Pruritus is one of the common clinical manifestations of cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis,primary scle-rosing cholangitis,and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.Potential incentives of itching include bile salts,histamine,progesterone me-tabolites,endogenous opioid substances,and lysophosphatidic acid,according to previous studies.However,the exact pathogenesis of chol-estatic pruritus remains unclear,and the current treatment can only alleviate the symptoms in some of the patients.Novel methods for treating pruritus have been proposed and/or are being studied.The recent experimental and clinical studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of pru-ritus in cholestatic hepatitis are reviewed,in order to improve the understanding and management of cholestatic pruritus.

Objective:To compare the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)before and after treat-ment between Uygur and Kazak nationality patients diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 191 Uygur nationality patients and 184 Kazak nationality patients,who received coronary angiography and were diagnosed as CHD first time, and received measurement of LDL-C concentration.They received CHD secondary preventive treatment for 8~12 months,LDL-C concentration was measured again after treatment,and it's com-pared and analyzed between two nationalities.Results:After treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of total cholesterol (TC)and LDL-C in Uygur and Kazak nationality CHD patients.Compared with Kazak nationality pa-tients,there were significant reductions in levels of LDL-C [(2.74±0.13)mmol/L vs.(2.21±0.17)mmol/L]in Uygur nationality CHD patients (t=3.141,P<0.01).Conclusion:Effect lowering in Uygur nationality patients with coronary heart disease ,especially low density lipoprotein cholesterol is better than that of Kazak nationality.

By clinical observing and summarizing a large amount of data, we found that the regularity of tongue presentation in stroke patient has important clinical significance. In the acute stage, the tongue coating and body of tongue should be observed carefully to tell the seriousness and the tendency of a disease; in the stable stage, the tongue coating and the texture of tongue should be observed carefully to tell progress of diseases; and in the recovery stage the texture of tongue should be observed carefully to judge the changes of Qi and Xue in viscera and prevent the relapse prevention of disease.

Obesity,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus are main risk factors of endometrial cancer.The basis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance may contribute to an increased risk for endometrial cancer according to worldwide researches.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of multidimensional measure for recurrent ab-dominal pain scale(MM-RAP) and test the reliability and validity of it. Methods The Chinese version of MM-RAP was translated and revised and 100 children with recurrent abdominal pain and their parents were surveyed by it. Then the reliability and validity of the scale was tested. Results The teat-retest reliability coefficient of MM-RAP was 0.86. The total Cronbach's coefficient α of the scale was 0.80. Cronbach's coef-ficient α of each dimensions was above 0.70. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was higher correlation between items and its belonged dimensions than that with other dimensions. The results of confir-matory factor analysis indicated the factor structure was similar with the theoretical construction of the in-strument. Conclusions The Chinese version of MM-RAP demonstrated good reliability and validity and was an effective assessment instrument for measuring recurrent abdominal pain of Chinese children.

Objective: By high performance liquid chromatography determination of metronidazole content of different sterilization parameters metronidazole injection, selection of the optimal sterilization parameters. Methods: The Agilent Extend-C18 analytical column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was adopted with the mobile phase of water:Alcohol (80:20) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min; The column temperature was at 30℃; The detection wavelength was at 320 nm, 121℃ 15 min, the content of effective components metronidazole injection in 115℃ 30 min sterilization parameters. Results:The average content of metronidazole determination before sterilization liquid is divided into 101.57%, with excessive killing sterilization after liquid content is 101.47%, determined by the probability of survival after sterilization liquid content of 101.60%. The content of active component of different sterilization parameters of metronidazole and before sterilization contrast difference. Conclusion: The method is fast rapid, convenient, in accordance with the level of risk decision trees screened Metronidazole injection sterilization using terminal over kill sterilization accurate and can be used for the metronidazole in metronidazole injection.

Objective To investigate the effect of “Shuangguyitong acupuncture therapy on serum interleukin-6 of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods Among seventy-three 180～220 g Wistar rats, thirteen were assigned as normal control group (group A) and sixty were induced diabetes by injecting STZ into celiac cavity. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group(group B), “Yitong” treatment group (group C), “Shuangguyitong” acupuncture group (group D) and common acupuncture group (group E). After two courses of treatment, serum IL-6 was tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) . The blood glucose was measured by sugar equipment. Results The high blood glucose of the diabetic rats were lowered significantly in group D and E (P

Objective Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)is one of the most common X-linked recessive neuromuscular degeneration diseases.It is caused by genetic defects of dystropin gene with deletion,duplication,or point mutation that results in clinical muscle fatigue and dystrophy.Usually,gene deletion of one or a few exons of dystrophin accounts for about 55%～65% patients,duplication for about 5%～10% patients and point mutation for 25%.Most of hot-spot deletion mutation of DMD can be detected by multiplex PCR and the point mutation can be detected by PCR/sequencing analysis,however,it remains a challenge to detect duplication.The recently developed MLPA(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification)is an efficient procedure that can accurately analyze the copy number and deletion mutation of whole dystropin gene.Methods A validation for simultaneous detection of entire dystropin gene was performed with two reactions.Both of which detect 39 and half exons of dystrophin gene.Results Nine out of 15 patients with DMD were found to have deletion mutation in different exons of dystrophin gene.Among these 9 patients,7 were found having deletion previously with multiplex PCR for mutation of hot-spot by Peking Union Medical University.Two patients who had not been found deletion by multiplex PCR were shown to have rare deletion at exon 18 or 43 in this study.Conclusions MLPA provides a simple,rapid and accurate method of simultaneously detecting homozygous,heterozygous deletions and duplication mutation in two single reactions for all exons of dystrophin gene,which may be applied into clinical molecular analysis for DMD.

[Objective] To establish a method for the determination of ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B contents in Yixin Tablets. [Methods] High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted. The chromatographic conditions were: 100-fold methanol as solvent, Bonification for 30min, gradient elution on C18 comlumn with acetonitrile and phosphoric acid as mobile phase, the detection wavelength being 320nm. [Results] Ferulic acid had a good linearity in the range of 0.024 32 - 0.729 60 ?g and r=0.999 9; salvianolic acid B had a good linearity in the range of 0.416 8-12.504 0?g and r = 0.9999; the average recovery rate was 100.95% in ferulic acid and 99.35% in salvianolic acid B respectively. [Conclusion] This method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility.

AIM : To explore the effects of DECB (deproteinized extract of calf blood, DECB) on hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury in cultured cardiac myocytes. METHODS : By using cultured myocardial cells as models, thenumber of death cells, beating frequency and the content of LDH were observed after hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury. RESULTS : 0.1 and 0.3 g?L -1 of DECB decreased the number of death cells and the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and restored the cellular beating frequency in the supernatant. CONCLUSION : DECB can protect the cultured myocardial cells against hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury.