Objective:To correlate blood lipids and body mass index (BMI) with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Methods:A total of 303 participants who underwent physical examinations at The 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force from May 2022 to May 2023 were included in this case-control study. These patients were divided into an Hp-infected group ( n = 97) and a non-Hp-infected group ( n = 206) based on whether they had Hp infection or not. Participants' body height and weight were recorded, and BMI was calculated. The levels of four blood lipid indicators were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The distribution of different BMIs and abnormal statuses of these four blood lipid indicators were compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Hp infection and these four blood lipid indicators. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the influential factors for Hp infection. Results:The number of participants who had 24 kg/m 2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m 2 [39.17% (38/97)] and the number of participants who had BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2 [10.31% (10/97)] in the Hp-infected group was significantly higher than those in the non-Hp-infected group [19.90% (41/206) and 2.43% (5/206), χ2 = 12.71, 7.11, P < 0.001, 0.008]. The decrease rate of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increase rate of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increase rate of triglyceride (TG), and increase rate of total cholesterol (TC) in the Hp-infected group were 23.71% (23/97), 31.96% (31/97), 17.53% (17/97), and 22.68% (22/97), respectively, which were significantly higher than 9.22% (19/206), 11.17% (23/206), 7.28% (15/206), and 8.74% (18/206) in the non-Hp-infected group ( χ2 = 11.59, 19.47, 7.33, 11.19, P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.007, 0.001). The Spearman analysis showed that Hp infection was linearly positively correlated with BMI, LDL-C, TG, and TC ( r = 0.571, 0.519, 0.473, 0.535, all P < 0.001), while it was linearly negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r = -0.628, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2, decreased HDL-C, increased LDL-C, elevated TG, and elevated TC are independent risk factors for Hp infection. Conclusion:Blood lipids and BMI are closely associated with Hp infection, and abnormal blood lipids and elevated BMI are independent risk factors for Hp infection.

Objective:To investigate the effects of montelukast sodium combined with compound methoxyphenamine on airway inflammation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) levels in patients with post-infection cough.Methods:A total of 200 patients with post-infection cough who received treatment at The 903 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force from January to December 2023 were included in this randomized controlled study. The patients were divided into an observation group ( n = 100) and a control group ( n = 100) using the random number table method. The control group received oral administration of compound methoxyphenamine capsules, while the observation group received oral administration of montelukast sodium in addition to compound methoxyphenamine capsules. Both groups were treated for 7 days. The therapeutic effects as well as daytime and nighttime cough scores, airway inflammation change, serum ICAM-1, TLR4, and sPD-L1 levels, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire scores were compared between the two groups. Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was 95% (95/100), which was significantly higher than that in the control group [84% (84/100), Z = 2.49, P < 0.05]. After treatment, the daytime and nighttime cough scores in the observation group were (1.24 ± 0.31) points and (1.02 ± 0.31) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(2.17 ± 0.65) points, (1.94 ± 0.47) points, t = 12.91, 16.34, both P < 0.001]. Serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the observation group were (8.84 ± 2.21) mg/L], (82.34 ± 13.24) mg/L, and (78.94 ± 13.24) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(12.76 ± 2.53) mg/L, (127.18 ± 35.17) mg/L, (102.31 ± 21.08) ng/L, t = 11.67, 11.93, 9.39, all P < 0.001]. The ICAM-1 and TLR4 levels in the observation group were (178.32 ± 21.23) μg/L and (7.45 ± 2.32) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(247.18 ± 25.64) μg/L, (19.98 ± 4.53) ng/L, t = 20.69, 24.62, both P < 0.001], while sPD-L1 level in the observation group [(2.34 ± 0.37) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.72 ± 0.41) ng/L, t = -11.23, P < 0.001]. The quality-of-life scores in the observation group for social [(2.61 ± 0.25) points], psychological [(6.56 ± 0.45) points], physical [(7.65 ± 0.72) points], and total score [(16.81 ± 2.51) points] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(2.14 ± 0.30) points, (5.44 ± 0.52) points, (6.07 ± 0.65) points, (13.74 ± 2.68) points, t = 12.04, 16.29, 16.29, 8.36, all P < 0.001]. Conclusion:Montelukast sodium combined with compound methoxyphenamine is highly effective in treating post-infection cough in patients. The combined therapy can reduce airway inflammation, lower ICAM-1 and TLR4 levels, and increase sPD-L1 levels.