The localization of the ?-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)in 40 cases of colorectal carcinoma was investigated with PAP method.It was found that 9 cases out of the 40 were positive,in which 2 were Dukes' stage A,4 Dukes' stage B and 3 Dukes' stage C,accounting for 7.7%,44.4% and 60.0% of the total number of the corresponding Dukes' staging of this series.The positive cells were mainly situated in the infiltrating portions and distributed in clusters or diffusely.It is suggested that immunohistochemical study of HCG in colorectal carcinoma can be one of the indices in the monitoring of the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal carcinomas.

Twenty cases of osteoblastic sarcoma were studied retrospectively with the stereometric method in order to provide objective morphometric data for the histological grading of the tumor.After standard fixation,embedding,sectioning and hematoxylin eosin staining,the average nuclear volume Vv was determined with the formula as follows;In the formula,Lo stands for the distance between 2 points resulting from the interception of a testing line through a nucleus.It was found that the Vv of osteoblastic sarcoma varied from 85 to 765?m3 and was consistent to the prognosis predicted with the Price's grading of sarcoma.It is believed that the determination of the stereomtric nuclear volume of osteoblastic sarcoma is able to provide an objective criterion for the prognosis of the tumor.

The pattern of immunohistochemical localization of monoclonal antibody MC5 was observed in 215 cases of colarectal adenocarcinoma.It was found that the polarized pattern was predominant in the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas while the deffuse pattern in poorly-differentiated ade-nocarcinomas.Followup study of 133 cases revealed that 5-year sunvival rate was 74.4% in cases with polarized pattern and 36.2% in those with diffuse pattern,a very significant difference between the 2 (P

Purpose:To study the characterics of angiogenesis induced by osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line. Methods:With a tumor model of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM),the angiogenesis induced by OS-732 cell line was observed by a stereo-microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the expression of angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in xenografts of OS-732 cell line on CAM was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results:This cell line was strongly angiogenic, which probably is associated with production of many factors.The new capillaries converging upon the tumor can be observed by a stereo-microscope. Furthermore,under transmission electron microscope, it also can be noted that the new blood vessel consisted of a monolayer of vascular endothelial cells with enlarged fissures,and the basal membrane was not intact. The expression of VEGF and bFGF was positive in xenografts on CAM, and VEGF was expressed at high levels constantly. Conclusions:The new blood vessels induced by tumors have pathologic and physiopathologic characteristics and many angiogenic factors are alm involved in the angiogenic process of OS-732. Furthermore, the application of angiogenic factors as a target in antiangiogenic therapy of osteosarcoma may be useful to improve the prognosis of patients with this disease.

One hundred and twenty cases of osteosarcoma were reported.Re-examination of all the tissue specimens revealed that typical neoplastic osteoid was found only in 83% of the cases.It is now generally accepted that the demonstration of osteoid is not essential for the diagnosis,but the microscopic features of sarcomatous stroma,pheomorphism of osteoblasts,anaplastic giant cells,chondrosarcomatous and fihrosarcomatous tissue are of diagnostic importance.The differential diagnosis between neoplastid osteoid and pseudo-osteoid(fibrillar hyalin-ized collagen)were discussed.Forty-eight surgical specimens were stained with polyclonal actin,monoclonal BMP,vi-mentin,collagen type IV and UEA-1 with immunohistochemical ABC.It was found that when there was combined positive expression of monoclonal BMP,vimentin,collagen type IV,UEA-1 and polyclonal actin,or monoclonal BMP,vimentin UEA-1 and/or polyclonal actin,or monoclonal BMP,vimentin and/or polyclonal actin,it was of diagnostic value.However,the five markers were of no value to distinguish fibrillar hyalinized collagen from osteoid stroma.It is believed that the appropriate combination of the immunohistochemical markers is imperative to promote the accuracy of the pathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma and its differential diagnosis.

