PURPOSE: Recently TF-adaptive movement is developed in order to increase the durability of TF files. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of adaptive movement on durability and performance of twisted files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resin blocks simulating artificial J-shape canals were used for this study. In TFC group, TF-adaptive ML-1 (25/.08 size) files were used to prepare the canals under continuous rotation 500 rpm/4.0 Ncm. In TFA group, TF-adaptive ML-1 (25/.08 size) files were used to prepare the canals under adaptive movement. After preparing each artificial canal, TF files were observed under dental microscope for assessing existence of unwinding, distortion, and fracture. If unwinding of flute was observed, the number of artificial canals until unwinding of flute occurs was recorded. Required time until instruments reach working length and distance of unwinded portion of files from D0 were measured. All test results were conducted by Mann-Whitney U test at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: No NiTi instrument's separation was observed. Number of resin blocks until file unwinding happens and working time was significantly high in TFA group compared to TF group. Distance of distortion from D0 didn't show significant difference between TFA, TF groups. CONCLUSION: The number of resin blocks prepared until unwinding happens and working time were significantly high in TFA group. The location of unwinding showed no significant difference between 2 groups. Adaptive movement increased the number of canals prepared until unwinding occurs and working time of twisted files.
Filing ; Movement ; Root Canal Preparation

Aesthetic dentistry in the manner of tooth modification or ornamentation existed in the Philippines long before the Spaniards first arrived. Tooth filing, gold pegging and staining were the popular methods used then. For beauty, style and not to have features similar to that of animals, have been cited as reasons for its practice.

Beauty ; Gold ; Filing ; Philippines ; Tooth ; Esthetics ; Odontogenesis ; Tooth Diseases ; Dentistry ; Staining And Labeling

BACKGROUND: Underutilization of PhilHealth benefits undermines the effective distribution of public resources. To formulate effective strategies, the factors affecting the utilization of members must be studied.

OBJECTIVES: To (1) assess the rate of underutilization of inpatient benefits and (2) determine the association of chosen factors with PhilHealth underutilization of selected member groups in three barangays in Manila.

METHODS: The study was done in selected Barangays in Manila. Using the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) method of sampling, a sample size of 147 households were obtained and interviewed  for the study. An interview guide was used to gather the data needed for analysis. Chi-square test was then used to determine existing associations between underutilization and the chosen factors.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The chi-square test of association revealed that gender (p-value=0.034), income (p-value=0.026), and type of membership (p-value=0.027) are significantly associated with underutilization. Females and paying members were found to be more frequent users. Gap between the utilization and underutilization rates was found to be greatest in the lowest income groups. 'Lack of knowledge on filing claims' (p-value<0.001) and on benefits (p-value<0.001) were also identified as significant predictors of underutilization. Results showing a significant proportion of household experiencing insurance underutilization highlight the need for NHIC to create new and/or improved mechanisms that will enable it to extend its reach to the people.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Chi-square Distribution ; Filing ; Sample Size ; Inpatients ; Poverty ; Income ; Family Characteristics ; Insurance ; Immunization