Post-translational modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers(Ubls) is one of the most important mechanisms regulating a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotes.Previous research showed that,through covalently modification by ubiquitin or ubls,the substrate proteins can be regulated in many different ways like stability,subcellular localization,enzymatic activity,protein-protein interaction and so on.Therefore,we believe,that ubiquitin and ubls play very important roles in cellular and biological processes by modifying plenty of proteins.To better understand the ubiquitin and ubls system,proteomic approaches have been developed to purify and identify more protein substrates.Large-scale idendification of ubiquitin/ubls-modification sites by mass spectrometry is particularly important for understanding the molecular mechanism and function of ubiquitin/ubls modification.Upto the present,more and more scientists are getting interested and participating in proteomics research of ubiquitin/Ubl modifications.This review summarizes the rencent results in this field.

Objective To express the human recombinant SUMO1 protein and prepare monoclonal antibody(mAb) against it.Methods The recombinant expression plasmid pET32a-HIS-SUMO1 was made and transformed into E.coli(BL21),then the recombinant fusion protein HIS-SUMO1 was expressed and purified.The BALB/c mice were immuned with pure protein HIS-SUMO1 as antigen.Monoclonal antibody against SUMO1 was prepared with standard hybridoma technology.The hybridoma cell lines were obtained by ELISA and Western blot screening procedure,the isotype of the mAbs were further identified by immune-double diffusion.Ascites were collected from one propagated hybridoma cell line and mAbs were purified by using the Kit of Millipore.The valence of mAb was detected by Western Blot.Results The recombinant protein HIS-SUMO1 is expressed and purified.Three hybfidmas producing antibodies against SUMO1 were obtained,the isotypes of three mAbs are IgG1,Western blot showed that the antibodies were specific for SUMO1.The antibody purified from the ascites has better specificity.Conclusion The SUMO1 mAb prepared by using recombinant SUMO1 protein as antigen can be used for detectingthe protein sumoylation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semi-circular canal by Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver. METHOD: One hundred and fifty patients with benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semicircular canal were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C. Patients in group A were treated by Epley maneuver and patients in group B were treated by Semont maneuver. Patients in group C were received the treatment of Epley maneuver combined with Semont ma- neuver. We recorded the times of treatments in different groups respectively. Statistics of treatment effects and follow-up studies with 3 months after the recovery were assessed. RESULT: The cure rate of the canalith repositioning on the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment in group A was respective 72% (38/53) and 81% (43/53) and 85% (45/53), in group B was 68% (30/44) and 80% (35/44) and 84% (37/44), in group C was 89% (47/53) and 94% (50/53) and 98% (52/53). The cure rate in group C is significantly higher than group A and group B (χ2 = 6.777, P < 0.05; χ2 = 6.647, P < 0.05). 3 months after recovery 6 patients in group A, 5 patients in group B and 1 patient in group C were relapsed. CONCLUSION By the use of Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver in the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo of posterior semicircular canal, the primary cure rate was increased and the numbers of treatments were reduced and the relapse was decreased. It is suitable to use Epley maneuver combined with Semont maneuver in the clinic.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Patient Positioning ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Posture ; Recurrence ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo

Objective To assess the clinical therapeutic effects and safety of Jiangtang Shuxin decoction (JTSXD) on diabetic patients complicated with chronic heart failure (CHF),and to search for its possible function mechanisms.Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted,80 diabetic patients complicated with CHF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ] admitted into the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) or of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Youjiang National Medical College from October 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled,they were assigned to an observation group and a control group by randomized method with a computer,and finally 77 patients (39 cases in observation group and 38 cases in control group) completed this trial.The patients in control group received standardized routine western medical treatment,while the observation group was additionally administered JTSXD (including ingredients:astragalus 15 g,ginseng 10 g,radix ophiopogonis 15 g,radix rehmanniae 15 g,comus 10 g,rhizome coptidis 8 g,peach kernel 10 g,salvia mitiorrhiza 10 g,magnoliaceae 10 g,yam 15 g) on the basis of conventional therapy.The therapeutic course for all the patients in both groups was 2 months.Before and after treatment,the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was assessed;the TCM syndrome accumulated scores of the two groups were calculated;the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF),the stroke volume (SV),the cardiac output (CO),and the maximum blood flow velocity of early diastolic/atrium late diastolic (E/A) were detected by echocardiography.The serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and plasma B type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);the level changes of total cholesterol (TC),triglyeride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesteral (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesteral (LDL-C) were observed.Results Compared with the control group,after treatment in the observed group,the TCM syndrome score of palpitation,fatigue and thetotal accumulated score were all obviously decreased (palpitation score:0.9 ± 0.4 vs.1.2 ± 0.8,fatigue score:1.1 ± 0.7 vs.1.7 ± 0.8,total accumulated score:4.8 ± 1.2 vs.8.1 ± 1.8,all P ＜ 0.05);the LVEDV,the serum levels of HbA1c,Ang Ⅱ and BNP were also obviously decreased in the observed group [LVEDV (mL):136.28 ± 17.52 vs.158.82 ± 19.03,HbA1c (％):6.11±0.36 vs.6.89 ±0.32,Ang Ⅱ (ng/L):66.48 ± 17.64 vs.84.55 ± 20.39,BNP (μg/L):138.45 ± 87.55 vs.219.14±88.83,all P ＜ 0.05];The 6MWD,LVEF,SV,CO and E/A were all increased plainly in the observed group [6MWD (m):470.47 ± 79.66 vs.428.46 ± 88.56,LVEF:0.51 ±0.05 vs.0.46 ± 0.04,SV (mL):55.36 ± 2.88 vs.50.32±2.76,CO (L/min):5.74±0.91 vs.4.92±0.74,E/A:1.18±0.27 vs.0.83±0.28,all P ＜ 0.05].The degrees of decreased levels in TC,TG,LDL-C and the degrees of increased levels of HDL-C in observed group were superior to those of the control group,but there were no statistical significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion JTSXD shows good therapeutic effect and safety for treatment of diabetic patients accompanied by CHF (NYHA functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ),and its mechanisms may be related to its regulation of glucose (reduction of HbA1c level),correction of lipid metabolism disorders,improvement of myocardial energy supply,inhibition of the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the secretion of BNP.

Precision medicine is to developing the most appropriate individualized treatment for each patient based on the macro to the micro level of individual differences. Genomic, proteomics, metabolomics data, and other big data analysis methods are the essence of precision medicine. Precision medicine brings the hope to overcome cancer. Among all kinds of tumors, lung cancer is the biggest threat to human. hTis paper reviewed the development of precision medicine in the surgical treatment of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSClinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features.

RESULTSLymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients. There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis. 399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity (GGO), differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.

CONCLUSIONSTumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done. For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis. For patients with ground glass opacity ≤ 2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

Analysis of Variance ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the association between human papillomavirus( HPV) and prognosis of lung cancer by meta-analysis. Methods The PubMed,Embase and Cochrane literature databases studies were searched using a combination of subject terms and free words. As of October 2018,a total of 123 related documents were obtained. After screen-ing the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,the basic information of the study,HPV detection methods,lung cancer patients,hazard ratio(HR)values and 95% confidence interval(CI)were extracted from each study. The meta-analysis of random effects models was used to evaluate the correlation between HPV infection and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and I2statistics,and publication bias was tested using Egger′s linear regression test and Begg′s rank cor-relation test. Results The study finally included 11 articles(9 in Asia,2 in Europe and US),and 1439 patients with lung cancer. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed no significant association between HPV infection and prognosis of lung cancer (HR=0. 90,95% CI:0. 71~1. 13). A stratified analysis of lung cancer pathological subtypes showed that the prognosis of patients with HPV-infected lung adenocarcinoma was significantly better than that in patients without HPV-infected lung adenocarcinoma (HR=0. 65,95% CI:0. 49~0. 85). Sensitivity analysis was performed by sequentially removing the included studies,and the results were not statistically significant. The results of Egger′s test(P=0. 708)and Begg′s test(P=0. 784)suggest that there is no publica-tion bias in this study. Conclusion HPV infection may be related to the prognostic of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. More basic and clinical studies are needed to further explore the association between HPV infection and lung adenocarcinoma as well as the corre-sponding mechanisms in the future.

Objective: To investigate the association between tea consumption and lung cancer risk in Chinese males. Methods: Tea consumption and incident lung cancer cases were collected on a biennial basis among males in Kailuan Cohort during 2006-2015. Up to 31st December 2015, a total of 103 010 male candidates from the Chinese Kailuan Male Cohort Study were enrolled in the present study. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between tea consumption and risk of lung cancer in males. Results: The age of male candidates was (51.3±13.4)years old. There were 828 810.74 person-years of follow-up and 8.91 years of median follow-up period. During the follow-up, 964 lung cancer cases were identified. In male, the rate of never cosumers, tea drinkers (<4/week) and tea drinkers (≥4/week) were 58.17%(n=59 926), 24.04%(n=24 765) and 17.78%(n=18 319), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, HR (95%CI) of lung cancer for subjects with tea drinkers (<4/week) and tea drinkers (≥4/week) were 0.80 (0.63-1.02) and 1.02 (0.80-1.30), respectively, as compared with never cosumers. The results showed no significant association with lung cancer. Stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis showed no significant changes. Conclusion Our study has not found that tea consumption is significantly associated with the risk of male lung cancer.

Objective:To explore the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of anatomical partial lobectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 3 336 patients with lung nodules underwent anatomical partial lobectomy in our center from November 2013 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. We set the safety margin distance according to the imaging feature of the lesion. The surgeons then anatomically detached the major vessels and bronchus in this region, resected the targeted lung tissue along the plane, and completed the resection of anatomical pulmonary lobe and clean and sampling of systemic lymph nodules.Results:A total of 668 cases were multiple nodules and 2 668 cases were solitary pulmonary nodules. According to the postoperative pathological results, 283 cases were benign, 1 197 cases were preinvasive lesions (including 38 cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 445 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ and 714 cases of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma), 1 713 cases were invasive adenocarcinoma, 73 cases were non-adenocarcinoma and 70 cases were metastatic carcinoma. Among 1 786 invasive primary lung cancers, 11 cases received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and their postoperative pathologic diagnoses were stage ypIA. Other 1 775 cases who did not receive postoperative neoadjuvant treatment included 1 587 cases in stage ⅠA, 112 cases in stage ⅠB, 3 cases in stage ⅡA, 18 cases in stage ⅡB, 37 cases in stage ⅢA, 9 cases in stage ⅢB, 9 cases in stage Ⅳ. The average operation time was (127.3±55.3) minutes, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was (4.8±2.4) days. The incidence rate of complications (grade>2) was 1.1%(38/3 336), and no death occurred during 30 days after operation.Conclusion:Anatomic partial lobectomy has good clinical applicability, safety and effectiveness, which is worthy of clinical application and recommendation.

Objective To explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . Methods Clinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features.Resulst Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients.There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis.399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity ( GGO ) , differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis ( all P<0.05) .Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Conclusions Tumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done.For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes≥1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis.For patients with ground glass opacity≤2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.