Objective To investigate the effect of pvdQ(PA2385)gene on Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming motility.Methods The plasmid pME6032 with pvdQ gene was constructed and identified,then transformed into Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 using the eleetroporation to build pvdQ-overexpression strain.The pME6032-PAO1 strain was constructed with the same method.The cloning plasmid pEX18Gm containing sacB was successfully used to construct unmarked deletion mutant of pvdQ gene and pvdQ mutant strain. Bacteria were inoculated in LB and were cultured overnight.The clones were measured for the diameter of the swarming zone.The statistical analysis was done using one-factor ANOVA.Results Strains of pvdQ-overexpression and pvdQ-mutant were successfully constructed and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The four strains were compared for the swarming motility by changes in diameter:PAO1(20.52±1.80)mm,pME6032-PAO1 strain(19.39±2.10)mm,pvdQ-overexpression strain(51.20±2.16)mm,pvdQ-mutant strain(3.30±0.55)mm.The diameter of pME6032-PAO1 strain was not significantly different from that of wild strain PAO1(t=-0.1493,P>0.05).However,the diameter of pvdQ(Q-mutant strain was significantly shorter than that of wild strain PAO1(t=2.8525,P<0.05).while the diameter of pvdQ-overexpression strain was longer than that of the wild strain PAO1(t=1.4230,P<0.05).Conclusions pvdQ gene may be involved in regulating the swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,which can promote Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming motility.

Objective The paper focused on teaching status of evening college among different ma-jors, and tried to provide data support and suggestion for teaching reform of evening college in medical university. Method Using methods of questionnaires and interviews, the investigators analyzed five aspects of students in Peking University Health Science Center, which were the influences on study from family and work, and the evaluation on teaching, etc. The investigators entered data with Epidata 3.1 software and de-scribed it with SPSS 20.0 statistical software, with which they also did chi-square and nonparametric rank sum test. Results 38.2% (63/165) of clinical medicine students, 45.8% (27/59) of laboratory medical sci-ence students and 43.0%(71/165) of nursing students regarded hard work and limited energy as their major difficulty from jobs. Limited time for study was treated as the biggest problem for students of clinical medicine (58.2%, 96/165), laboratory medical science (46.5%, 27/58) and nursing (66.5%, 105/158). 41.9%(70/167) of clinical medicine students tended to receive traditional face-to-face teaching; 39.0%(23/59) of laboratory medical science students preferred partial face-to-face teaching with partial network teaching; while 37.2% (68/183) of nursing students tended to partial face-to-face teaching with partial self-study. 58.4%(97/166) of clinical medicine students, 55.9%(33/59) of laboratory medical science students and 64 . 8% ( 118/182 ) of nursing students preferred examination of both memorization and application . Conclusion Results showed that students in different majors presented similar opinions on teaching status, but also with a few dif-ferences. There were the same characteristics between students of clinical medicine and nursing, both with high satisfaction. While students in the laboratory medical science showed the special characteristics, with low satisfaction.

Objective To study the effect of reducing no-reflow after PCI treatment by early using Tirofiban and suction catheter in AMI patients .Methods 76 cases of patients were divided into group A (38 cases) and group B(38 cases) .The group A began to use Tirofiban with suction catheter to aspiration after coronary guidewire entering ,the suction were used in group B when the thrombus burden became exacerbation after balloon dilation .In addition ,chosen 38 cases of AMI patients treated with Tirofiban af-ter balloon dilation as group C .The influence of different treatment options to no-reflow and slow blood flow ,cardiovascular adverse events and the incidence of bleeding were observed .Results Group A compared with other two groups ,the no-reflow and slow flow rate had statistically significant differences (P< 0 .05) ,but there was no statistically significant differencebetween group B and group C(P>0 .05) .After three different surgical treatments ,the incidence of bleeding complications had no significant difference (P>0 .05 .The occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events had statistically significant between A group and C (P<0 .05) ,but there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Three kinds of treatment all have certain effect to reduce no-reflow in emergency PCI of AMI ,but early use of tirofiban with suction catheter in treatment of emergen-cy treatment has great clinical significance to reduce no-reflow .This study provides an effective treatment plan to reduce no-reflow in PCI for AMI .

