Degraded guar was prepared by acid with guar as the main material, which was then brought into reaction with chlorosulfonic acid under proper conditions, the sulfonated degraded guar was obtained successfully. The effects of sulfonation conditions on the SO4(2-) content were investigated, and the proper reaction conditions were determined. The results of infrared spectrometry showed that this sulfated derivative is a novel heparin-like polysaccharide. At the same time, the selective removal of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fibrinogen (Fib) by degraded guar gum sulfate was studied. The experimental results showed that degraded guar gum sulfate is a novel LDL/ Fib purifying agent. When pH= 5.15 and the initial concentration of the degraded guar gum sulfate is 2500 mg/L, the reduction percentages were about 60%-66% for total cholesterol, about 76%-89% for LDL and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and almost 100% for fibrinogen. There were no significant changes regarding the level of high-density lipoproteins and total proteins.
Fibrinogen ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Galactans ; chemistry ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; isolation & purification ; Mannans ; chemistry ; Plant Gums ; chemistry ; Sulfates ; chemistry

In this paper, the adsorption of human serum albumin(HSA), human serum fibrinogen (HFG) and human serum immunoglobin(IgG) on diamond like carbon film(DLC) has been studied in comparison with diamond film (DF) and graphite. The isothermal adsorption of the protein solution with single component and the competitive adsorption of binary protein system have been investigated by radio isotope 125I labelling method. Results showed that (1) the adsorptive amounts of three proteins on three material surfaces are all increased with the increasing concentration of protein solution, then the adsorption tends to reach an equilibrium; (2) the adsorptive amounts of three protein on graphite far exceed that on DLC and DF; (3) the adsorptive amounts of HSA on DLC are more than that on DF, while the adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite are apparently more than that on DLC; (4) the differences among the adsorptive amounts of three proteins on DLC are small, but adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite are much more than that of HSA; (5) the relative competitive adsorption ability of three proteins on DF and graphite is HFG > IgG > HSA, but on DLC, the sequence is HFG approximately HSA > IgG. Comparing with HSA, HFG has no apparent competitive adsorption superiority to DLC. These results indicate that there is no apparent difference for the adsorption of three human serum proteins on DLC, but the adsorption of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite takes precedence of various degrees. It probably makes a rational explanation for the result of hemocompatibility tests in vitro that DLC is superior to, DF and graphite.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Proteins ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoproteins ; chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Membranes, Artificial ; Serum Albumin ; chemistry

The selective removal of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fibrinogen (Fib) by degraded carrageenan was studied by the present authors. Degraded carrageenan was prepared by acid with carrageenan as the main material. The effects of acid conditions on the molecular weight were investigated, and the proper reaction conditions were ascertained. The results of infrared spectrometry indicated that the degraded carrageenan is a heparin-like polysaccharide. Then the selective removal of LDL/Fibrinogen by degraded carrageenan was studied. When molecular weight was about 10,000, pH was 5.10 and the concentration of degraded carrageenan was 800 mg/L, the average reduction percentages were 60.0% for total cholesterol(TC), 79.4% for LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and 93.8% for fibrinogen. There were no significant changes with relation to the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein (TP). So, degraded carrageenan was shown to be of good selectivity on plasma LDL/Fibrinogen apheresis.
Carrageenan ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with congenital hypofibrinogenamia.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples were collected from 9 members from the pedigree. Routine coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), the prothrombin time (PT) were carried out. The activity of fibrinogen (Fg: C) was measured using Clauss method, and fibrinogen antigen (Fg: Ag) was measured with immunoturbidimetry. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of the fibrinogen Aα, Bβ and γ chain genes were amplified using PCR, which was followed by direct sequencing. Suspected mutation was confirmed by reverse sequencing. The mutant fibrinogen was analyzed with Swiss-PdbViewer.

RESULTSThe proband showed prolonged APTT, PT and TT. Her functional fibrinogen (Fg: C) and antigen fibrinogen (Fg: Ag) levels were reduced to 0.69 g/L and 0.72 g/L, respectively. Her mother and grandmother also had a low levels of fibrinogen, which were 0.99 g/L and 0.83 g/L for Fg: C, 1.02 g/L and 0.87 g/L for Fg: Ag, respectively. The results of other members from the pedigree were all within the normal range. Genetic analysis reveled a heterozygous G>T mutation at nucleotide 7590 in exon 8 of γ gene in the proband, which was predicted to be a novel Ser313Ile mutation. The mutation was also found in her mother and grandmother. Model analysis showed that the Ser313Ile mutation disturbed the hydrogen bonds between Ser313, Asn319 and Asp320. Moreover, the mutation also altered the mutual electrostatic force and affected the folding and instability of the mutant fibrinogen.

CONCLUSIONThe heterozygous Ser313Ile mutation probably underlies the hypofibrinogenemia in this pedigree.

Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; chemistry ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pedigree

The Modified silk fibroin membranes were prepared by mixing the aqueous solutions of both silk fibroin and chitosan with the use of oxidized glucose aldehyde as a crosslinking agent. It was characterized by FTIR, DSC, measurements of membrane-potential and mechanical properties, the water swelling ratios and permeability coefficient for model drug 5-Fu in the different pH buffer solutions. It was shown that there were some strong hydrogen bond interaction and good compatibility between silk fibroin and chitosan molecules in the modified silk fibroin films. The isoelectric point of modified fibroin film was about pH 5.35, but that of natural fibroin film was around pH 4.5. It was also found that the mechanical properties of modified fibroin films were much better than those of fibroin itself. Its tensile strength and breaking elongation were greatly enhanced with the increase of chitosan content and their maximum values were as high as 71.4-72.7 MPa and 2.96%-3.82% respectively, at the composition of 40 wt%-60 wt% chitosan. Its coefficient of permeability decreased firstly and then increased slowly with the change of the pH value of solutions from pH 5 to pH 9, and the minimum coefficient of permeability was observed when pH=7.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemical synthesis ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; Fibroins ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Membranes ; Silk ; chemistry

