Background: Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to decrease the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI). This study aimed to compare the two groups of antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Methods: This observational, analytic, retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of IFI with antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole vs. other antifungals in the first 100 days after allogeneic HSCT in patients aged ＜18 years between 2012 and 2018. The statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analyses and determination of the cumulative incidence of invasive fungal infection by the Kaplan‒Meier method using STATA 14 statistical software. Results: A total of 139 allogeneic HSCT were performed. The principal diagnosis was acute leukemia (63%). The 75% had haploidentical donors, and 50% used an antifungal in the month before transplantation. Voriconazole (69%) was the most frequently administered antifungal prophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of IFI was 5% (7 cases). Of the patients with IFIs, four began prophylaxis with voriconazole, one with caspofungin, and one with fluconazole. Additionally, six were possible cases, one was proven (Candida parapsilosis), and 1/7 died. Conclusion There were no differences in the incidence of IFI between patients who received prophylaxis with voriconazole and other antifungal agents.

Objective: Childhood obesity, affected by dietary choices, increases cardiovascular risk.Obesity is associated with inflammation and altered glucose, iron and lipid metabolism. This study explores connections between dietary habits, plasma fatty acid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and childhood obesity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 20 children and adolescents with obesity and 20 controls. Anthropometric parameters and food frequency questionnaires were registered. Glucose metabolism, iron parameters, lipid profile, fatty acids profile, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2 ), cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activities were evaluated. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results: The group with obesity consumed more bakery products and less cereals, and presented higher myristic, palmitoleic, margaric and gamma-linolenic acids, along with lower linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids (p<0.05). They also exhibited altered glucose metabolism, a more atherogenic lipid profile, higher Lp-PLA2 and lower PON 1 activities (p<0.05). Consumption of several food groups correlated with metabolic alterations. Different correlations between pro-inflammatory, antiinflammatory and obesity-related fatty acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were found, including: myristic acid with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.32, p<0.05), EPA acid with hs-CRP (r=−0.36, p<0.05) and gadoleic acid with PON1 (r=0.39, p<0.05). Mediation analyses revealed fatty acids and cardiometabolic markers as mediators of the association between dietary habits and obesity. Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity presented disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, attenuated antioxidant function and altered fatty acid composition. Direct and indirect associations between dietary habits, fatty acids, cardiometabolic markers and the presence of obesity were found.

Objective: Childhood obesity, affected by dietary choices, increases cardiovascular risk.Obesity is associated with inflammation and altered glucose, iron and lipid metabolism. This study explores connections between dietary habits, plasma fatty acid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and childhood obesity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 20 children and adolescents with obesity and 20 controls. Anthropometric parameters and food frequency questionnaires were registered. Glucose metabolism, iron parameters, lipid profile, fatty acids profile, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2 ), cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activities were evaluated. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results: The group with obesity consumed more bakery products and less cereals, and presented higher myristic, palmitoleic, margaric and gamma-linolenic acids, along with lower linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids (p<0.05). They also exhibited altered glucose metabolism, a more atherogenic lipid profile, higher Lp-PLA2 and lower PON 1 activities (p<0.05). Consumption of several food groups correlated with metabolic alterations. Different correlations between pro-inflammatory, antiinflammatory and obesity-related fatty acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were found, including: myristic acid with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.32, p<0.05), EPA acid with hs-CRP (r=−0.36, p<0.05) and gadoleic acid with PON1 (r=0.39, p<0.05). Mediation analyses revealed fatty acids and cardiometabolic markers as mediators of the association between dietary habits and obesity. Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity presented disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, attenuated antioxidant function and altered fatty acid composition. Direct and indirect associations between dietary habits, fatty acids, cardiometabolic markers and the presence of obesity were found.

Objective: Childhood obesity, affected by dietary choices, increases cardiovascular risk.Obesity is associated with inflammation and altered glucose, iron and lipid metabolism. This study explores connections between dietary habits, plasma fatty acid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and childhood obesity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 20 children and adolescents with obesity and 20 controls. Anthropometric parameters and food frequency questionnaires were registered. Glucose metabolism, iron parameters, lipid profile, fatty acids profile, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2 ), cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activities were evaluated. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results: The group with obesity consumed more bakery products and less cereals, and presented higher myristic, palmitoleic, margaric and gamma-linolenic acids, along with lower linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids (p<0.05). They also exhibited altered glucose metabolism, a more atherogenic lipid profile, higher Lp-PLA2 and lower PON 1 activities (p<0.05). Consumption of several food groups correlated with metabolic alterations. Different correlations between pro-inflammatory, antiinflammatory and obesity-related fatty acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were found, including: myristic acid with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.32, p<0.05), EPA acid with hs-CRP (r=−0.36, p<0.05) and gadoleic acid with PON1 (r=0.39, p<0.05). Mediation analyses revealed fatty acids and cardiometabolic markers as mediators of the association between dietary habits and obesity. Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity presented disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, attenuated antioxidant function and altered fatty acid composition. Direct and indirect associations between dietary habits, fatty acids, cardiometabolic markers and the presence of obesity were found.

Objective: Childhood obesity, affected by dietary choices, increases cardiovascular risk.Obesity is associated with inflammation and altered glucose, iron and lipid metabolism. This study explores connections between dietary habits, plasma fatty acid profile, cardiovascular risk factors and childhood obesity. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 20 children and adolescents with obesity and 20 controls. Anthropometric parameters and food frequency questionnaires were registered. Glucose metabolism, iron parameters, lipid profile, fatty acids profile, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2 ), cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activities were evaluated. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results: The group with obesity consumed more bakery products and less cereals, and presented higher myristic, palmitoleic, margaric and gamma-linolenic acids, along with lower linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids (p<0.05). They also exhibited altered glucose metabolism, a more atherogenic lipid profile, higher Lp-PLA2 and lower PON 1 activities (p<0.05). Consumption of several food groups correlated with metabolic alterations. Different correlations between pro-inflammatory, antiinflammatory and obesity-related fatty acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were found, including: myristic acid with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.32, p<0.05), EPA acid with hs-CRP (r=−0.36, p<0.05) and gadoleic acid with PON1 (r=0.39, p<0.05). Mediation analyses revealed fatty acids and cardiometabolic markers as mediators of the association between dietary habits and obesity. Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity presented disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation, attenuated antioxidant function and altered fatty acid composition. Direct and indirect associations between dietary habits, fatty acids, cardiometabolic markers and the presence of obesity were found.