BACKGROUND:Currently,there are many studies concerning the pathogenesis,process,and damage of glaucoma,however,there is not an ideal glaucoma modelOBJECTIVE:To prepare rabbit intraocular hypertension models using three different material injections,and to verify the practical value of intraocular hypetension modelsMETHODS:Thidy New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups,with 10 animals in each group.One eye of each rabbit was served as the experimental eyes and the other eye as control eyes.Autoblood.methyl cellulose,C3F8 was injected into the anterior chamber of the experimental eyes.and the normal saline was injected into the control eyes.The intraocular pressure(IOP)was monitored prior to injection and at hours 0,24,36,48,72,96.120 and 168 after injection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Intraocular hype Rension models could be induced by injecting 3 kinds of materials,and the IOP was obviously increased after injection(P＜0.05),and the ranges and periods of increasing were varied.The periods of increasing of 3 materials were 1,3 and 7 days,respectively,which could maintain for longer time for a second injection.The IOP ranged 1.86-6.65 kPa,and mild anterior segment inflammation could be found.The experiment demonstrated that intraocular hypeansion models using three different material injections are ideal models,which is characterized by simple,reliable and controllable.The suitable model can be selected for acute or chronic glaucoma research.

Background Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the frequent glaucomatous types,and genetic factor participates in pathogenesis and development of the disease.Recently,MYOC mutation was found to be associated with POAG.Objective This study was to describe the clinical and genetic findings in a POAG family from Luoyang,China.Methods This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology.The study adhered to Declaration of Helsinki.A POAG family with 29 members of 5 generations was surveyed and followed-up for 5-year duration.The mode of inheritance was determined by the pedigree analysis.The periphery blood sample was collected form 12 families and 100 health controls for the extraction of genomic DNA under the informed consent.The third exon and its flanking introns of MYOC were amplified,and quantitative real time PCR products were sequenced,and the structure and function of mutated gene were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.The predicted effects of the detected variants on the secondary structure of MYOC protein were evaluated using Garnier-Osguthorpe-Robson (GOR) method,and homology analysis of protein was carried out by Blast software provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).Results This POAG family included 29 members of 5 generations,and the clinical data were not clear in 11 family members.Three individuals from 3 generations were determined POAG,another one was ocular hypertension,and 2 were carriers.Pedigree analysis appeared an autosomal dominant inheritance.In 12 subjects included 6 members genetically affected and 6 members with normal phenotype,the heterozygous mutation was found in the third exon of MYOC gene in 6 genetically affected members,which revealed a T→C transition at position 1021 (p.S341P),resulting in a switch of serine (Ser) to proline (Pro).It was a missense mutation abolished a CviKI-1 restriction site that segregated with the affected members.Secondary structure prediction of p.S341P suggested that myocilin protein was misfolded.Analysis of protein homology and switched Ser was conservative amine acid at position 1021 (p.S341P).No similar change was found in the 6 normal families and the normal controls.Conclusions Ser341Pro MYOC mutation is disease-causing factor in the POAG family of Luoyang.The clinical and genetic features of this mutation warrant further investigation.The mutation spectrum of MYOC is expanded to offer a better diagnosis and treatment for POAG patients.

Graphene ( GN) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNT) composites were coated on glassy carbon electrode ( GCE ) and then poly ( nicotinic acid ) ( PNA ) was electrodeposited on the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of pyridoxine hydrochloride ( VB6 ) was investigated at the modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) and differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV ) . Results showed the oxidation current of VB6 at the GN-MWCNT/PNA/GCE was obviously larger than that at GCE, PNA/GCE and GN/MWCNT/GCE. The oxidation process of VB6 was an irreversible diffusion-controlled process involving one electron and two protons. The liner range between the peak current intensity of DPV and the concentration of VB6 was 0 . 05-200 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 02 μmol/L ( S/N=3 ) . The modified electrode showed a good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 3 . 1% ( n=8 ) . The proposed method was applied to the analysis of vitamin B6 in vitamin B6 tablets and compound vitamin B tablets with recoveries between 96 . 1%-104 . 5%.

