Immune tolerance refers to the specific non-response or negative response of T and B lymphocytes to antigens.According to the period of formation,immune tolerance can be classified into central tolerance and peripheral tolerance.Immune tolerance to hepatitis B virus (HBV) after HBV infection is considered a major cause of chronic HBV infection.This article briefly reviews the roles of HBeAg,functional defects of dendritic cells,low response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes,T helper cells and cytokines,variations of HBV genotype and genome,and host gene polymorphisms in the development of immune tolerance in chronic HBV infection,as well as related research advances.

Objective To analyze the effect of TSH inhibition on soluble interleukin 2 receptor ( sIL-2R), interleukin 44 variant 6 (CD44V6), tumor specific growth factor (TSGF) and T lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients with thyroid cancer.Methods 50 elderly patients with thyroid cancer in our hospital were collected.The patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, 25 cases in each group, patients in the experimental group were given TSH suppression therapy after surgery , patients in control group were given thyroxine replacement therapy after operation, treatment for 1 month, serum SIL-2R, CD44v6, TSGF and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets situation were detected in all patients with .ResuIts After treatment, compared with the control group, ①in the experimental group, the level of serum sIL-2R was significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);②the serum CD44V6 level was lower in the experimental group (P<0.05);③the serum TSGF level was lower in the experimental group (P<0.05);③in the experimental group,the levels of CD3 + and CD4 +were higher, levels of CD8 + were lower ( P<0.05 ) .ConcIusions TSH suppression therapy can reduce senile thyroid cancer patients serum SIL-2R, CD44v6, TSGF and CD8 +lymphocyte level, peripheral blood T lymphocyte CD3 +, CD4 +levels were elevated,and improve the immune function of patients , the clinical has guiding significance .

Objective To investigate hepatic pathohistological changes(including pathology,HBV markers in liver tissue)in patients with KBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B after adefovir therapy for 1 year.Methods 35 patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B were administered with 10mg adefovir once a day for one year.The needle biopsy of liver were performed before and after treatment.The routine HE stained liver tissue sections were evaluated and Knodell pathological score were done.HBsAg and HBeAg in liver tissue were examined by immunohisochemisty method.Results After 1 year,18,17 and 11 cases had a significant reduction of their total hepatic HAI score,necroinflammation and fibrosis score.The immunohistochemistry examination showed HBeAg in liver decreased significantly,but HBsAg had no obvious alteration.Conclusion Significant improvement in both necroin flammation and fibrosis can be obtained in the majority of patients treated with adefovir for 1 year.More significant improvement in live histology can be obtained after extended treatment.

Objective To explore the relationship between hospital service culture model and the satisfaction degree of employees.Methods To build a hospital service culture model through qualitative and quantitative research and make it into the hospital service culture questionnaire and use the satisfaction scale to investigate and analyze the sample.Results The hospital service culture model conforms to the standard modeling, which consists of a sense of belonging, sense of achievement, ability development, self-reconciliation, humanization, effective communication, effective performances and win-win.These eight factors have significant positive correlations with the employee satisfaction (P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that the 8 factors on employee satisfaction prediction coefficient was between 0.062~0.241 (P<0.05 or P<0.01, P<0.001).Conclusion The sense of belonging, sense of achievement, development ability, self-congruity, humanity, effective communication, efficiency and win-win in hospital service culture have become positive predictors in different degree and range of employee satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of uric acid nephropathy.Methods Twenty male SD rats were divided into control group(group C) and model group(group M).The model rats with uric acid nephropathy were made using adenine.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of NF-?B and MCP-1 in 18 days and the serum uric acid and renal fuction were measured respectively.Results In comparison with group C,the expressions of NF-?B and MCP-1 in the rats of group M were significantly increased(all P

In this study, 116 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were followed up for 3 years. The results showed that the incidences from diabetes and coronary heart disease in acarbose treatment group were less than those in the control group.

Objective:To investigate the effect of PLTP gene on CSE-induced IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelial cell line (HBECs). Methods:Wistar rats were exposed to air or cigarette smoke for 6 hours/day on 3 consecutive days,then the lungs were sectioned and examined. The number of total white blood cell and differential white blood cells in BALF were counted. The different concentrations of CSE co-cultured with HBECs for 24 hours. Cells growth was detected by MTT assay. Expression levels of PLTP mRNA and IL-8 mRNA were examined by RT-PCR,protein of PLTP was investigated by Western blot,and production of IL-8 ex-amined by ELISA. Results:The number of white blood cells in BALF was significantly increased compared with controls. Enhanced ex-pression level of PLTP and IL-8 were observed in CS-exposure group. Proliferation of HBECs tends to decrease at high concentrations of CSE(2. 0% CSE and 4. 0% CSE). The results suggested that the production of IL-8 induced by CSE in a time- and concentration-dependent manner,while the expression of PLTP induced by CSE in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore,expression levels of IL-8 significantly increased after silence PLTP gene. Conclusion:PLTP siRNA could increase CSE-induced IL-8 production in HBECs.

This study designed a studio English classroom which was based on foreign nursing jobs related language.It included high-frequency words,foreign nurse-patient dialogue,and European and American nursing video which was foreign patients’ nursing procedures oriented.The studio classroom was characterized as interactive internet platform.It provided a complete system for input and output in English language,and motivated students to learn nursing English.Therefore,it improved students’ professional verbal competencies.

Objective To examine the effect of oral external suction on environmental pollution of microorganism in dental clinic.Methods Aerobe was counted na observation index of air contamination and air sample of the area leveal 1m and 2.5 m,hight 1m,which using oral cavity collectors of aspirator or not was collected by the method of sedimentation.Results The datum of the group with oral cavity collectors of aspirator was much lower than the group without it.Conclusion Environmental pollution from tooth treatment in dental clinic can be reduced by using oral extemal suction.

Objective To investigate the effects of tetanic stimulation of peripheral nerve on intracranial direct electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in patients undergoing cerebral functional area operation. Methods Eight patients undergoing elective brain tumor resection under propofol-fentanyl anesthesia with partial neuromuscular blockade were enrolled in the study. Both conventional MEP (C-MEP) monitoring and posttetanic MEP (P-MEP) monitoring were performed throughout the operation for each patient, and the two groups of data were recorded. For one group, direct electrical stimulation with a train of five pulses was delivered to motor cortex and pyramidal tract, C-MEP was unilaterally recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis, and P-MEP was obtained 1 s after tetanic stimulation (frequency 50 Hz, intensity 50 mA, duration 5 s) to the ipsilateral tibial nerve.For the other group, direct electrical stimulation with a train of five pulses was delivered to motor cortex and pyramidal tract, C-MEP was unilaterally recorded from the tibialis anterior, and P-MEP was obtained 1 s after tetanic stimulation (frequency 50 Hz, intensity 50 mA and duration 5 s) to the contralateral tibial nerve. Randomized crossover method was used for C-MEP and P-MEP recording in each group, with an interval of 120 s. The adverse effects were observed. Results Amplitudes of P-MEP from the abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior were significantly higher than those of C-MEP. Three patients had body movement during intraoperative cortex stimulation, while there was no awareness during operation and other electrical stimulation-related nervous system impairment and complications. Conclusion The application of tetanic stimulation of peripheral nerve before direct electrical stimulation can augnent the amplitudes of MEP from the abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior in patients undergoing cerebral functional area operation.