The distributions of estrogen receptors in preoptic region of hypothalamus, anterior lobe of pituitary gland, mammary gland, thymus and liver of LACA and C57 BL strains of mice were studied by ~3H-estradiol and autoradiography in frozen sections.In both strains of mice, labelling index (LI) was more than 85％ in preoptic region of hypothalamus and anterior lobe of pituitary gland, and average number of silver grains (AG) was more than 19. LI and AG of epithelial cells of mammary glands in LACA strain of mice were quite high, 96％ and 12 respectively; but in C57BL strain of mice were only 5％ and 5 respectively. A few hepatic cells and lymphocytes of thymus were labelled.According to the above results the reason of why mammary carcinoma of female LACA strain of mice and adenoma of pituitary gland of C57BL strain of mice could 15e easily induced by estrogenic hormones (estradiol valerate and hydroxyprogesterone caproate, EP), but no mammary carcinoma was induced in C57BL strain of mice by EP, and this can be partly explained by the presence of a large or few number of estrogen receptors. However, the presence of estrogen receptors was only a prerequisite but not a unique condition. Other factors should be considered, because many more estrogen receptors were present in preoptic region of hypothalamus of both strains of mice and anterior lobe of pituitary gland of LACA strain of mice, but few or no tumors could be induced by EP.

Studies were carried out on the incidence of SCE and chromosomal aberrations in primary cultured cells of mouse embryo exposed to ~(60)Co-? rays and/or treated with chemical carcinogen——benzopyrene.Result shows in the cultured cells exposed to ~(60)Co-? rays at 50 rads, as compared wtih controls there was no statistically significant change in the frequencies of the appearance of both SCE and chromosomal aberrations, In the cells, however, exposed at 300 rads, the frequencies of SCE and chromosomal aberrations were about 1.3 and 24 times higher than that in the unirradiated controls respectively. In the cultured cells treated with 0.05?g of benzopyrene per millilitre of culture medium, the frequency of SCE were increased by about 1.8 times of that of the control group, while the change of chromosomal aberrations had no statistical significance.From the above results, it was suggested that SCE was proved to be a sensitive indicator for evaluating the effects of chemical carcinogens. There is a remarkable difference existing between the frequencies of SCE and chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens. The difference seems to have a certain relation to their differences in carcinogenic mechanism and effects on carcinogenesis.It was noted that there are some advantages to utilize primary cultured cells of mouse embryo as target cells.

4 female Wistar rats,weighing 287.5?21.7 gms,about 7～7.5 months old,were used.Using ~3H-TdR and ~(14)C-TdR as labels, double labelling method was employed. The dose of ~3H-TdR used was 1 ?Ci/gm body weight and that of ~(14)C-TdR used was 0.125 ?Ci/gm body weight. Bone marrow smears of both femurs were made and autoradiographs were coated with No. 4 liquid nuclear emulsion.The following results were obtained:In erythropoietic series: Nc/N_H=5.0?1.0, LI=62.3?17.9％, MI=3.4?1.9％. According to the above figures, by calculation, we obtained the cell cycle time and the duration of 4 phases as follows: TG_1≤4.3 hrs,Ts=5.0 hrs, TG_2≥1.0 hr, Tm=0.4 hr and Tc=10.7 hrs.In neutrophilic granulopoietic series: Nc/N_H=3.9?0.9, LI=45.3?5.3％, MI=3.3?1.4％. According to the above figures, the following parameters of the cycle. were obtained as follows: TG_1≤5.6 hrs, Ts=3.9 hrs, TG_2≥1.0 hr, Tm=0.4 hr and Tc=10.9 hrs.There was no obvious difference of Tc between the erythropoietic series, and theneutrophilic granulopoietic series in rats, but significant difference of Tc between them in mice.

By using double labelling methods with ~3H-TdR and ~(14)C-TdR, autoradiographs were prepared in young (40 days old) and in old (16 months old) male LACA mice and in adult (7～7.5 months old) female Wistar rats to observe the cell cycle time and relevant parameters of dorsal skin and both testes.The following results were obtained:1. In young and old mice, duration of cell cycle (Tc) and relevant parameters of epidermis were as follows respectively: labeling index (LI)=1.0 and 1.5％; mitotic index (MI)=0.4 and 0.4%; duration of DNA synthesis (Ts)=3.5 and 4.2 hours; Tc=20.3 and 17.5 days.In adult female rats, they were 3.0%, 0.3%, 4.7 hours and 8.3 days respectively. Tc of rat epidermis was obviously shorter than that of mouse epidermis (P0.50).

Objective To explore the characteristics of narcissism in a sample of violent criminal and analyze the relationship between narcissism and impulsive-premeditated violent aggression.Methods A total of 88 violent criminal were administered by means of cluster random sampling with the Chinese version of the Impulsivepremeditated Aggression Scale and the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire.Results (1) Comparing with the impulsive violent criminal,premeditated violent criminal had higher level of Overt narcissism,and the difference was statistically significant(59.77±10.89,54.67±10.15; P＜0.05).(2) Overt narcissism had significantly positive correlation with premeditated aggression(r=0.560; P＜0.01) ;and covert narcissism had significantly positive correlation with impulsive aggression(r=0.440; P＜0.01).(3)The authority and self-admiration traits of overt narcissism had significantly positive prediction to premeditated aggression(β=0.442,P＜0.01;β=0.297,P＜0.05);The vulnerability trait of covert narcissism has significantly positive prediction to impulsive aggression(β=0.526,P＜0.01).Conclusion Overt narcissism can result in premeditated aggression;Covert narcissism can result in impulsive aggression.

Objective In order to investigate the roles of hIGF\|1 in treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic syndromes,the gene of human insulin like growth factor type Ⅰ(IGF\|1) was cloned and constructed into eukaryotic expression vector,then the expression and activity were determined. Methods Total cellular RNA of human fetal liver was abstracted and the RT\|PCR amplification of the cDNA fragment was performed.The fragment was cloned into pUCM\|T vector and sequenced.The eukaryiotic expression vector was recombined and transfected into fibroblast cell line,COS\|7.The expression of hIGF\|1 was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.The effect of hIGF\|1 on cultured islet cells was observed by glucose\|stimulated insulin release assay. Results The cDNA fragment of 710bp with additional Kozak sequence was amplified by RT\|PCR.Eukaryiotic expression vector pCI\|neo/hIGF\|1 was constructed and IGF\|1 gene expressed in COS\|7.The biological activity of hIGF\|1 was proved by increasing inslin secretion from islet cells.Conclusion\ The newly constructed vector,pCI\|neo/hIGF\|1 could be transfected into COS7 cells and its expressed product showed to have the biology activity of hIGF\|1.\;[

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors associated with macrovascular disease in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. MethodsAccording to arterial intima-media thickness(IMT)measured by color duplex ultrasonography,232 cases of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups:one group were 95 cases with macrovascular disease(MD),and the other group were 137 cases without macrovascular disease (non-MD).Then various clinical data between the two groups were compared and the correlated risk factors for macrovascular disease were analyzed. Results (1)95 patients(40.9%)showed macrovascular disease in 232 patients.(2)Age,BMI,SI,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,TC,LDL-C,CRP and 24h UmAlb were significantly higher in MD group compared with those in non-MD group(all P＜0.05);But ISI was significantly lower in MD group compared with that in non-MD group(P＜0.05).(3)Pearson correlation analysis showed that risk factors were old age,BMI,smoking,higher systolic blood pressure,higher diastolic blood pressure,TC,LDL-C,CRP and microalbuminuria. ConclusionMacrovascular disease was related to many factors.It was important to control some risk factors earlier for preventing the happening and progress of macrovascular disease.

Objective:To analyze clinical and histopathological characteristics of infantile congenital melanocytic nevi (ICMN) .Methods:Clinical and pathological data were collected from 126 infants with confirmedly diagnosed congenital melanocytic nevi in Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital from January 2015 to January 2020, and were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was used for comparisons of enumeration data.Results:Among the 126 patients with ICMN, 68 were males and 58 were females; 109 (86.5%) presented with skin lesions at birth; 73 (57.9%) were 2 - 3 years old at the first clinic visit. The skin lesions occurred on the head and face (76 cases, 60.3%) , trunk (24 cases, 19.1%) or extremities (26 cases, 20.6%) . There were 36 (28.6%) patients with small congenital nevi, 68 (54.0%) with M1-type medium-sized nevi, 13 (10.3%) with M2-type medium-sized nevi and 9 (7.1%) with giant nevi. Of 126 cases of ICMN, 121 (96.0%) had solitary lesions, 5 (4.0%) had multiple lesions, 44 (34.9%) had nevi with coarse hairs, 15 (11.9%) had nevi complicated by papules or hyperplastic nodules, and 6 (4.8%) had satellite lesions. Pathological subtypes included compound nevus (120 cases, 95.2%) , intradermal nevus (4 cases, 3.2%) , and junctional nevus (2 cases, 1.6%) . Under the microscope, the depth of the skin lesions was < 1 mm in 38 (30.1%) cases, 1 - 2 mm in 61 (48.4%) and > 2 mm in 25 (19.8%) , and 45 (35.7%) cases showed nevus cells infiltrating the subcutaneous fat layer or deeper tissues. Among the 126 ICMN lesions, common pathological features included nevus tissue maturation (100%, 2 cases of junctional nevi were excluded) , pigment granules in the stratum corneum (53 cases, 42.1%) , disordered/asymmetric distribution of nevus cells (80 cases, 63.5%) , scattered epidermal nevus cells (91 cases, 72.2%) , pagetoid spread of epidermal nevus cells (67 cases, 53.2%) , melanophages in the dermis (71 cases, 56.4%) , and nevus cells distributed along hair follicles/sebaceous glands (82 cases, 65.1%) . Special pathological features included nevus cells embedded in the vascular/lymphatic vessels (42 cases, 33.3%) , nevus cell lysis (45 cases, 35.7%) , fibromatous changes (25 cases, 19.8%) , involvement of the arrector pilli muscles (31 cases, 24.6%) , and mast cell infiltration (30 cases, 23.8%) . Pathological patterns of ICMN with different clinical features: the incidences of infiltration depth > 2 mm, pigment granules and columnar pigment granules in the stratum corneum were significantly higher in the giant nevi than in the small and medium-sized nevi ( χ2 = 7.93, 10.76, 5.89 respectively, all P < 0.05) ; the incidences of infiltration depth > 2 mm, epidermal spongiosis with scattered nevus cells, nevus cell nests distributed along the hair follicles/sebaceous glands, fibromatous changes and mast cell infiltration were significantly higher in the skin lesions with coarse hairs than in those without ( χ2 = 28.29, 8.11, 6.22, 7.92, 8.19 respectively, all P < 0.01) ; the incidences of pagetoid spread of epidermal nevus cells and atypical nevus cells were significantly higher in the skin lesions with papules/hyperplastic nodules than in those without papules/hyperplastic nodules ( χ2 = 4.92, 6.30 respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusions:The clinical and histopathological characteristics of ICMN are unique, and atypical nevus cells are common in ICMN. The diagnosis and treatment of ICMN need to be based on the combination of clinical and pathological characteristics.

Objective To test whether the changes of partial end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) during passive leg raising (PLR) predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock.Methods Forty-two mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock admitted from January 2012 to November 2012 were prospectively recruited.Hemodynamic parameters monitored by a pulse indicator continuous cardiac output(PiCCO) device and PETCO2 monitored by an expiratory-CO2 device were studied at baseline,after PLR,and after volume expansion.Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac index (CI) of 15％ or greater after volume expansion.The correlation between PLR-induced CI change (△CIPLR) and PETCO2 (△PETCO2-PLR) was analyzed.The value of △PETCO2-PLR to predict fluid responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study,of whom,24 had a CI increase of ≥ 15％ after volume expansion (responders).After PLR,CI and PETCO2 were both significantly increased in the response group compared with baseline [(21.4 ± 12.9) ％ of CI and (9.6 ± 4.7) ％ of PETCO2,P ＜ 0.05],while no significant changes were observed (P ＞ 0.05) in the non-response group.Both △CIPLR and △PETCO2-PLR were significantly higher in responder group than in the non-responder group (both P ＜ 0.05).△CI and △PETCO2 after PLR were strongly correlated (r =0.64,P ＜ 0.05).In responders after PLR,the area under ROC curve of △PETCO2-PLR was 0.900 ± 0.056 (95％ CI 0.775-1.000,P ＜ 0.05).An increase of ≥ 5％ in △PETCO2-PLR predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 88.0％ and specificity of 88.2％.Conclusions The change of PETCO2 induced by passive leg raising is a non-invasive and easy way to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock.

Objective To analyze epidemic status and influencing factors for the poor vision of the students in Henan in 2014 and to provide the scientific basis of more targeted myopia prevention strategies.Methods The data of 34 886 students aged 9 to 18 who were involved in the students'physical fitness survey in Henan province in 2014 was used to analyze epidemic status and influencing factors for the poor vision.Results The prevalence rate of myopia among Henan students was 62.5％.In addition,high school was higher than middle school which was higher than primary school.Girl was higher than boy,and urban was higher than rural.Through the unconditional logistic regression,having breakfast three to five times a week,eating eggs three to five times a week,drinking milk unusually,doing exercise over two hours a day,and watching TV over two hours a day were the protective factors for poor vision,of which the OR were 0.850,0.883,0.864,0.830,0.738 respectively.Correspondingly,the 95％ CI were 0.776-0.931,0.813-0.960,0.812-0.920,0.722-0.955,0.681-0.799.While sleeping less than seven hours,PE class one time a week or less,refusing to run longdistance,doing homework over two hours,and playing the e-productions over two hours were the risk factors of which OR were 1.100,1.091,1.100,1.375,1.155 respectively.Correspondingly,the 95％ CI were 1.009-1.199,1.017-1.172,1.024-1.183,1.287-1.469,1.072-1.244.Conclusions The rate of the myopia among the students in Henan is still severe.There are multifarious factors related to poor vision.Therefore,much more targeted measures should be taken to prevent poor vision from developing.