Objective To investigate the current learning status of medical students and related influencing factors, and to improve the quality of medical education. Methods The method of formative assessment and summative assessment was used. Questionnaire survey and data collection were performed among 11760 students from 11 medical colleges and universities in China to analyze their learning motivations, learning attitudes, academic record, and expectations. An analysis of variance and the t-test were used for comparison of general demographic factors. Results The overall score of learning motivations was (1.95±0.57) points (with a full score of 3 points), while there were significant differences between the colleges and universities in different regions , the colleges/universities at different levels , and different specialties (F=49.694, 12.354, and 8.094, P<0.01). The overall score of self-appraised learning attitudes was (2.68±0.78) points (with a full score of 4 points), and there were significant differences between the medical students from different regions, different types of colleges/universities, and colleges at different levels, between the medical students with different sexes, specialties, and grades, and between the military and non-military medical students (F/t=49.476, 19.241, 57.275, 11.513, 4.660, 30.177, and 42.788, P<0.01). The score of expectations for academic record was (2.14±0.95) points (with a full score of 4 points), and there were significant differences between different groups of medical students (F/t=458.503, 149.679, 553.090, 409.184, 29.584, 199.268, and 821.113, P<0.01). The score of overall academic record was (2.43±0.79) points (with a full score of 4 points), and there were significant differences between different groups of medical students (F/t=44.938, 20.305, 47.850, 45.174, 3.769, 20.819, and 81.909, P<0.01). There were significant differences in academic record between the medical students with different learning motivations , expectations , and self-appraised learning attitudes ( F/t=78 . 845 , 1146.000, and 715.012, P<0.01). Conclusion Medical students in China generally have good learning status, which is greatly influenced by general demographic factors. The academic score of medical students in China is positively correlated with learning expectations and attitudes , and learning motivations have a special effect on academic record.

Objective To investigate and analyze the mental health status of the students from poor families and non-poor students by comparative study.Methods Conducting the cluster sampling methods,the author investigated 885 medical students with questionnaires.We input data with Epidata 3.0 software and described it with SPSS 11.0 statistical software,which also did the nonparametric rank sum test.Results 92.7％(667/719) students from poor families considered their economic status among the general level or much lower level.There were 41.9％(294/702) students from poor families who thought families' financial difficulties had positive effects on mental health.92.3％(664/719) students from poor families were never afraid that people around knew they were in work-study program.87.5％(629/719) students from poor families were satisfied with their life.Facing psychological problems,there's no difference with dissatisfaction in daily life and recourses for help between students from poor families and non-poor students except psychological consultation center and lovers P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with non-poor students,the mental health of students from poor families in medical universities is good.The universities are supposed to pay more attention to the mental health of students who are neither poor nor non-poor and few students from poor families who are negatively impacted by their families' financial difficulties.

OBJECTIVETo establish a C57BL/6N mouse model infected with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from human origin.

METHODTwo groups of C57BL/6N mouse were inoculated with purified cysts of two G. lamblia isolates (CD and XZ) by gavage separately. Patterns and curves of cyst excretion of the infected mice were observed and summarized. Histopathological changes of the small intestines of the infected mice were observed.

RESULTSThirty-six mice receiving 1 x 10(4) cysts each were all infected. The C57BL/6N mouse showed high susceptibility to G. lamblia infection. There was no notable distinction between the two groups of the mice infected by the cysts of CD and XZ isolates. Cyst excretion occurred with intermittence. Of 36 infected mice, 32 (89%) passed cysts intermittently and 4 (11%) others persistently. The latent period of cyst excretion was 0 - 3 days p.i. (post-inoculation). The interruption of cyst excretion ranged from 12 to 20 days p.i. The fastigium of the cyst excretion was on day 6 p.i. The peak count of the cysts passed during a 2 h collection period was 2.3 x 10(7)/g fecal specimen. Edema, inflammation, cell infiltration, small blood vessels congestion, mitotic figures and mucosa necrosis appeared in sections of intestines.

CONCLUSIONC57Bl/6N mouse is a suitable animal model of G. lamblia.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Giardiasis ; etiology ; parasitology ; pathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVETo confirm the genetic relation between Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from different geographic regions of China and other countries.

METHODSGenomic DNA were extracted from the trophozoites or cysts of Giardia lamblia. The triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR products were digested with endonuclease and sequenced. The data of sequencing were analyzed with the DNAstar software and compared with that of the isolates acquired from GenBank.

RESULTSOf nine isolates of Giardia lamblia from China (C1, C2, CH2 and CH3), Cambodia (CAM), Australia (A1 and A2) and America (BP and CDC), respectively, 3 (A1, A2 and CAM) fit into Group 1 (WB), 2 (CH2 and CH3)) into Group 2, and 4 (C1, C2, BP and CDC) into Group 3 (GS). The results confirmed the genetic relatedness of G. lamblia isolates from all over the world.

CONCLUSIONGenotyping isolates of G. Lamblia provides important information for establishing the phylogenetic relationship or for the epidemiological evaluation of the spreading of this organism.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Protozoan ; chemistry ; Genotype ; Giardia lamblia ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Restriction Mapping ; Triose-Phosphate Isomerase ; chemistry ; genetics