Objective To explore the effect of oral mosapride on gastrointestinal transit time in elderly patients undergoing capsule endoscopy.Methods A total of 61 patients referred for capsule endoscopy during 2010 September to 2012 January were involved in this study.40 patients over 65 years old were prospectively randomized into mosapride citrate group (n=19) or non-mosapride citrate group (n=21).Patients under 65 years old were in control group (n=21).Mosapride citrate group took 10 mg mosapride citrate orally before endoscopy.The gastrointestinal transit time was calculated.Results Gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time of patients over 65 years old were significantly shorter in mosapride citrate group than in non-mosapride citrate group [(48.6± 21.1) minand (64.3±22.4) min,t=2.274,P=0.029; (302.2±67.6) min vs.(347.14±51.18) min,t=2.384,P=0.022].There were on significant differences in gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time between non-older group [(45.4 ± 28.4) min and (284.8 ± 78.3) min] and mosapride citrate group (t=0.407,P=0.686;t=0.751,P=0.457).There was a difference in the image score between medication group and no medication group (4.94±0.63 versus 4.50±0.68; t=2.137,P=0.039) in over 65 years old patients.Conclusions Mosapride may decreased the gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time,improves the capsules endoscopy image quality and testing completion rate.

Objective To investigate the impact and clinical significance of helicobacter pylori (Hp) elimination on ghrelin. Methods Forty patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), 42 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 41 patients with peptic ulcer (PU) and 17 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (CA) were included in this study. All of pa-tients in four groups were Hp-positive. Forty patients with Hp-negative were used as control. The Hp elimination were only performed in CAG,CSG and PU groups. The serum ghrelin and pepsinogen (PG) levels before and after Hp elimination were detected with ELISA assay in CSG, CAG and PU groups. The correlation between PG and glrelin was also detected. The ex-pression of ghrelin in gastric mucosa was detected by RT-PCR. Results Comparing with control group (30.41 ± 8.97), the ghrelin level was increased in PU group (35.42±9.87), but which were decreased in CAG group (18.59±8.19) and CA group (18.33±6.88). There was no significant difference in ghrelin level between CSG group (26.08±9.14) and control group. After Hp elimination, the serum and gastric mucosa ghrelin levels were significantly increased in CSG group (P＜0.01), but both serum and gastric mucosa ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in PU group (P＜0.01). And no significant difference in the level of ghrelin after Hp elimination in CAG group (P>0.05). A positive correlation was found between serum PGⅠ/PGⅡand serum ghrelin level in CSG, CAG and CA groups (r=0.668,P＜0.01). Conclusion Hp elimination has an impact on ghrelin level in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases. The changes of ghrelin level related to PGⅠ/PGⅡ. Ghrelin can be used as one of the indexes of diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in Hp related upper gastrointestinal diseases.

Objective To detect the level of serum fragmented cytokeratin 18 (CK-18 M30) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to explore the relationship between the expression of CK-18 M30 and NASH. Methods 33 healthy people as control group, 24 nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL) patients, and 21 NASH patients were included in this study. CK-18 M30, ALT, AST and GGT were detected in all patients’ vein blood. NAFLD activity points (NAS) was examined in biopsy specimens of NAFL patients and NASH patients. Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the correlations between serum CK-18 M30, ALT, AST, GGT and the NAS of liver tissue in NASH group. Results Serum CK-18 M30 level of healthy control, NAFL and NASH group were (96.557 2 ± 41.226 8)U/L, (104.321 7 ± 45.167 3)U/L, (263.125 5 ± 61.578 1)U/L respectively. Serum CK-18 M30 level in NASH patients positively correlated with both NAS of liver tissue and serum ALT, which correlation coefficient r values were 0.601 5 and 0.420 6. Conclusion The concentration of serum CK-18 M30 could be used as a marker in the diagnosis of NASH.

This study was aimed to optimize dihydromyricetin liposome formulations by orthogonal design in order to study its characterization. Dihydromyricetin liposomes were prepared with thin-film ultrasonic dispersion technology. Formulations of dihydromyricetin liposomes were optimized with entrapment efficiency as the optimized index. The formulation and technology were evaluated by the single factor. Based on this, orthogonal design was made on the screening and optimization of dihydromyricetin liposome. Its morphology was observed by transmission electron micro-scope. Its in vitro drug-release behavior was studied by equilibrium dialysis. The preliminary stability was studied. The results showed that the optimized formulation and technology of dihydromyricetin liposome was when the molar ratio of lecithin and cholesterol was 1:1, the dosage of dihydromyricetin was 4.0 mg. The pH of PBS was 5.0, ultra-sonic time was 3 min. The encapsulation efficiency of dihydromyricetin liposome was 58.1%. Its morphology was small spherical or nearly spherical vesicle with observation in transmission electron microscope. It showed that the in vitro release of dihydromyricetin liposome arrived 76.29% in 48 h. The drug content was still 96.57% of dosage for 30 days at 4oC in the dark place. It was concluded that the optimized formulation and preparation technology of di-hydromyricetin liposome were simple, replicable and stable.

