ObjectiveTo construct and validate a clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure （CHF），aiming to assist clinical diagnosis and provide tools and methods for individualized treatment of CHF. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with chronic heart failure treated at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group with a ratio of 7∶3. First， the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression analysis was used to preliminarily screen the predictive factors affecting the diagnosis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. Subsequently， the Logistic regression method was applied to conduct a more in-depth and detailed analysis of these factors. Variables with P<0.05 in the results of the multi-factor Logistic regression were carefully selected and included. Based on the regression coefficients obtained from this analysis， a model was constructed， and a nomogram was accurately drawn. Using R software，the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve，calibration curve，and decision curve analysis （DCA） were precisely drawn. These analyses were used to comprehensively evaluate the model from three crucial aspects： discrimination，calibration，and clinical applicability. Additionally， the accuracy，specificity，sensitivity，positive predictive value，and negative predictive value of the model were meticulously calculated to conduct a more all-round and comprehensive assessment. ResultsIn total， 168 cases were successfully obtained in the training group， and 71 cases were included in the validation group. After a thorough comparison， it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. After being rigorously screened by the LASSO-multivariate logistic regression method， dark red tongue，smoking history，cardiac troponin I，and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP） were identified as the influencing factors for diagnosing patients with the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. The constructed model demonstrated an area under the curve （AUC） of 0.812 in the training group and 0.719 in the validation group. The calibration curve showed that the predicted curve of the model was close to the actual observed curve. DCA indicated that the model could provide substantial clinical benefits for patients at the decision thresholds ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. ConclusionThe clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure constructed in this study shows good performance. It has certain application value in clinical practice， which may contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of CHF patients with this syndrome.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of the artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic system, ACR TI-RADS classification and AI+ ACR TI-RADS combined diagnostic performance in benign and malignant thyroid nodules and its guiding significance for surgical treatment.Methods:From Nov. 1, 2021, to Feb. 26, 2022, 349 patients with 605 thyroid nodules who received surgical treatment in Department of Thyroid (Hernia) Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, were selected. There were 95 males and 254 females, male: female=1:2.67, aged 16-78 years, and the nodule diameter was 0.2-5.6 cm. SPSS 26.0 and R studio software were used for data processing. AI diagnostic system, ACR TI-RADS grading and AI+ ACR TI-RADS combined diagnostic efficacy were statistically analyzed, respectively. ROC curve analysis was performed in parallel.Results:The AUC value of AI+ ACR TI-RADS combined diagnosis was 0.900, greater than 0.857 of AI diagnostic system and 0.788 of ACR TI-RADS, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z= 7.631, both P<0.001) . The sensitivity of the combined diagnosis was 95.32%, the specificity was 84.61%, the accuracy was 92.56%, the positive predictive value was 94.69%, the negative predictive value was 86.27%, the missed diagnosis rate was 4.68%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 15.38%, which were better than the other two diagnostic methods. With an excellent coincidence rate with postoperative pathological results ( Kappa=0.804, P<0.001) . The accuracy of combined diagnosis in identifying the maximum diameter of different tumors was 89.58% for d≤0.5 cm, 96.09% for 0.54.0 cm, better than the other two diagnostic methods. Conclusions:The combined application of AI+ACR TI-RADS has a certain primary screening value in evaluating thyroid nodule properties. The combined diagnosis of the two can more effectively determine the benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE To study the quality difference of different specifications of Citri Grandis Exocarpium from different origins，and to provide reference for the orderly development of Citri Grandis Exocarpium industry. METHODS Different specifications [ Citrus grandis ‘Tomentos’young fruit ，Citrus grandis （L.）Osbeck young fruits ，exocarp] of 93 batches of Citri Grandis Exocarpium medicinal materials （decoction pieces ）from different origins [ Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’or Citrus grandis （L.）Osbeck] were taken as samples. The contents of naringin and rhoifolin in samples were determined by HPLC. Through pheatmap parameters of R language ，heatmap was drawn for the contents of naringin and rhoifolin according to origins and specifications （young fruit and exocarp ）. RESULTS Of 93 batches of samples ，the contents of naringin and rhoifolin were 16.52-214.64 and 1.03-10.96 mg/g，respectively. Among different specifications ，the contents of naringin and rhoifolin in the young fruit were the highest （their average contents were 108.96 and 6.30 mg/g respectively ）. Heatmap analysis of R language content showed that the contents of naringin and rhoifolin in Citri Grandis Exocarpium from origin of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’were generally higher than those from origin of C. grandis （L.）Osbeck. Of different specifications of Citri Grandis Exocarpium from origins，the contents of naringin and rhoifolin were higher in KTP young fruit relatively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of Citri Grandis Exocarpium from origin of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’with the young fruit as specification is the best.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infections have raged globally for more than 2 years.China has always adopted scientific and effective prevention and control measures to achieved some success.However, with the continuous variation of SARS-CoV-2 cases and imported cases from abroad, the prevention and control work has become more difficult and complex.With the variation of the mutant strain, the number of cases in children changed, and some new special symptoms and complications were found, which proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.Based on the third edition, the present consensus according to the characteristics of the new strain, expounded the etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and according to the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of effective prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in China.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread globally. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of being infected with the coronavirus and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to the general population. The increasing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Concerted efforts should be put into managing gynecological malignancies in an orderly manner by strictly implementing the measures that are specifically developed for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We have drafted Recommendations on Management of Gynecological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on our experience on controlling COVID-19 pandemic in China. We recommend that patients with gynecological malignancies should be managed in hierarchical and individualized manners in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19. Medical care decision should be balanced between controlling COVID-19 pandemic spread and timely diagnosis and treatment for gynecologic oncology patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) on mucus hypersecretion in the airway of asthmatic mice and explore the mechanism. Methods Female C57bl/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into wild-type control group, wild-type asthma group, Brg1-/-group with Brg1 gene knockdown in type II alveolar epithelial cells, and Brg1-/-+asthma group (n=10). The mice in asthma group and Brg1-/-+asthma group were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic models. PAS staining was used to determine the number of goblet cells and mucus secretion in the airway. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of MUC5AC mRNA in the lung tissues. The levels of mucin MUC5AC and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected with ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of STAT6 and p-STAT6 in the lung tissue were detected using Western blotting. Results Compared with the control mice, wild-type asthmatic mice showed obvious mucus hypersecretion and increased MUC5AC mRNA in the airway with significantly increased IL-13 and MUC5AC levels in the BALF and activation of p-STAT6 in the lung tissues (P<0.05). In the transgenic mice with Brg1 gene knockdown, airway mucus secretion and MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly reduced following OVA challenge compared with those in the wild-type asthmatic mice; IL-13 and MUC5AC levels in the BALF and p-STAT6 expression in the lung tissues were also significantly decreased in the transgenic mice (P<0.05). Conclusion Brg1 gene knockdown in type II alveolar epithelial cells alleviates OVA-induced airway mucus hypersecretion and reduces the expression of MUC5AC in C57bl/6 mice possibly by inhibiting STAT6 activation, suggesting the role of Brg1 in promoting asthmatic airway mucus hypersecretion.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH)D3) and urine vitamin D binding protein(uVDBP) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN),and to determine the relationship between 25 (OH) D3,uVDBP and DN,in order to provide a new method for early diagnosis and treatment of DN.Methods From January 2015 to December 2015,85 DN patients admitted into Weihai Municipal Hospital were selected.According to the ratio of UALB to UCR(UACR),the patients were divided into three groups.Type 2 diabetes had 28 cases of normal albuminuria group,31 cases of microalbuminuria group,and 26 cases of clinical albuminuria group.We also enrolled 25 healthy people who received outpatient service as control group.Serum 25 (OH) D3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence method.Urine VDBP levels were assayed by ELISA.FPG,HbA1 c,UREA,SCr,TC,TG were measured by electrochemiluminescence.Results The results showed that serum 25 (OH)D3 was significantly lower in the normal albuminuria group,microalbuminuria group and clinical proteinuria group than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and there was statistically significant difference among the four groups [(20.04 ± 7.52) ng/mL,(16.54 ± 6.51) ng/mL,(10.77 ± 4.63) ng/mL,(29.65 ± 5.47) ng/mL,F =86.294,P ＜ 0.001].The results showed that uVDBP was significantly higher in the DN group than that in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05),and there was statistically significant difference among the four groups [(8.44 ± 3.20) mg/L,(14.22 ± 3.26) mg/L,(2 1.77 ± 5.87) mg/L,(4.95 ± 1.34) mg/L,F =125.583,P ＜ 0.001].Correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D3 decreased gradually with the increase of DN and negatively correlated with UACR (r =-0.575,P ＜ 0.01),while uVDBP level was positively correlated with UACR (r =0.436,P =0.015).Conclusion With the progress of DN,serum 25 (OH) D3 levels gradually decreased,indicating that 25 (OH) D3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN;uVDBP may be an early diagnostic method for DN.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block combined with general anesthesia when used for modified radical mastectomy. Methods Sixty female patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, aged 45-63 yr, weighing 48-72 kg, scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: thoracic nerve block-general anesthesia group ( group P+G ) , transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block-general anesthesia group ( group T+P+G) and general anesthesia group ( group G ) . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propofol, fentanyl and cisatracurium and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and cisatracurium. Thoracic nerve block typeⅠ and Ⅱ was per-formed after implanting laryngeal mask airway in group P+G. Transverse thoracic muscle plane block was performed after performing thoracic nerve block typeⅠandⅡin group T+P+G. Flurbiprofen 50 mg was in-travenously injected after operation as a rescue analgesic to maintain the Visual Analogue Scale score≤3. The consumption of opioids, emergence time and time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway were recor-ded. Ramsay sedation score was recorded at 10 min after removal of the laryngeal mask airway. The require-ment for rescue analgesia, time of passing flatus and development of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded. Results Compared with group G, the emergence time, time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway and time of passing flatus were significantly shortened, and the Ramsay sedation score, consumption of fentanyl and requirement for rescue analgesia were decreased in P+G and T+P+G groups ( P<0. 05) , and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly decreased in group T+P+G ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group P+G, the time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway and time of pass-ing flatus were significantly shortened, the consumption of fentanyl was decreased ( P<0. 05) , and no sig-nificant change was found in the requirement for rescue analgesia or incidence of nausea and vomiting in group T+P+G ( P>0. 05) . Conclusion Transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block combined with general anesthesia can provide satisfactory perioperative analgesia and is helpful in improving prognosis for the patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.