OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of entecavir PLGA sustained-release microspheres,and explore its drug release in vitro. METHODS:PLGA sustained-release microspheres was prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Us-ing composite score of entrapment efficacy and drug loading as indexes,orthogonal test was designed to optimize drug amount, drug-PLGA mass ratio,PLGA mass concentration,oil phase-aqueous phase volume ratio and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentra-tion;and validation test was also conducted. The prepared microsphere morphology,particle size and durg release in vitro were de-tected. RESULTS:The optimized formulation was entecavir 20 mg,entecavir-PLGA mass ratio 1∶10,PLGA mass concentration 200 mg/ml,oil phase-aqueous phase volume ratio 1∶10,and PVA concentration 2%;entrapment efficacy was (86.52 ± 3.25)%, drug loading was(18.36±1.37)%,RSDs were lower than 5.0%(n=3);it was round and smooth in appearance with average par-ticle size of 58.35 μm;Q10 h,Q96 h and Q360 h were 9.6%,42.9% and 89.6%,and the drug release in vitro fitted to Higuchi model (r2=0.965 8). CONCLUSIONS:Entecavir PLGA sustained-release microspheres prepared by optimized formulation has good sus-tained-release performance.

Objective To prepare optimization of palonosetron hydrochloride oral disintegrating tablets by orthogonal test. Methods Palonosetron hydrochloride oral disintegrating tablets were prepared with direct compression process.The content of pal-onosetron hydrochloride was determined by HPLC.The formulation was optimized with disintegration time as evaluation indices. Results The optimal formulation(60 mg/tablet)was as follows:L-HPC 12%,mannitol∶SMCC= 2∶1,magnesium stearate 2%, stevia glycosides 3%.The oral disintegrating tablets showed dine appearance and tested better;the disintegration time was 12 sec-onds;the tablets featured a hardness of 3 kg;4 min dissolution rate was 99%.Conclusion The preparation method is simple and reasonable,and the tablets can disintegrate rapidly.

Objective To understand the achievement exchange and interpenetration situation between parasitological jour?nals and the journals of other disciplines. Methods The citing journals and cited journals of Chinese parasitological journals were analyzed. Three Chinese core journals namely Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control and Chinese Journal of Zoonoses were selected as the study objects. The number and citation times of citing and cited journals from 2002 to 2012 were collected from CNKI. These journals were classified according to China Journal Citation Reports-Expand 2013 and analyzed by the method of bibliometrics. Results The number of published pa?pers in Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control and Chinese Journal of Zoonoses were 1 160 1 541 and 2 494 from 2002 to 2012 respectively. The numbers of citing journals of the 3 above journals included by the citation reports were 496 547 and 592 respectively the total citation frequencies were 4 778 9 547 and 8 301 and the average citation frequencies per paper were 4.12 6.20 and 3.33 respectively. The numbers of the cit?ed journals were 532 407 and 659 respectively the total citation frequencies were 4 470 7 206 and 7 885 and the average citation frequencies per paper were 3.85 4.68 and 3.16 respectively. The top three disciplines of the citing journals and cited journals were medical and health basic science and agricultural sciences and the top three secondary disciplines belonged to medical and health were general medical and health preventive medicine and hygiene and clinical medicine. Conclusion There is an extensive exchange between parasitology journals and other journals which promotes the exchange between parasi?tology and other relevant disciplines.

Objective To investigate the present situation and to analyze related factors of nursing practice environment among 22 public hospitals in Shanghai area.Methods We investigated 1 600 nurses from the 22 hospitals with general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of Practice Environment Scale,and also analyzed related factors by single and multiple factor analysis.Results 1 582questionnaires were taken back.49％ were dissatisfied with their working environment,and 28.1％ were evaluated to have nice practice conditions.Nurse concerned with workforce management and adequate resources were widespread.Logistic analysis indicated that hospital's level,the nurse's age,educational background and seniority were main factors influencing nurses' satisfaction.Nurse work in tertiary hospitals reported lower satisfaction.Conclusions More attention should be paid on improving nursing practice environment.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of felodipine combined atorvastatin on aged patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH).Methods:A total of 176 aged ISH patients were selected from our hospital from Mar 2012 to Jan 2014. They were randomly and equally divided into felodipine group (only received felodipine and other routine therapy)and combined treatment group (received atorvastatin based on treatment of felodipine group),both groups were treated for 12 weeks.Levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),pulse pressure (PP),fore brachial artery endothelium dependent diastolic-systolic function (FMD),nitric oxide (NO), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with before treatment,after treatment there were significant reductions in levels of SBP,PP,hsCRP and IL-6,and significant rise in FMD and NO level in both groups (P<0.01 all).Compared with felodipine group after treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of SBP [(134.64 ±9.64)mmHg vs.(130.86±9.75)mmHg],PP [(68.57±6.01)mmHg vs.(57.84±5.79)mmHg],hsCRP [(11.94±2.95)mg/L vs.(7.47±1.97)mg/L]and IL-6 [(10.64±3.85)mg/L vs.(5.84±3.11)mg/L],and sig- nificant rise in DBP [(72.64±7.95)mmHg比 (77.94±8.13)mmHg]and FMD [(9.75±2.56)% vs.(12.54± 4.65)%]and NO [(53.74±8.65)μmol/L vs.(86.48±6.84)μmol/L]in combined treatment group,P<0.05 or<0.01. Conclusion:Felodipine combined atorvastatin possesses good therapeutic effect in aged patients with isolated systolic hypertension.It' s help to recovering vascular function and lower inflammatory reactions.