Objective To evaluate the CT appearances and diagnostic value of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods The CT signs of malignant obstructive jaundice proved by surgery and pathology in 50 cases were analyzed ,among them ,there were 21 cases of cholangiocarcinoma,15 cases of the head of pancreas, 8 cases of ampullary carcinoma, 4 cases of gallbladder carcinoma and 2 cases of cholangiocarcinoma complicated with gallbladder carcinoma.Results CT features of malignant obstructive jaundice included dilatation of the bile ducts which presented as“soft rattan sign”,other findings were “truncation sign”,“soft tissue mass”,“double duct sign”,lymphadenopathy and ascites .Conclusion CT examination has important value in diagnosing malignant obstructive jaundice. It can supply accurate location and causes of obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gastric tonometer and stomach tube methods for determining gastrointramucosal pH (pHi) during the operation. Methods General anesthesia was induced in thirty patients. After endotracheal intubation,electrocardiography, blood pressure,HR and SpO 2 were monitored . The gastric juice were collected by the gastric tonometer and stomach tube methods to determine the PCO 2 at 30,60 and 120 min following anesthesia respectively, and at the same time the arterial blood samples were taken to measure the HCO- 3 concentration with American Corning automatic blood-gas and eletrolytes analyzer.Intramucosal pH was calculated using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Results Through correlation and regression analysis , there were positive correlations in the pHi determined at three time points between gastric tonometer and stomach tube methods(r=0.699, 0805 and 0792, P

Objective To detemine the effects of ketamine on c-fos gene expression during global myocardial ischemia-reperfusionMethods Forty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group C as control; group CR as ischemia-reperfusion control and group KH,KM and KL treated with ketamine 1?10 -3,1?10 -4 and 1?10 -5mol/L respectively prior to ischemia-reperfusion Total cellular RNA of myocardium was extracted RT-PCR technique was applied to determining cDNA amplification products ?-actin mRNA served as an internal control Densities of DNA bands were quantified using computer image analysis systemResults As compared with the values of group C, c-fos mRNA levels were increased in group CR,KH,KM and KL(P005)Conclusions C-fos gene may involves in molecular modulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial protection Ketamine can effectively depress the expression of c-fos gene in myocardium, the middle and the low concentrations of ketamine are more effective than the high concentrations

Objective To study the protective effects of propofol on isolated rat heart during global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Methods 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and propofol group. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: preischemia, ischemia 30 minutes and ischemia-reperfusion 30 minutes group. The changes in c-fos protein and c-fos mRNA level in isolated Langendorff perfused rat myocardium were assessed by immunohistochemical technique and RT-PCR technique respectively. Results Compared to preischemia subgroup the expression of c-fos protein and c-fos mRNA level in ischemia 30 minutes and ischemia-reperfusion 30 minutes subgroups were higher significantly (P

