Clinically rare with an acute or subacute onset,Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is characterized as autoimmune encephalopathy with elevated anti-thyroid autoantibodies.If timely diagnosed and treated,its prognosis is often fair.Four HE cases admitted from January 2012 to June 2014 were analyzed with a literature review.HE 4 cases had a significantly higher level of thyroperoxidase (TPO) while the lowest increase over four folds.There were cognitive decline,memory loss and even coma.And 50％ had abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) consistent with radiographic lesions.In short,EEG may aid an early diagnosis of HE.

AIM To analyze the effects of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) on c-fos expression and cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), and to figure out the mechanisms of binding GA to angiotensin Ⅱ(AⅡ) receptor. METHODS Primary cell culture of rat VSMC, Northern blot, TdR incorporation DNA assay and MTT assay were used in this study. RESULTS ① GA at both low (1?10 -9 mol?L -1) and high concentration (1?10 -5 mol?L -1) quickly induced c-fos expression in VSMC. Sar-AⅡ(1?10 -5 mol?L -1)inhibited both GA induced and AⅡ (1?10 -5 mol?L -1) induced c-fos expression. GA enhanced AⅡ induced c-fos expression at both low and high concentration in VSMC. ② Low level of GA stimulated the proliferation of VSMC. This stimulatory effect decreased with increasing GA concentration, and changed to be inhibitory at high concentration of GA. Not only did Sar-AⅡ eliminate the stimulatory effect of low concentration of GA on cell proliferation, it also eliminated the inhibitory effect of high concentration of GA. Low concentration of GA enhanced the stimulation of AⅡon cell proliferation, while the inhibitory effect of high concentration of GA on cell proliferation was relieved by adding 1?10 -7 mol?L -1 AⅡ. CONCLUSION This study suggests that GA activates transcription factor c-fos and promotes the proliferation of VSMC. GA may exert its effects on cells through AT 1 receptor since it induces similar changes as AⅡ and its effects can be inhibited by AT 1 receptor antagonist.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of entecavir PLGA sustained-release microspheres,and explore its drug release in vitro. METHODS:PLGA sustained-release microspheres was prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Us-ing composite score of entrapment efficacy and drug loading as indexes,orthogonal test was designed to optimize drug amount, drug-PLGA mass ratio,PLGA mass concentration,oil phase-aqueous phase volume ratio and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentra-tion;and validation test was also conducted. The prepared microsphere morphology,particle size and durg release in vitro were de-tected. RESULTS:The optimized formulation was entecavir 20 mg,entecavir-PLGA mass ratio 1∶10,PLGA mass concentration 200 mg/ml,oil phase-aqueous phase volume ratio 1∶10,and PVA concentration 2%;entrapment efficacy was (86.52 ± 3.25)%, drug loading was(18.36±1.37)%,RSDs were lower than 5.0%(n=3);it was round and smooth in appearance with average par-ticle size of 58.35 μm;Q10 h,Q96 h and Q360 h were 9.6%,42.9% and 89.6%,and the drug release in vitro fitted to Higuchi model (r2=0.965 8). CONCLUSIONS:Entecavir PLGA sustained-release microspheres prepared by optimized formulation has good sus-tained-release performance.

[Objective] To explore the clinical characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of sensory ataxia form of GBS.[Methods] To Summarize clinica1 data of 19 cases with sensory ataxia form of GBS.[Result] The main clinical manifestations were sensory ataxia.The disease relieved and recurred easily and had long course.The protein in CSF increased significantly.Pathological feature was same with general CIDP.Treatment of glucocortieoid was satisfied.[Conclusions] Sensory ataxia form of GBS was one sub-type of CIDP.Pathogenic mechanism was perhaps that immunoreaction attacked proproioceptive sense fibre of radix dorsalis.

Object To determine the content of glycyrrihizic acid obtained when each individual ingredient in MAHUANG DECOCTION was decocted separately and then mixing the extracts with boiling water in comparison with that obtained by decocting the total composition together as a whole in the traditional way. Methods The contents of glycyrrhizic acid was determined by HPLC. Hypersil C 18 column was used, with acetonitrile∶0.1% acetic acid (33∶67) as the mobile phase and detected at the wavelength of 254 nm. Results The average recovery of glycyrrhizic acid when separately decocted was 102.43%, RSD=2.65%, while that of decoction in whole was 99.41%, RSD=3.11%. Conclusion The method was simple and accurate and was not interfered by other constituents in the prescription.

Objective To study the effect of reducing no-reflow after PCI treatment by early using Tirofiban and suction catheter in AMI patients .Methods 76 cases of patients were divided into group A (38 cases) and group B(38 cases) .The group A began to use Tirofiban with suction catheter to aspiration after coronary guidewire entering ,the suction were used in group B when the thrombus burden became exacerbation after balloon dilation .In addition ,chosen 38 cases of AMI patients treated with Tirofiban af-ter balloon dilation as group C .The influence of different treatment options to no-reflow and slow blood flow ,cardiovascular adverse events and the incidence of bleeding were observed .Results Group A compared with other two groups ,the no-reflow and slow flow rate had statistically significant differences (P< 0 .05) ,but there was no statistically significant differencebetween group B and group C(P>0 .05) .After three different surgical treatments ,the incidence of bleeding complications had no significant difference (P>0 .05 .The occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events had statistically significant between A group and C (P<0 .05) ,but there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Three kinds of treatment all have certain effect to reduce no-reflow in emergency PCI of AMI ,but early use of tirofiban with suction catheter in treatment of emergen-cy treatment has great clinical significance to reduce no-reflow .This study provides an effective treatment plan to reduce no-reflow in PCI for AMI .

Graphene ( GN) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNT) composites were coated on glassy carbon electrode ( GCE ) and then poly ( nicotinic acid ) ( PNA ) was electrodeposited on the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of pyridoxine hydrochloride ( VB6 ) was investigated at the modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) and differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV ) . Results showed the oxidation current of VB6 at the GN-MWCNT/PNA/GCE was obviously larger than that at GCE, PNA/GCE and GN/MWCNT/GCE. The oxidation process of VB6 was an irreversible diffusion-controlled process involving one electron and two protons. The liner range between the peak current intensity of DPV and the concentration of VB6 was 0 . 05-200 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 02 μmol/L ( S/N=3 ) . The modified electrode showed a good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 3 . 1% ( n=8 ) . The proposed method was applied to the analysis of vitamin B6 in vitamin B6 tablets and compound vitamin B tablets with recoveries between 96 . 1%-104 . 5%.

Objective To study the relationship between bisphenol A and precocious puberty in 6-8 years girls. Meth-ods Atotal of 103 girls aged 6-8 years with precocious puberty in our Endocrine clinic from August to December 2012 were se-lected. According to the classiifcation standard of precocious puberty, girls are divided into idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group (n=47) and permature thelarche (PT) group (n=56), 53 girls with no puberty development were chosen as control group. BPA concentrations were determined with HPLC-MS-MS, sex hormones were determined with chemiluminescence meth-od and Kisspeptin concentrations were determined with ELISA, then the differences among the three groups were compared and the relationships between bisphenol A and sex hormones and Kisspeptin were analyzed. Results The BPA relevance ratio and concentration in ICPP group were higher than those of PT group and control group (P<0.05). The peak concentration of LH and LH/FSH in ICPP group were higher than those of PT group (P<0.05). The concentration of E2 in ICPP group and PT group were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The concentration of Kisspeptin in ICPP group was higher than that of PT group and control group (P<0.05). There were no relationship between the concentrations of bisphenol A and Kisspeptin and FSH peak con-centration (P>0.05). There were correlations between the concentrations of BPA and E2 and LH peak concentration and LH/FSH (P<0.05). Conclusions There is a certain correlation between the concentrations of BPA and ICPP.

Objective To investigate the levels of trace element in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper in maternal blood of pregnant women of different pregnancy and ages of pregnant women , and its relation to the pregnancy the age of pregnant women. Methods Calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper in serum in 10 131 cases of pregnant women (3 565 cases in the first pregnancy, 6 566 cases in second pregnancy) were measured. All cases (both first pregnancy and second pregnancy) were analysed according to three age periods (less than or equal to 25, 25 to 35 years old, more than or equal to 35). Results (1)Comparing to the cases in second pregnancy, Copper in serum of the cases in first pregnancy was lower, while zinc, magnesium and iron were higher (P < 0.05). But the level of calcium had no difference (P > 0.05). (2) For the cases in the first pregnancy in different age periods, all 5 kinds of trace elements were compared. Only the zinc level in serum in the groups of 25 ~ 35 years old and more than or equal to 35 years old was higher than that in the group of less than or equal to 25 years old (P < 0.05). No difference was found in the rest of trace elements in different age groups (P > 0.05). (3) For the cases in the first pregnancy in different age stages , all 5 kinds of trace elements were compared basis on the age periods. the zinc and iron levels in serum in the groups of 25 to 35 years and more than or equal to 35 years old were higher than those in less than or equal to 25 years old (P < 0.05). No difference (P > 0.05) was found in the other three kinds of trace elements in different age periods. Conclusions (1)There are differences in trace elements, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper, and no difference in calcium in the first and second pregnancy. (2)Trace elements in serum of pregnant women in different age periods are different. (3)According to the characteristics of various trace elements in serum of pregnant women of different pregnancy and age periods, trace elements shall be supplemented to meet the needs of the pregnant women and fetus.

OBJECTIVE:To study the absorption features of Silymarin enteric coated-polyllactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat in situ intestine perfusion model and colonic adenoma Caco-2 cell model. METHODS:HPLC method was used to determine the content of silymarin. The absorption rate constant(Ka)and apparent absorption coefficient(Kapp)of Silymarin sus-pension,Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles were investigated in duodenum,jejunum, ileum and colon of rat in situ intestine perfusion model;the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of those drugs containing low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration(20,40,60 μg/mL)of silymarin in Caco-2 cell model were also investigated. RESULTS:Compared with Silymarin suspension,Ka and Kapp of Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles were all increased in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon(P<0.05);compared with the correspond-ing concentration Silymarin suspension,two-way Papp of Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanopar-ticles containing low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration of silymarin were all increased in Caco-2 cell model (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance between Silymarin PLGA nanoparticles and Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Silymarin enteric coated-PLGA nanoparticles can effectively increase the intestinal ab-sorption,cellular uptake and transmembrane transport rate of silymarin.