Objective To study postoperative delirium in elderly patients.Methods We investigate the morbidity of postoperative delirium in 142 elderly patients (≥ 60 years)after gastrointestinal surgery by using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 (DRS-R98) scores.Data were analyzed using Student's t test and Chi-squaretest respectively with SPSS 19.0.Results Of 142 patients,delirium was diagnosed in 36 patients(25.4％),delirium developed in 4,7,17,7,1 patients in posto perative 1,2,3,4-7,7 + days respectively.There were significant difference in hospital stay:17.7 ± 2.6 days (postoperative delirium) and 13.4 ± 2.3 days (no postoperative delirium),t =4.608,P =0.000 1.The postoperative complications (52.8％ / 23.6％,x2 =10.710,P =0.001) and ICU admission (22.2％/6.6％,x2 =6.939,P =0.008) significantly increased.Conclusions Postoperative delirium is recognized as one of the most common surgical complications in elderly patients with gastrointestinal surgery leading to other major postoperative complications,and prolonged hospitalization.

OBJECTIVETo study the alkaloids of Macleaya cordata.

METHODThe alkaloids were isolated and purified by various column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTThirteen alkaloids were isolated and identified as 6-methoxy-dihydrosanguinarine (1), norsanguinarine (2), 6-acetonyl-dihyrochelerythrine (3), 6-acetonyl-dihyrosanguinnarine (4), sanguidimerine (5), chelidimerine (6), (+/-) -bocconarborine A (7), (+/-)-bocconarborine B (8), cryptopine (9), dihydrosanguinarine (10), dihydrochelerythrine (11), protopine (12), alpha-allocryptopine (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 3, 5 - 9 were firstly isolated from the genus Macleaya and compound 1 was obtained from M. cordata for the first time.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment of oral and maxillofacial pyogenic granulomas induced by camrelizumab. Methods: A case of pyogenic granuloma of the gums and lips caused by camrelizumab was reported along with a literature review. Results: After 4 months of treatment with camrelizumab for liver cancer, the patient developed systemic reactive capillary hyperplasia (RCH), followed by multiple masses on the lower lip and gingiva. After periodontal therapy, the masses on the lower lip and the gingiva were removed, and camrelizumab administration was stopped. The pathological result was gingival pyogenic granuloma/granulomatous hemangioma. No new masses were found in the oral cavity during postoperative follow-up. A review of the literature showed that RCH is the most common adverse drug reaction to camrelizumab but it occurs infrequently in the oral cavity. At present, the etiology of RCH has not been clarified, but the research has shown that camrelizumab may trigger tissue proliferation into hemangiomas by activating vascular endothelial cells, and the combined use of camrelizumab is safer than single use. RCH is self-limiting and most cases resolve spontaneously after discontinuation of the drug. If the mass causes dysfunction, surgical excision is feasible. Conclusion Camrelizumab can cause oral and maxillofacial reactive capillary hyperplasia complicated by pyogenic granuloma.