Objective To prepare and study the immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus surface anti-gen (HBsAg)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine. Methods Tr was activated by cyangen bromide and reacted with adipic acid dihydrazide, then HBsAg-TT conjugate was prepared by carbediimide. Conjugate, HBsAg or hepatitis B vaccine was injected subcutaneously into mice. Anti-HBsAg and HBsAg-specific T cell response elicited by these immunogens were assayed. Results New HBsAg-TT conjugate elicited higher levels of anti-HBsAg and HBsAg positive conversion rates after the immunization than did HBsAg alone or hepatitis B vaccine. Conjugate induced mesdy antibodies of the IgG2a subclass, while HBsAg alone or hepa-titis B vaccine mainly elicited anti-HBsAg in the IgG1 subclass. The number of IFN-γand IL-2 secreting T cells induced by conjugate was also significantly higher than that did by HBsAg or hepatitis B vaccine. Con-clusion This study indicated new HBsAg-TT conjugate can induce both stronger humoral and TH1 type of cellular immune response.

Objective To evaluate the significance of serum 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine acid ( 8-OHdG) in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH).Methods Patients or healthy subjects were enrolled at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and the Second People ′s Hospital of Tianjin from May 2013 to December 2015.A total of 41 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were enrolled in the study , including 20 nonalcoholic simple fatty liver ( NAFL) patients and 21 NASH patients whose diagnosis were proven by liver biopsy.The other 32 healthy subjects were studied as controls.Serum 8-OHdG, ALT, AST and GGT were tested.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ( NAS ) and expression of 8-OHdG in liver was investigated between NAFL patients and NASH patients.The correlations between serum 8-OHdG and serum ALT , AST, GGT, and 8-OHdG in liver tissue in NASH group were investigated.In addition , the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve analyses for ALT and 8-OHdG levels were performed in NAFL patients and NASH patients , and the cut-off value was determined.Results Serum 8-OHdG values in healthy controls , NAFL and NASH patients were (0.19 ±0.16) μg/L, (0.22 ±0.16) μg/L, (0.42 ±0.21) μg/L respectively.The serum 8-OHdG and serum ALT, GGT and 8-OHdG in liver tissue were all positively correlated in NASH group with respective correlation coefficient r values as 0.454 7, 0.382 9, and 0.497 6.AUC of 8-OHdG was 0.901 with cut-off value 0.39 μg/L.Its sensitivity was 88.3%and specificity was 81.5%, which were higher than those of ALT.Conclusion The value of serum 8-OHdG would be used as a marker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of abdominal compression in tumor motion and the target volume, and analyze the suitable margins of planning target volume (PTV) for patients treated with lung-SBRT based on 4DCT.Methods:Patients diagnosed with peripheral pulmonary tumor were enrolled. The patients were divided into the whole group, upper-middle-lobe group (group A) and the lower-lobe group (group B). Each patient underwent 3DCT, 4DCT with abdominal compression (4DCT com) and 4DCT with free breath (4DCT free) scans. The GTVs were delineated and IGTVs on these images. PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm, PTV MIP 3 mm were constructed with a 5, 4, 3 mm margin in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) directions and cranial-caudal (CC) directions. Results:The median motion vector with compression reduced by 30.92% in whole group, increased by 3.42% in group A and reduced by 18.80% in group B, respectively. And there were no significant differences of TMA LR, TMA AP, TMA CC and motion vector by the Wilcoxon test ( P>0.05). The median sizes of IGTV MIP com , IGTV MIP free and IGTV10 com, IGTV10 free were 4.01, 5.36 cm 3and 6.59, 7.65 cm 3, with statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.45, -3.14, P<0.01). The median ratio of DI of IGTV CBCT com in PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm and PTV MIP 3 mm≥95% was 100%, 100% and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusions:The patients′ respiratory pattern changed with abdominal compression and abdominal compression is useful in reducing the size of IGTV MIP and IGTV10, which could reduce the target volume and protect the normal tissue. Adding a 4 mm margin to IGTV MIP com based on 4DCT account for respiration in SBRT is a tendency for precise radiotherapy.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Forty male C57BL/J6 mice were divided into normal group,NAFLD group,low dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group with 10 mice in each group.NAFLD mice model was established by feeding with high fat and high sugar diet for 16 weeks.The mice in low-dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group were intraperitonealy injected with Tβ4 at 0.05 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 0.20 mg · kg-1 · d-1,respectively,for eight weeks.The liver function indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level were detected;the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed under optical microscope and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) was evaluated.The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and nuclear factor κB inhibit protein a (IκBa) at the protein level in liver tissue were measured by Western blotting method.The expression of TNF-α in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Mean integral absorbance (MIA) was calculated.T test was performed for groups comparison.Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),γ-glutamine transferase (GGT) and serum TNF-α levels of high dose Tβ4 group were all lower than those of NAFLD group ((28±17) U/L vs.(76±29) U/L,(61±39) U/L vs.(102±56) U/L,(144.1± 48.2) ng/L vs.(187.3±58.8) ng/L,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.52,2.78 and 2.30,all P＜0.05).The NAS of low dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group were both lower than that of NAFLD group (3.7±40.4,2.3±0.3 vs.4.6±0.3),and the differences were statistically significant (t=5.69 and 17.14,both P＜0.01).The relative expression level of Tβ4 protein of NAFLD group was lower than that of normal group (0.2±0.1 vs.1.4±0.6),and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.24,P＜0.01).The relative expression levels of Tβ4 and IκBa of high dose Tβ4 group were higher than those of NAFLD group (1.0±0.3,0.5±0.3 vs.0.2±0.1),and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.00 and 3.00,both P＜0.01).The relative expression level of NF-κB p65 in liver tissue of high dose Tβ4 group was lower than that of NAFLD group (0.6±0.3 vs.1.5±0.7),and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.74,P＜0.01).The MIA of high dose Tβ4 group was lower than that of NAFLD group (0.4±0.2 vs.0.7±0.3),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.63,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Tβ4 can effectively treat NAFLD probably through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.