The functional hemocompatibility between fibrinogen (FIG) and a novel vascular stent material (Ti-O film fixed with albumin and heparin) was investigated as follows: (1) Preparing the new biologic material (Ti-O) film; (2) Coating albumin and heparin on the Ti-O film; (3) Testing platelets (PL) adsorption; (4) Determining FIG adhesion number by use of enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA); (5) Implanting the films from the test group of Ti-O film and from the comparison group of stainless steel (SS) film into the left and right femoral arteries respectively in 4 dogs. It was proved that albumin and heparin were fixed on Ti-O film. After 6 months, the femoral arteries of the dogs were resected. In the test group of Ti-O film coated with albumin and heparin, few PL adhered to the coat, their form did not change, and no thrombus was found by scanning electron microscopy; the result was better than that of plain Ti-O film, and was much better than that of SS film. Ti-O maintained normal transformation condition of FIG, and no C terminal of gamma chain in FIG was revealed. As it is known whether the hemocompatibility of a biomaterial is good depends upon its adsorption of FIG, and Ti-O has excellent reaction on albumin and heparin by chemical processes. In this study, the Ti-O film coated with albumin and heparin further reduced the absorption of FIG and PL when compared against the plain Ti-O film. So the Ti-O film coated with albumin and heparin has the insistent and permanent anticoagulant character.
Albumins ; chemistry ; Animals ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Fibrinogen ; chemistry ; Heparin ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Prosthesis Design ; Stents ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

The effect of chitosan with different molecular weight and deacetylation degree on blood hemostasis was tested. The experiments found evident alteration of red blood cell morphology and unusual coagglutination between erythrocytes in the anticoagulant blood which was treated by chitosan acetic acid solution. The red blood cells clot formation experiments showed that chitosan with low deacetylation degree (60%-70%) caused more red blood cells to assemble when compared versus chitosan with other deacetylation degrees. The effect of molecular weight between 10(5)-10(6) was not obvious. The thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and concentration of fibrinogen (FIB) of blood treated by chitosan acetic acid solution were measured. The results proved that the hemostasis property of chitosan acetic acid solution was independent of the platelets and the normal "Cascade-like" coagulation pathway.
Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Hemostatics ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Thrombin Time

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) was prepared by means of plasma source ion implantation-ion beam enhanced deposition. Through the heat treatment upon DLC in air and in depressed Ar gas, the DLC rich in graphite, DLC rich in diamond, and other kinds of DLC used in the study were obtained respectively. For the three kinds of DLC, the components of carbonaceous phase were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the adsorptive amounts of human serum albumin (HSA), human serum fibrinogen (HFG) and human serum immunoglobin (IgG) on their surfaces in the condition of constant temperature were determined by radio isotope 125I labelling method. Results showed the graphite phase and diamond phase in DLC increased by two times or so respectively after the aforementioned different heat treatment. In pace with the increase of these foreign phases, the adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DLC greatly increase but the adsorptive amounts of HSA on DLC decrease; furthermore, there is a change from non-selective adsorption of three human serum proteins into selective adsorptions of HFG and IgG prior to HSA. These results indicate that the foreign phases in DLC such as graphite, diamond, C-H phase and C-O phase have a great effect on protein adsorption on DLC and hence a negative effect on the hemocompatibility of DLC. The mechanisms for the increase of graphite phase and diamond phase in the process of heat treatment were also discussed in this paper.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Surface Properties

In this research,enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to assay the fibrinogen (FIG) adsorbed on the Ti-O films and on the low temperature isotropic carbon (LTIC) films which were planted in the femoral arteries of 6 mongrel dogs for six months, respectively. The Ti-O films were planted in the dogs' left femoral arteries; the LTIC films as controls were planted in the dogs' right femoral arteries. The contents adsorbed in these two kinds of films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantities of FIG adhered or denatured on the Ti-O films or LTIC films determined by ELISA, and the platelets adhered on the two kinds of films examined by SEM were of significant difference between the two groups. In the blood vessel, the amount of FIG adhered on biomaterial was related to its component and construction. FIG released electron to the biomaterial and induced the unfolding of C term of the gamma-chain of FIG, and the conjugation point and effect point were exposed. In conclusion, the biomaterial, which has the capability for resisting the electron release from FIG as well as for maintaining the invariable electric condition, will have excellent hemocompatibility.
Adsorption ; Animals ; Dogs ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Histocompatibility ; Molecular Conformation ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To explore the related risk facts of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and analyze the relation between PTE and the trauma or medical behavior by investigating the cases of PTE. METHODS: Thirty-three cases were selected from Institute of Forensic Science (IFS) from 2000 to 2014. RESULTS: In 33 cases, 16 decedents were male, 17 decedents were female; different degrees of dyspnea, chest tight- ness and syncope symptoms were the clinical manifestation of the deceased; the thrombus was mainly distributed in the left and right pulmonary arteries. The main source of embolism was the deep vein of lower limb and the left probability was higher. Trauma, limited position, operation and cardiovascular disease showed high-risk factors of PTE; D-Dimer test, hemolytic test and computer tomography pul- monary angiography were the diagnostic tools for PTE. In some cases, trauma and medical malpractice could be involved in the cause of death. CONCLUSION Non-typical clinical symptoms present in the most cases caused by PTE, and these cases always show many high-risk factors. The relation between PTE and injury or medical behavior should be considered carefully in the forensic pathological practice.
Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/chemistry* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Male ; Malpractice ; Pulmonary Embolism/mortality*