Objective: To learn the status and influencing factors of development among infants at ages of 0 to 36 months in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for promoting healthy development of infants. Methods: Infants at ages of 0-36 months who underwent physical examination in Child Health Clinic of Xiaoshan District Community Health Service Center were selected in 2022. General data of infants and their mothers were collected through questionnaires, and the development status of infants was screened by Age and Stages Questionnaire (third edition). Factors affecting the development status were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 519 infants were investigated, including 1 339 males (53.16%) and 1 180 females (46.84%). There were 608 infants with abnormal development of at least one functional area of communication (CM), gross motor (GM), fine motor (FM), problems solving (CG) and personal-social (PS). The abnormal rate was 24.14%, and the abnormal rates of the above functional areas were 9.77%, 6.59%, 7.98%, 6.39% and 9.33%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (male, OR=1.563, 95%CI: 1.191-2.052), mother's childbearing age (≥35 years, OR=1.411, 95%CI: 1.001-1.988), mother's educational level (lower than junior college, OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.116-1.912) were factors affecting abnormal development of CM; preterm birth (OR=2.323, 95%CI: 1.315-4.103) was factors affecting abnormal development of GM; gender (male, OR=1.654, 95%CI: 1.225-2.232) was factors affecting abnormal development of FM; gender (male, OR=1.511, 95%CI: 1.086-2.102) and mode of delivery (cesarean section, OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.060-2.010) were factors affecting abnormal development of CG; gender (male, OR=1.340, 95%CI: 1.019-1.763) and birth weight (low birth weight, OR=1.985, 95%CI: 1.149-3.432) were factors affecting abnormal development of PS. Conclusions The rate of abnormal development among infants at ages of 0 to 36 months in Xiaoshan District is 24.14%. Gender, preterm birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, mother's childbearing age and mother's educational level could affect the development status of infants.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for death within one year after non-operative treatment of hip fractures in the elderly.Methods:Clinical data of 83 elderly patients with hip fractures treated non-operatively from March 2012 to March 2017 who had met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion were included.They were divided into the death group and the survival group according to whether they had died within one year after non-operative treatment.Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to screen risk factors for death within one year after non-operative treatment.Results:Of the 83 patients, 26(31.3%)died within one year, including 10(38.5%)from pulmonary infections and 6(23.1%)from acute myocardial infarction.Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, walking ability before a fracture, number of comorbidities, coronary heart disease and COPD each had a significant impact on the death of patients within one year after receiving non-operative treatment( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(≥76 years old)( OR=12.704, P=0.001), COPD( OR=5.870, P=0.042)and coronary heart disease( OR=7.451, P=0.007)were independent risk factors for death within one year after non-operative treatment. Conclusions:The mortality is as high as 31.3% in elderly patients with hip fractures within one year after non-operative treatment.The main cause of death is pulmonary infections.Age(≥76 years old), COPD and coronary heart disease are independent risk factors for death within one year after non-operative treatment.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative cardiorespiratory complications within one month after operative treatment of hip fracture in the elderly. Methods Data of clinical examination ,samples test ,CT or MRI images were collected in 665 hip fracture patients aged 60 years and over who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Risk factors for postoperative cardiorespiratory complications within one month after operation were analyzed by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results The incidence of postoperative complications in cardiovascular system was 4.5% (30/665)in all patients.The risk factors for postoperative circulatory complications included gender ,high white blood cell(WBC)counts before operation ,hypoalbuminemia ,a low hemoglobin level (＜ 35 g/L ) ,renal insufficiency , hyponatremia ,pulmonary arterial hypertension ,segmental ventricular wall abnormal motion ,abnormal ST segment changes. The incidence of postoperative complications in respiratory system was 6.9% (46/665)in all patients. The risk factors for postoperative respiratory complications included high WBC counts before operation ,hypoalbuminemia ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD ) , bronchiectasis and emphysema ,history of respiratory failure and abnormal lung markings (P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The elderly hip fracture patients have high incidence of postoperative respiratory and circulatory complications , and risk factors for these complications include accompanying diseases ,hypoalbuminemia ,abnormal echocardiography and electrocardiogram and hyponatremia.

