This paper summarizes the nursing experience of 9 very low birth weight infants with catheter-related infections. Among the 132 very low birth weight infants with PICC,9 cases suffered from catheter-related infections. Three cases showed positive results on the germiculture of catheter tip and blood, two cases showed positive result only on the germiculture of blood, and four cases showed negative results on both germiculture of catheter tip and blood. One infant's parent gave up the treatment and eight cases were cured. It is suggested that closely monitoring the signs of infections and taking effective treatment and nursing care as early as possible were the key points of infection control.

Objective Study the value of clinical application of BaiJi and absorbable Gelatin in embolizing uterine myoma together with its effecty, side effect and complication.Methods 21 women with uterine myoma undergoing selective uterine arterial embolization by Seldinger's technique were studied. After retrograde transfemoral introduction of a 5 french catheter, the uterine arteries were successively catheterized. Bai Ji and absorbable Gelatin sponge particles were injected through free flow until devasculariztion. Results Uterine myoma's blood supply came from bilaterial uterine arteries demonstrated by angiography. All the supplying artering images disappeared after the embolization. 3～6 months follow up study showed: a marked reduction in the size of myomata by 38%～90%. Clinical symptoms were improved. There was one failure cas and then underwent uterotomy due to infection. Conclusions The short term effect of using Bai Ji and absorbable Gelatin for embolizing uterine myoma is clinically significant, while long term effects is still wating for research.

This paper summarize the perioperative nursing of 12 newborns with thyroglossal cyst. The preoperative nursing measures focused on prone position,gastric tube feeding,close monitoring of vital signs and tracheal intubation as needed. If the TeSO2 was normal,oxygen therapy was not recommended. After the operation,continuously monitoring vital signs,respiratory care and use of sedatives as needed were carried out. As a result,all of the 12 infants recovered and discharged.

Objective To observe the effects of puhnonary rehabilitation on the symptoms and quality of life of persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods COPD patients were recruited from a hospital and community health centers and given pulmonary rehabilitation in the community.The rehabilitation program included health education and nutrition guidance,medication,breathing exercises,and physical exercise.Each patient was followed up every 4 weeks by telephone.The outcome measures included pulmonary function (FEV1％,FEV1/FVC％),St George's questionnaire (SGRQ),the Medical Research Council scale (MRC),Borg scoring,evaluation of anxiety and depression,the six-minute walk test (6MWT),and an evaluation of nutritional status.All of the patients were observed for one year.Results A total of 85 patients completed the program and were included in the final statistical analysis.There was no difference in FEV1 ％ before and after rehabilitation.Six-minute walking distance improved significantly in statistical terms but the average increase was only from (416.1 ±99.84)m to (437.51 ±116.17)m.The SGRQ scores decreased by an average of 4.8 points after a year of rehabilitation,with significant improvements among the moderately and severely impaired.Incidents of COPD exacerbation also decreased significantly.Patients with a low body mass index had the greatest SGRQ score improvments.Few patients showed depression or anxiety in this research population.Conclusions Pulmonary rehabilitation in the community can improve exercise tolerance and the quality of life for persons with COPD,reducing incidents of acute exacerbation.Patients may benefit from such pulmonary rehabilitation regardless of disease severity.The compliance was good despite the infrequent monitoring.Pulmonary rehabilitation in the community is worthy of more widespread use.

Objective To develop a mouse model of premature ovarian failure (POF) by chemical treatment or radiotreatment. Methods Eighty Kunming mice were divided into four groups, including chemical treatment group that were administered Cyclophosphamide and Busulfan, radiotreatment group receiving 60Co ? ray irradiation, control group and castrated group. To evaluate the animal model, vaginal smears were collected daily for estrous cycle determination, and serum hormone levels and histological changes in ovaries were examined. Results Estrous cycles became irregular after chemical treatment or radiotreatment (P0.05). Compared to control group, ovaries from chemical treatment and radiotreatment groups showed ovarian atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The number of growing follicles and non-atretic primordial follicles was notably reduced (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of Astragalus injection (AI) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) induced injury in cardiomyocytes. MethodsCultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were divided into: control group; H2O2 group, in which cells were treated with H2O2 0.15 mmol/L for 5 h; AI+H2O2 group, in which cells were pretreated with AI (with final concentration of 10, 30， 90 g/L) 30 min before H2O2 treatment; and AI (90 g/L)+L-NAME (20 μg/L). The cardiomyocyte viability was analysed by MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected in culture media. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with laser-confocal-microscopy system. Mitochondrial memberane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis rate were measured with flowcytometry. ResultsCardiomyocyte viability in AI (10,30, 90 g/L) groups were higher than that in H2O2 group (P＜0.05). Compared with H2O2 group, LDH activity and ROS content in AI (90 g/L) group decreased (P＜0.01), NO content increased (P＜0.01), ΔΨm of cardiomyocytes increased (P＜0.05) and apoptosis rate decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with AI (90 g/L) group, after treatment combining with L-NAME, LDH activity and ROS content increased (P＜0.01), NO content decreased (P＜0.01), ΔΨm of cardiomyocytes decreased (P＜0.05) and apoptosis rate increased (P＜0.05). ConclusionAI can protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2 injury by increasing NO content and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ROS.

