Objective:To study the effect of injection bovine retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag)into anterior chamber(AC)in inducing immunological tolerance.Methods:S-Ag was extracted from fresh bovine retina and inoculated into the AC of Wistar rats,One week later,the S-Ag mixed with complete fruend's adjuvant(CFA)was injected into footpad intradermaly.The clinical symptoms and the pathological changes were observed.The IL-4 and IFN-? concentrations in the supernatant of splenic cell culture were measured by ELISA.Results:The incidence of EAU in pretreated group(group A) was markedly higher than that of positive controls(gropu B).There were histopathological changes in all rats with clinical symptoms.The IL-4 level of splenic cell culture in group A were significantly higher than those in group B ( P

Objective To investigate the influence of irbesartan taken before bedtime on morning blood pressure surge and urine microalbuminuria in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Methods Ninety-two patients with uncontrolled hypertension were recruited in this study and their 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profiles were collected for analysis. After irbesartan taken before bedtime, its influence on general blood pressure, morning blood pressure surge and urine microalbuminuria was observed. Results Before irbesartan treatment,the average 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was(140.1 ± 12. 7)mm Hg, the morning blood pressure surge was (45.6 ± 10.8) mm Hg, urine microalbuminuria level was (58.6 ± 3.7) mg/L. After irbesartan treatment,the average 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure decreased to (129. 5 t 11.8) mm Hg (t = 3.18, P ＜ 0.05), the morning blood pressure surge decreased to(14. 2 ±4. 1)mm Hg(t =5.74,P ＜0.01) ,urine microalbuminuria level decreased to(31.7±3.1)mg/L(t =5.24,P＜0.01).Conclusions Irbesartan can effectively reduce the peak morning blood pressure,improve achievement ratio of blood pressure control, decrease urine microalbuminuria level in elderly patients essential hypertension.

Formative evaluation is a medical education evaluation form used to correct its own track in the course of activities so as to get better effect. In the medical education, it can significantly improve the medical students' ability such as active learning ability, relearning ability, ability to master and apply know l edge, ability of scientific thinking and debating, ability of innovation and analysis, ability of association and communication, and so on.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function in the aged patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.Methods Forty patients,aged 65-80 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group DEX).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl and rocuronium.The patients were tracheally intubated.In group DEX,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.03 μg· kg-1 ·min-1 was infused intravenously for 10 min starting from the time point before induction,and dexmedetomidine 0.30μg· kg-1 ·min-1 was infused until 30 min before the end of operation starting from the end of intubation.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.At 1 day before operation (To) and 6 and 24 h after operation (T1.2),venous blood samples were collected for determination of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations.The cognitive function of the patients was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at To,T2,and 48 h,72 h,7days and 1 month after operation (T3-6).Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the serum BDNFconcentrations were significantly increased at T1 in the two groups,MMSE scores were decreased at T2,3 in groupC,and MMSE scores were decreased,and the serum BDNF concentrations were increased at T2 in group DEX.Compared with group C,the MMSE scores were significantly increased at T3.4,the serum BDNF concentrations were increased at T2,and no significant change was found in MMSE scores at T5.6 in group DEX.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine is helpful in improving postoperative cognitive function and in promoting the recovery of postoperative cognitive function,and the mechanism may be related to enhanced production of endogenous BDNF in the aged patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of parotid gland carcinoma. Methods: Eighty-six postoperated patients with parotid gland carcinoma( 7 in stage Ⅰ, 28 in stage Ⅱ, 33 in stage Ⅲ and 18 in stage Ⅳ) were radiated by 60Co ?-ray or linear accelerator X-ray combined with electron beam. All patients were diagnosed by pathology and followed up for more than 5 years. Results: The five year survival rate and the local control rate were 73.3% and 87.2% respectively. Poor prognosis was observed in the cases with the neoplastic classification of undifferentiated carcinoma, sequamous cell carcinoma and malignant pleomorphic adenoma, but the better prognosis was obtained in the cases with acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Poor prognosis was observed in the cases with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of clinical stage. Radiotherapy undertaken in 2 weeks after surgical operation gave higher 5- year survival ratio( 83.8%). The group given 51～60 Gy radiation showed 82.9% of five- year survival rate. Conclusion: The combination of surgery with radiation is effective in the treatment of parotid gland carcinoma.Radiation of 51～60 Gy 2 weeks after operation may result in better prognosis. Neoplastic type and clinical stage are important factors for prognosis.

