Clinically， the occurrence of the breaking bad news is inevitable. For patients， they not only need to accept and cope with bad news， but also need to inform the bad news to their families with clear thinking and appropriate language， seeking their support and cooperation. This paper analysed the connotation and informing dilemma of bad news， investigated patients’ informing tendencies， as well as evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of three disclosure methods， including concealment， immediate informing， and staged informing. On these bases， a detailed response strategy for patients to inform their families was proposed in three parts， including pre-preparation， mid-articulation， and post-summary. In the initial phase， thorough preparation is essential. During the middle stage， when delivering bad news， use plain language and help family members adjust their emotions. In the final phase， ensure that all information and viewpoints have been fully communicated. In addition， the roles and analysis steps that doctors should play were analysed from their perspective and combined with the degree of doctor-patient trust. Effective informing of bad news is not only about communication skills， but also involves a deep understanding and respect for the psychological needs of patients and their families. Through meticulous preparation， appropriate expression， emotional support， and clear confirmation， communication and trust are promoted to face and overcome difficulties together.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment models are rich and unique, including patient-led decision-making, doctor-led decision-making, and doctor-patient shared decision-making. However, doctor-led decision-making is more common. The connotation of TCM shared decision-making is rich, including not only the smooth flow of information and the encouragement and support of equal participation by patients, but also the discussions on various aspects of diet, exercise, emotions, daily life, physiology, psychology, society, and nature that affect health based on the unique holistic concept of TCM. Integrating "shared decision-making" into the treatment process of TCM can be divided into four steps according to the process of "diagnosis and treatment". TCM shared decision-making has advantages and limitations, requiring both doctors and patients to meet certain objective conditions, and there are also special situations in TCM treatment where shared decision-making cannot be applied. Multiple ways to enhance the decision-making ability of doctors and patients, scientific evaluation and matching treatment plans, development of decision-making aids, and smooth channels for information transmission can all enhance the shared decision-making ability of doctors and patients.

The burden of cardiovascular disease is heavy, the condition is complex, and the clinical decision-making methods are diverse. Taking coronary heart disease and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation as examples, this paper illustrated the shared decision-making framework in cardiovascular disease. Patient participation in diagnosis and treatment decision-making will enhance their sense of control and gain. Strategies to improve the quality of shared decision-making include developing effective decision-making aids, enhancing patients’ risk perception abilities, and empowering patients to enhance their decision-making abilities.