Objective To understand the development history and current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in children’s hospitals in China during the past 30 years.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted in 20 children’s hospitals,the investigated contents included:basic situation of hospitals, HAI management organizations and professionals,the support of hospital leaders for the management of HAI, training on HAI knowledge,monitoring on HAI,and so on.Results Up to 2015,20 hospitals all set up independent HAI management departments and HAI management committees,46.15%(6/13)of hospitals with more than 1 000 beds were understaffed in HAI management.There were a total of 88 professionals in HAI management in 20 children’s hospitals in 2015,53.41% (n=47)of professionals had bachelor degree,34.09% (n=30)were with intermediate professional title,46.59%(n=41)were nursing staff.Up to 2015,incidences and missing report rates of HAI,antimicrobial usage rates,incidences of HAI in neonates all decreased compared with 2006.In 2015,20 (100.00%)hospitals all carried out monitoring on antimicrobial application,multidrug-resistant organisms,disin-fection and sterilization,and provided personnel protective equipment.In 2015,9(45.00%)hospitals used non-tou-ch faucets in all wards,19(95.00%)hospitals supplied hand-drying paper towel and alcohol-based hand rub in all wards.None of professionals in these hospitals participated in national-level training on HAI for ≥3 times in 1996, professionals in 11 hospitals (55.00%)participated in national-level training for ≥3 times in 2015.Conclusion In the past 30 years,the management of HAI in children’s hospitals in China has basically met the requirement,moni-toring on HAI gradually improved,but allocation of HAI professionals and personnel quality ability still need to be strengthened.

BACKGROUND: Traditional orthodontic anchorage has the disadvantages of discomfort, difficult to control, affecting the appearance, and relying on patient’s close cooperation. Because of short-time clinical research and application, mini-implant anchorage has a great controversy in the orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of mini-implant anchorage in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS:Eighty cases undergoing the orthodontic treatment at the Center of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Yaan People’s Hospital in China from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrol ed in this study. These patients were equal y randomized into test group and control group, which were subjected to mini-implant anchorage or headgear anchorage, respectively. The treatment was continued for 2 years in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the treatment, the successful rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the upper central incisor convex distance difference, inclination angle of the upper central incisor, displacement of the molar, SNA angle, inter-canine width, were significantly better in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). At weeks 4 and 8 after intervention, there was no difference in the expression of osteoprotegerin in the periodontal tissue between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate the mini-implant anchorage method can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy, improve the success rate of treatment, and reduce the incidence of postoperative infections, which has good safety and stability, and has good clinical application value.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs)have been shown to possess the potential to differentiate into oocytes.However,immune rejection and a limited number of donors of BM-MSCs constrain the applications of BM-MSCs.Several studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord matrix stem cells(UC-MSCs)also have an intrinsic ability to differentiate into oocyte-like cells in vitro.OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for UC-MSCs culture and to investigate the in vitro differentiation potential of UC-MSCs towards germ cells.METHODS:Umbilical cord from full-term normal deliveries was obtained in sterile condition.Collagenase I-digested cells were cultured in DMEM.The immunophenotype of cells was determined by flow cytometry.Lipoblasts,osteoblasts and chondroblasts were induced in different condition cultures.The expression of germ cells specific marker in UC-MSCs was determined by reverse transcdption-polymerase chain reaction.Follicular fluid was employed to induce UC-MSCs differentiation into germ cells.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Spindle-like umbilical cord cells were shown and cells in culture were extended to more than 10passages.BM-MSCs-like immunophenotypes were shown:CD29,CD44,CD73(SH3),CD90 and CD105(SH2)were positive;SSEA-4 was weakly positive;CD31,CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR were negative.After UC-MSCs were induced in different condition cultures,lipid droplet-,bone tubercle-,and cartilage tubercle-like structures emerged and the mRNA expressions of specific gene of fat,bone and cartilage were observed.Germ cells markers,OCT4,Stella,Ifitm3,were expressed in UC-MSCs.After induced by 5%,10% or 20% follicular fluid,cells aggregated and oocyte-like structures were observed.Human UC-MSCs could be cultured and amplificated in vitro.UC-MSCs showed immunophenotypes similar to BM-MSCs.UC-MSCs had the potential to differentiate into lipoblasts,osteoblasts,and chondroblasts.Oocyte-like structure was induced in vitro from UC-MSCs with germ cells specific marker.These findings suggest that UC-NSCs have the potential to differentiate into germ cells.

Objective To study the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa)against car-boplation-induced gonadotoxicity in rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups which received carboplation, GnRHa + carboplation, GnRHa and normal saline respectively(n=10 for each group). Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta and the levels of blood follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E<2>) were determined. Both ovaries and uterus of each rat were removed to measure the amount and the maturity of follicles. Body mass and morphological and pathological features of the rats were also observed. Results Compared with that in control group, the body mass of ovary and uterus decreased (P<0.05), and a significant reduction was observed in the number of ovarian follicles at each grade (P<0.05). The levels of E2 significantly lowered (P<0.05) and the level of FSH markedly ascended in group carboplation. Compared with that in group carboplation, the amount of primitive follicles significantly increased in group GnRHa + carboplation (P<0.05), and carboplation showed markedly protective effect on the ovarian and uterine morphological construction of rats. Conclusion Gn-Rha, appliying to preventing the rat reproduction damage in advance, has the certain protective function.