Objective To investigate the causes and prognosis of conservative treatment for hip fracture in the elderly. Methods The 47 elderly patients undergoing conservative treatment for hip fracture were recruited and retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from July 2014 to June 2017. The causes of conservative treatment and corresponding therapeutic methods were analyzed ,and hip joint function ,complications ,survival situation at 12-36 months after fracture were followed up. Results A total of 47 hip fracture patients aged(80.0 ± 7.2)years(range ,63-92 years)with 25 females and 22 males included 30 cases with femoral neck fractures and 17 cases with intertrochanteric fractures.Details of prognosis of treatments in all (100% )patients followed for 12-36 months after fracture were as follows :(1 ) In treatment methods ,43 patients were treated with bed-rest immobilization after discharge from hospital and 4 patients were rehospitalized for surgery due to pain and intolerance of long-term bedridden. (2)There were 40 patients with three comorbidities or more , accounting for 85.1% of the total.11 cases had surgical contraindications.27 cases choose conservative treatment due to the high risk of surgery.9 cases gave up surgery due to psychological or economic reasons. (3)In complications and death ,complications were found in 43(91.5% ,43/47)patients with conservative treatment ,including pneumonia(37.2% ,16/43 cases ,)and bedsore(51.2% ,22/43 cases). (4)In fracture healing and hip joint function ,among the 43 patients receiving conservative treatment , hip fractures were not healed in 31 patients ,and fractures were malunited in 12 patients. Hip Harris score was poor in 31 cases and fair in 12 cases. The mortality rate within 1 year after fracture is high in the elderly hip fracture patients with conservative treatment and complication incidence rates are also high.Most of them have poor function recovery of hip joint ,and clinical results are not good. Conclusions The elderly hip fracture patients with conservative treatment have a high rate of complications and mortality within 1 year after fracture.Most of them have poor hip joint function recovery.

Objective To observe the efficacy of long-term treatment with Teriparatide on osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly.Methods T he elderly patients w ith osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. They received proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)surgery with the combined intakes of calcium of 600 mg/day and 1-alpha ,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 analogs of 0.5 μg/day as a basic standard treatment protocol(BSTP).The study subjects included control group(n= 10)who underwent PFNA surgery plus oral calcium and vitamin D supplements without teriparatide (20 μg/d) ,and the observation group who received PFNA surgery plus oral calcium and vitamin D supplements with teriparatide (20 μg/d) , for more than twelve months or over at our department from October 2012 to February 2016. Gender ,age ,socio-demographics and clinical values of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA )score ,fracture types ,preoperative serum albumin level ,preoperative BM I ,bone mineral density 1 week postoperatively ,serum N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen(β-CTX)1 week postoperatively were matched between the two groups , no statistically significant difference was found(all P＞0.05).Levels of PINP and β-CTX 3 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively ,BMD 1 year postoperatively ,fracture healing time and complications were compared between the two groups. The prognosis of 1 case of patient undergoing conservative treatment was observed. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in serum levels of PINP and β-CTX 1 week postoperatively(P=0.362 and 0.517 ,respectively).Serum level of PINP was significantly increased in observation group at 3 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively versus at 1 week postoperatively(P= 0.008 ,0.001 and 0.004 ,respectively) ,while serum level of PINP had no significant difference in control group at 3 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively versus at 1week postoperatively(P＞ 0.05).Serum levels of PINP 3 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively were higher in the observation group than in control ( P= 0. 002 ,0. 002 and 0. 000 ,respectively ). In the observation group ,serum β-CTX level reached the peak at 6 months after surgery ,which was higher than that at 1 week after surgery(P=0.041) ,and slowly decreased at 12 months after surgery.In the control group ,β-CTX slowly increased at 3 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively versus at 1 week postoperatively ( P ＞ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in BMD of lumbar spine and contralateralhipbetweenthetwogroupsat1weekpostoperatively(P=0.440and0.325).At1year postoperatively versus at 1 week postoperatively ,the BMD of lumbar spine and contralateral hip was increased(P=0.039 and 0.009)in the observation group ,while was decreased(P＞ 0.05)in control group. The fracture healing time was shorter in observation group than in control group (13.6 ± 2.2 weeks vs.17.6 ± 3.4 weeks ,P=0.033).No one had a delayed fracture healing in observation group and 1 patient showed a delayed fracture healing in the control group. There were no complications such as lag screw sliding ,refracture ,pressure ulcer and deep vein thrombosis in both groups. The fracture nonunion was found in the patient undergoing conservative treatment after 20 months of teriparatide treatment. Conclusions The medium-and long-term of teriparatide treatment can significantly promote bone formation ,improve BMD of the lumbar spine and hip ,and shorten fracture healing time in patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture ,but it is not a substitute for surgical treatment.