Objective · To observe the micro-structure changes in rat tooth movement process under different force values through Micro-CT dynamic observation. Methods · Fifteen SD adult male rats at the age of 8 weeks were divided into three groups randomly (n=5), with the left maxillary as the experimental side and the nickel titanium coil springs, fixed between the first molar and incisor where thrust augmentation was conducted respectively by 20, 50 and 100 gf (1gf=0.0098 N) for continuous 14 d to it. Rat scanning in vivo through Micro-CT was carried out at day 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 after force values were loaded on. The root resorption crater volumes and structure parameters for bone trabecula at different time points were measured. Results · Three days after thrust augmentation was conducted, root resorption crater volume for each group had a slight increase and an obvious increase occurred from the 3rd day to the 10th day, and then a slow increase happened 10 d later; from the 7th day to the 14th day, root resorption crater volume for 100 gf stress group was obviously greater than those of the other groups with statistical differences (P<0.05). With time for thrust augmentation passing by, bone volume fraction at the pressure side of alveolar bone decreased gradually and bone trabecula morphology became tiny and exiguous; besides, bone trabecula gap became narrow first and broad afterwards, and trabeculae trended to change from clintheriform to rhabditiform. Furthermore, alveolar bone resorption occurred in each stress group with consistent tendency. Conclusion · Different orthodontic force values all can cause root resorption, which experiences lag phase, rapid phase and stationary phase. Over-loaded orthodontic force induces more root resorption. During the process of the tooth movement, the pressure side of alveolar bones appears reconstruction and absorption, whose variation is not related with force degree.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the whole genome of hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains from Nanchong, Sichuan and Hetian, Xinjiang.Methods:Serum samples of 9 patients with acute hepatitis A were selected for HAV whole genome sequencing. Among them, 3 were from the same outbreak in Nanchong, Sichuan (2006) and 6 were from Hetian, Xinjiang(2016). Nine full length HAV sequences were obtained by viral RNA extraction, reverse transcription, nested PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, neutralizing epitope sites, recombination and natural selection analysis were also performed.Results:Genotyping of HAV VP1-2A region indicated that the 9 HAV sequences all belonged to sub-genotype IA and were divided into four different branches, with 3 Nanchong sequences and 3 Hetian sequences in the same branch. While the whole genome sequence showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homology of 3 Nanchong sequences were 99.99%~100% and 100%, respectively. The difference of nucleotides and amino acids were 0.50%~0.57% and 0.08%~0.17% between 3 Nanchong and 3 Hetian sequences, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid identities of nine HAV genomes were 98.29%~100% and 99.62%~100%, which was closely related to hd9 in China and MNA12-001 in Mongolia (nucleotide and amino acid homology: with hd9 98.60%~99.50% and 99.75%~99.92%; and with MNA12-001 98.45%~99.32% and 99.71%~99.87%, respectively). The 9 HAV sequences did not change at the neutralizing epitope sites, and no recombination events were found. Natural selection analysis indicated that the HAV coding region was subjected to a negative selection.Conclusions:There are many HAV epidemic strains in China; the 9 HAV amino acid sequences were conserved at the major neutralizing epitope sites.

Objective:To establish a rat model of volume-controlled hemorrhage and observe the pathophysiological changes that ensued.Methods:Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to femoral arterial cannulation and hemorrhage for 40% or 50% of total volume. The hemodynamics data and arterial blood gas were collected, and survival after hemorrhage was monitored for 24 hours ( n=8/group). Then lung, liver, intestine and kidney were collected for HE staining after 40% hemorrhage at 4, 8 and 12 hours ( n=6/group). Results:Mean arterial pressure of 40% and 50% blood loss group decreased significantly from (90±5)mmHg and (93±4)mmHg to (40±4)mmHg and (34±4)mmHg ( P<0.05). Heart rate of 40% and 50% blood loss group increased significantly from (330±35) bpm and (336±32) bpm to (478±36) bpm and (490±21) bpm ( P<0.05). Hemoglobin and pH decreased significantly following hemorrhage, while lactate increased. The survival rate of 50% blood loss group was just 12.5% and 40% blood loss group was 100% ( P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the most significant injury was observed in lung and small intestine after 4 hours, in liver after 8 hours and in kidney after 12 hours following hemorrhage. Conclusion:This study established a stable and repeatable volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock model in rat.

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a multi-step process in a bioreactor, which completes hydrolase production, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation. It is considered to be the most promising process for the production of second-generation biofuels because of its simple steps and low cost. Due to the complexity of lignocellulose degradation and the butanol synthesis pathway, few wild microorganisms can directly utilize lignocellulose to synthesize butanol. With the development of synthetic biology, single-bacterium directly synthesizes butanol using lignocellulose by introducing a butanol synthesis pathway in the cellulolytic Clostridium. However, there are still some problems such as heavy metabolic load of single bacterium and low butanol yield. Co-culture can relieve the metabolic burden of single bacterium through the division of labor in different strains and can further improve the efficiency of butanol synthesis. This review analyzes the recent research progress in the synthesis of biobutanol using lignocellulose by consolidated bioprocessing from both the single-bacterium strategy and co-culture strategy, to provide a reference for the research of butanol and other biofuels.
1-Butanol ; Biofuels ; Butanols ; Fermentation ; Lignin/metabolism*