This is to report the study of degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Enzymatic reactions were terminated by adjusting the solution pH or using membrane bioreactor principle. Earthworm protein concentration change was detected by Bradford method, the degraded state of protein was described with SDS-PAGE technology, and the degraded state of small molecule substances was detected by HPLC. The results showed that earthworm protein degraded completely in artificial gastric juice. High molecular weight protein degraded greatly in artificial intestinal fluid, while low molecular weight protein was not significantly degraded. Small molecular substances degradation did not degrade in artificial gastric juice, while they degraded obviously in artificial intestinal fluid, there is even new small molecule substance appeared. Finally it is concluded that the substance that having therapeutic effects in vivo may be some degraded peptide, amino acid and stable small molecules existed in artificial intestinal fluid.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of p75 gene and apoptosis of cerebrum cells in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Ten type 2 diabetic rats and ten natural rats were used to test the expression of brain p75 mRNA by RT-PCR technique, and the apoptosis of cerebrum cells was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGA).Results The expression of brain p75 mRNA and apoptosis of cerebrum cells in type 2 diabetic rats were higher than that of the natural group.Conclusion The apoptosis of cerebrum cells in type 2 diabetic rats increases, and it is positively correlated with the expression of brain p75 gene mRNA.

Objective : To learn the epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide insights into perfecting hepatitis B prevention and control strategy. Methods: Data pertaining to acute hepatitis B was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions of acute hepatitis B were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The trend in incidence of acute hepatitis B was analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: Totally 8 890 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, with the reported incidence showing a tendency towards a decline (APC=-11.730%, P<0.05). The average annual reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B was 2.42/105. Acute hepatitis B occurred all the year round, without obvious seasonal characteristics. The top three highest incidence rates were reported in Pingxiang City (7.12/105), Ganzhou City (3.12/105) and Fuzhou City (2.87/105). The lowest and highest incidence rates of acute hepatitis B were seen among residents aged under 10 years (0.30/105) and 20-29 years (3.86/105). The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females (3.25/105 vs. 1.55/105, P<0.05). Farmers were predominant population affected acute hepatitis B (5 764 cases, 64.84%). Conclusions The incidence of acute hepatitis B showed a downward trend in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, and the disease predominantly affected young males, farmers. Health education should be strengthened, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage should be promoted.

Objective To discuss the possible reasons of contrast agent reflux during transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy),and in order to provide scientific evidences for reducing the contrast agent reflux.Methods The sonographic features of contrast reflux were observed in the images of 167 infertile patients who underwent TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy, and the association of the incidence rate of the reflux with tubal patency,the types of infertility,endometrial thickness,menstrual clean days,abnormal uterine cavity,the history of intrauterine operations,pelvic operations and ectopic pregnancies were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of the reflux during TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy was 41 .3%.The incidence rates of reflux in unilateral patency and bilateral obstruction were 4.929 and 9.21 5 times of that of bilateral patency respectively.The incidence rate of reflux in the secondary infertility cases was significantly higher than that of primary ones(P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the reflux is associated with the tubal patency,the endometrial thickness and the history of intrauterine operations,and none of the other factors.Conclusions TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy could differentiate the images of reflux better;the proper timing of the contrast examination and avoiding the damage of endometrium would reduce the incidence of the reflux.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve blocks by multiple injections for preemptive analgesia on postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Ninety patients, all genders, ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 35-64, BMI 18-24 kg/m2, undergoing radical operation for esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups (each group 30 patients): group C received general anesthesia, group R received ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve block and group RD received dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for thoracic paravertebral nerve block.Three groups all used intravenous infusion of propofol, refentanyl and inhalation sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance, and PCIA pump started before the end of surgery in 3 groups.Meanwhile, group R and group RD received ultrasound-guided T4-T8thoracic paravertebral nerve blocks by multiple injections on operation side preoperatively.In group R, the mixture of 0.5% ropivacaine 19 ml and 1ml of normal saline was injected, and in group RD, the mixture of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and 19 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine was injected.The analgesia process lasted 48 h after surgery of these 3 groups, and the VAS score was maintained<4 points.When the VAS score was 4 or more points, intravenous injection of morphine 5- 10 mg was delivered. Postoperative PCIA liquid and morphine consumption, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, itching and urinary retention was recorded. Additionally, the occurrences of adverse events about thoracic paravertebral nerve blocks were recorded.Results The dosages of propofol, refentanyl in group R and group RD were lower than those in group G:(7.2 ± 0.6),(6.1 ± 0.5)mg/(kg·h)vs.(8.1 ± 0.5)mg/(kg·h), and there were significant differences(P<0.05).The dosage of propofol in group RD was lower than that in group R: (6.1 ± 0.5) mg/(kg·h) vs. (7.2 ± 0.6) mg/(kg·h), and there was significant difference (P <0.05). Compared with group G, the consumption of PCIA liqud and the usage rate of morphine was reduced in group R and group RD (P < 0.05); the consumption of PCIA liqud and the usage rate of morphine was lower in group RD than that in group R(P<0.05).The rate of nausea and vomiting and itch in group R and group RD was lower than that in group G,and there were significant differences(P<0.05). No significant difference in somnolence showed between three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for target thoracic paravertebral nerve blocks by multiple injections for preemptive analgesia can significantly improve the efficacy of postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy, meanwhile,it can also save the dosage of anesthetic drugs during the operation.