Objective:To analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly inpatients with osteoporotic femoral neck fractures(OFNF).Methods:Clinical data of 1 227 patients with OFNF treated at the department of orthopedics of Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, including 377 male and 850 female patients.Ten-year trends in the OFNF constituent ratio, patient age, average length of stay and hospitalization expenses were examined, and differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between different genders were analyzed.Results:From 2010 to 2017, the constituent ratio of OFNF patients increased each year, and the number of OFNF patients decreased slightly in 2018 and 2019.The age of onset in both male and female patients was the highest at the ages of 80-89(46.8% or 574/1 227). In the distribution of educational level, people with no education made up the highest proportion(36.7% or 450/1 227). The seasonal distribution of the disease was the highest in autumn(27.8% or 341/1 227). The constituent ratio of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas(54.6% or 670/1 227 vs.45.4% or 557/1 227). In the distribution of fracture types, the constituent ratio of 31-B2 fractures was the highest in both male and female patients.Of the causes of injury, the constituent ratio of falls and indoor activities was the highest.Hypertension, spinal degenerative diseases and knee and hip osteoarthritis ranked in the top three of concomitant diseases.The constituent ratio of previous fractures in females was significantly higher than that in males.In the past ten years, the average hospitalization length of OFNF patients showed a downward trend, and the change in average hospitalization cost showed abrupt fluctuations.From 2009 to 2016, the hospitalization cost showed an upward trend, with the highest in 2016, and then decreased year by year. Conclusions:In the past ten years, the number and constituent ratio of OFNF patients increased steadily in the first eight years, but decreased slightly or reached a plateau in the past two years.The education level, history of bone fractures, hypertension, spinal degenerative diseases and knee and hip osteoarthritis of OFNF patients were correlated with sex, while age distribution, seasonal distribution, urban and rural distribution, cause of injury, fracture classification and other concomitant diseases were not correlated with sex.In the past ten years, the average hospitalization length of OFNF patients trended downward, the average hospitalization cost showed an upward trend from 2009 to 2016, and decreased year by year after 2016.The medical policy reform in 2016 played a significant role in controlling medical expenses.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 2 054 elderly patients with hip fracture aged 60 years and over who were admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.The epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures were analyzed from the aspects of age, gender, fracture type, length of stay, surgical method and surgical complications.Results:The total number of hip fractures patients admitted from 2011 to 2020 showed a general upward trend in quantity.Among them, there were 1 177 femoral neck fractures(57.3%, 1 177/2 054), and 877 intertrochanteric femoral fractures(42.7%, 877/2 054)with statistical differences in the distribution of fracture types between patients at different ages( χ2=61.727, P<0.001). A total of 1 839 patients chose surgical treatment, accounting for 89.5% of the total number of patients.Artificial femoral head arthroplasty was the most common operation mode for patients with femoral neck fractures(783 cases, 75.4%).534 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures(66.8%)were treated with closed reduction and femoral intramedullary nailing.There was a statistically significant difference in operation modes among different fracture types( χ2=1 480.800, P<0.001). The length of hospital stay in patients with femoral neck fracture was(14.2±8.3)days, which was significantly longer than in patients with femoral neck fracture(13.2±10.9)days( t=2.417, P=0.016). There was no significant difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups[(5.7±3.5)days vs.(5.4±3.3)days]( t=1.954, P=0.051). Among all the comorbidities of hip fracture patients, the top 5 diseases were cardiovascular system diseases(2 001 cases, 97.4%), nervous system diseases(1 105 cases, 53.8%), endocrine system diseases(814 cases, 39.6%), skeletal and muscular system diseases(623 cases, 30.3%), digestive system diseases(472 cases, 23.0%).1 485 patients(72.3%)had 3 or more comorbidities. Conclusions:Hip fractures in the elderly have some epidemiological distribution characteristics in terms of age, gender, length of hospitalization, injury mechanism and comorbidities, which is conducive to further improve the prevention and treatment strategies for hip fractures and promote the rational allocation of medical resources.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of hip fractures in patients aged 90 and over.Methods:Clinical data of hip fracture patients aged 90 years and older admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into a surgical treatment group and a conservative treatment group according to treatment received.Mortality and walking function 30 days and 1 year after injury were followed up.The mortality and walking function 1 year after injury in the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed, and related factors affecting the 1-year mortality rate of the surgical treatment group were analyzed.Results:Eventually 114 cases were included, with 18 in the conservative treatment group and 96 in the surgical treatment group.There were no significant differences in age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score, comorbidities, fracture type, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin and coagulation function at admission, walking ability before injury, and length of stay between the two groups(all P>0.05). Of the 18 conservatively treated patients, 9 died within 1 year(50.0%). Among 96 surgically treated patients, 20 died within 1 year(20.8%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ2=6.789, P=0.016). Among the 9 patients who survived 1 year after injury under conservative treatment, 1(11.1%)was able to walk independently, 2(22.2%)were able to walk with a walker, and 6(66.7%)were unable to walk; Among the 76 surviving patients 1 year after injury under surgical treatment, 16(21.1%)were able to walk independently, 50(65.8%)were able to walk with a walker, and 10(13.1%)were unable to walk.There was a statistically significant difference in walking ability between the two groups( χ2=20.030, P<0.001). Univariate analysis results showed that ASA score, walking ability before injury and total protein were correlated with 1-year mortality after injury( χ2 or t=5.803, -2.176, 29.400, all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the inability to walk independently before injury was an independent risk factor for death within 1 year after injury[ HR(95% CI)=15.95(4.42-57.55), P<0.001]. Conclusions:The prognosis of surgical treatment of hip fractures in patients aged 90 and over is better than that of conservative treatment.The inability to walk independently before injury is an independent risk factor for death within 1 year after injury.

Objective:To analyze the risk factor of postoperative delirium in the elderly hip fracture patients.Methods:A total of 1051 patients with hip fracture aged 60 years and over, admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into a postoperative delirium group(n=156)with 56 males and 100 females, 81 femoral neck fractures and 75 intertrochanteric fractures, and the control group(n=895)with no delirium, receiving the corresponding treatment in the same period.The complications, laboratory tests, fracture types, operation methods, the time from fracture to operation, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion were compared between the two groups.Risk factors of postoperative delirium in the elderly hip fracture patients were screened using the binary multi-factor logistic regression analysis.Results:Of the 1 051 patients, 156 cases(14.8%)delirium occurred.There was no significant difference in fracture type and operation methods( P>0.05)between the 2 groups.The age was significantly older in the observation group(82.9±6.6)years than in the control group(79.9±7.2)years.The serum albumin before operation(37.1±2.9)g/L, creatinine clearance rate(52.4±22.2)ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group[(37.8±3.8)g/L, (59.0±30.0)ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1]( P<0.05). The past dementia rate was higher in delirium group[19.8%(31 cases)]than in control group[2.2%(20 cases)], with statistically significant difference( χ2=89.503, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with more than two medical diseases was higher in delirium group[51.9%(81 cases)]than in control group[40.3%(361)]( χ2=7.320, P<0.01). There were no significant differences(all P>0.05)between.the two groups in hemoglobin, white blood cell, serum K and Na, American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade, and the incidences of Parkinson's disease, pulmonary diseases and cardiovascular diseases(all P>0.05). The binary multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, past dementia and kidney dysfunction were the risk factors for the postoperative delirium in the elderly hip fracture patients(all P>0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of postoperative delirium in the elderly hip fractures patients is high.Age, past dementia and kidney dysfunction are the risk factors for postoperative delirium in the elderly hip fracture patients, which should be prevented and improved preoperatively.

Objective:To evaluate our self-designed stick supporting reposition which was used to treat irreducible intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 138 patients with irreducible intertrochanteric fracture (an observational group) who had been treated by stick supporting reposition followed by intramedullary nailing at Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital between April 2015 and December 2019. They were 45 males and 93 females with an age of (79.9±8.2) years; by AO classification, there were 25 cases of type 31-A1, 98 cases of type 31-A2 and 15 cases of type 31-A3. The other 142 patients with irreducible intertrochanteric fracture were included as a control group who had been treated by open or limited open reduction and intramedullary nailing between January 2010 and March 2015. The 2 groups were compared in terms of reduction time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction quality, fracture union time and complications.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference between them in preoperative general data or follow-up time ( P>0.05). The reduction time [(12.0±3.4) min], operation time [(64.1±6.5) min], and intraoperative blood loss [(228.0±40.0) mL] in the observational group were significantly less than those in the control group [(18.3±8.9) min, (72.3±11.2) min and (319.1±95.0) mL] ( P<0.05). The reduction quality in the observational group (82 excellent and 56 acceptable cases) was significantly better than that in the control group (63 excellent, 65 acceptable and 14 poor cases) ( P<0.05). The fracture union time for the observational group [(3.8±0.9) months] was significantly shorter than that for the control group [(4.0±0.9) months] ( P>0.05). There were 6 cases of internal fixation failure and 8 cases of hip varus deformity in the control group, but no such complications occurred in the observational group. Conclusion:In the treatment of irreducible intertrochanteric fractures, compared with open or limited open reduction, our stick supporting reposition may shorten operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve quality of fracture reduction.