Objective　To investigate the effects of anti-VEGF antibody on angiogenesis and on the proliferation and apoptosis of the osteosarcoma OS-732 cells and the vascular endothelial cells. Methods　The effects of polyclonal antibody against VEGF on OS-732 induced angiogenesis were observed by a stero-microscope and light microscope in a tumor model of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Furtheremore, the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells were examined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labelling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical staining by using monoclonal antibody for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results　The number of both the newly formed vessels in the tumor and the tumor population were significantly decreased in the anti-VEGF antibody group as compared with that of the PBS control group. The apoptotic index for tumor cell was higher in the anti-VEGF antibody treated group than that in the negative control group, but the proliferation index was not significantly different between them. At the same time, increased apoptotic cells and decreased proliferation in vascular endothelial cells were also noted. Conclusion　VEGF antibody can inhibit the neovascularization of OS-732, probabaly by the mechanism of inhibi-ting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, further, might be contributive to the apoptosis of tumor cells and result in suppression of tumor growth.

Objective To explore the regulatory effects of IFNs on the expression of MMP - 2 andCath - D in osteosarcoma cell and provide experimental evidence for clinical treatment of osteosarcomametastasis. Methods The changes of MMP - 2 and Cath-D were half quantatively measured by Cell ELISA in a human osteosarcoma cell line OS - 732, treated with IFN - ? and IFN -?. Results The resultdemonstrated that both of IFNs were capable of significantly decreasing their expression (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of anti-VEGF antibody on angiogenesis induced by osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line and tumor growth.

METHODSWith a tumor model on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth by anti-VEGF antibody were observed under a stero-microscope and a light microscope. Furthermore, the proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cells and endothelial cells (EC) were studied by TdT-mediated duTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical staining using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody.

RESULTSVEGF polyclonal antibody administration in tumor-bearing chick embryo resulted in growth arrest of xenografts and a markedly reduction in the new capillaries which converged upon the tumor. The tumor cell apoptotic index was higher in the anti-VEGF antibody treated group than the negative control group, but the proliferation index was not significantly different between them. At the same time, increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in EC were also noted.

CONCLUSIONVEGF polyclonal antibody is able to inhibit the angiogenesis induced by OS-732 obviously, probably by the mechanism of inhibition of EC proliferation and promotion of their apoptosis, furtherly, which may contribute to the apoptosis of tumor cells and result in suppression of tumor growth.

Animals ; Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Bone Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; immunology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; drug effects ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphokines ; immunology ; Microscopy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Osteosarcoma ; therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Objective:To investigate the correlation between Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods:The differential expression profiles of piRNAs in renal tissues of patients with DN (experimental group) and renal tissues adjacent to tumors of patients with renal tumors (control group) were detected by high-throughput sequencing. The biological function of differentially expressed piRNAs was described by gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the serum expression level of target piRNAs in patients with DN. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum target piRNAs and clinical indexes of patients with DN.Results:The results of high throughput sequencing showed that there were 127 differentially expressed piRNAs between DN group and control group, with screening condition of |log 2(fold changes)|≥2 and P<0.05. Among them, there were 99 up-regulated piRNAs and 28 down-regulated piRNAs. The top 5 up-regulated piRNAs were piRNA-hsa-161686, piRNA-hsa-349255, piRNA-hsa-355720, piRNA-hsa-151229 and piRNA-hsa-154959, respectively. The top 5 down-regulated piRNAs were piRNA-hsa-1929960, piRNA-hsa-174194, piRNA-hsa- 148658, piRNA-hsa-172594 and piRNA-hsa-172421, respectively. The PCR verification results of 3 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes with low P values and high expression levels showed that serum expression level of piRNA-hsa-77976 was significantly down-regulated in patients with DN ( P=0.028), which was consistent with that of sequencing, while the expression levels of other genes were inconsistent with the sequencing results or had no statistical significance. Bioinformatics analysis results predicted that significantly differentially expressed piRNAs might participate in the regulation of DN through Rap1, Ras, PI3K-Akt and axon guiding pathways. The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression level of piRNA-hsa-77976 was negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen ( r=-0.584, P=0.028), serum creatinine ( r=-0.637, P=0.014), cystatin C ( r=-0.738, P=0.003) and β2 microglobulin ( r=-0.822, P<0.001), and positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r=0.661, P=0.010). Conclusion:The differential expression of piRNA is closely related to DN, and may be used as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of DN.