OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the concentration determination of vitamin A(VitA)in human serum,and apply it in healthy volunteers and hepatocirrhosis patients. METHODS:After liquid-liquid extraction,serum sample was deter-mined by HPLC. Using VitA acetic ester as internal standard,the separation was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (98∶2,V/V) at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The wavelength was set at 325 nm,and the column temperature was room temperature. The sample size was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of VitA were 0.012 4-3.210 μg/ml(r=0.997 2,n=5),and the limit of quantification was 0.012 4 μg/ml. Inter-day and intra-day RSD ranged 1.66%-2.97%;sample re-coveries were 98.18%-99.56%;extraction recoveries were 89.59%-91.38%. Average blood concentration of VitA were(0.71±0.08)μg/ml in 24 healthy volunteers and (0.28 ± 0.06)μg/ml in 24 hepatocirrhosis patients. There was statistical significance in average blood concentration of VitA between healthy volunteers and hepatocirrhosis patients in different age groups (P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the concentration determination of VitA in serum of healthy volunteers and hepatocirrhosis patients.

Objective To investigate the influence of salmeterol with fluticasone on airway inflammation of patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 40 COPD patients in the stage of acute exacerbation were randomly divided into salmeterol with fluticasone group( A group) and controll group (B group).Bronchial alveolar lavage( BAL) was performed as usual.The concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were measured by ELISA.The results were compared with that of 18 healthy volunteers.Results The levels of IL-8 and TNF-a in BALF of patients in A group(10.60 ± 1.42) μg/L, (14.80 ± 2.05) μg/Land B group( 10.77 ± 1.98) μg/L, (14.70 ± 2.03) μg/L were significantly higher than that of C group (3.40 ±0.65)μg/L, (4.67 ± 1.01) μg/L( all P <0.01) ;Before treatment,the levels of IL-8 and INF-α in BALF of A group( 10.60 ± 1.42)μg/L,(14.80 ±2.05) μg/L and B group( 10.77 ± 1.98) μg/L,(14.70 ±2.03) μg/L had no significant differences (all P > 0.05) ,and the concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-a in BALF in group A (4.39 ± 0.92)μg/L,(5.84 ±1.26) μg/L were significantly lower than that in group B(9.69 ± 1.43) μg/L, (12.88 ± 2.51) μg/L after two weeks treatment ( all P < 0.01).Conclusion Salmeterol with fluticasone could inhibit airway inflammation of COPD patients in the stage of acute exacerbation.

ObjectiveTo established a cell line that expresses hBD1 stably,and detected the antimicrobial activity of the hBD1 to the muhidrug resistant bacterial strains.MethodsRecombinant plasmid was introduced into COS-7 cells by lipofectamine,cells were selected in culture medium containing G418 to acquired the monoclonal cell lines,total RNA were extracted from the cultured cells,expression levels of hBD1 mRNA was identified by RT-PCR,collected the supernatant solution of the cultured cell,expression levels of protein was identified by Western blot.Put the expression products and resistant organisms mixed together,after incubation in different times in 37℃,coating the mixtures in LB flat,then obtained the ratios between colonies number of experimental groups and colonies number of control groups,put those ratios as the survival rate of the drug resistance bacterias.Results The monoclonal cell lines had obtained after screened with G418,the hBD1 gene could be detected both at transcriptional and protein levels,Under the influence of expression product hBD1,survival rate of muhidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae could reduced to 9%,22% and 50%,but survival rate of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is not have apparente difference with the control group.ConclusionThe stably-transfected cell line of hBD1 was successfully constructed,and the expression products of hBD1 showed the antimicrobial activity toward multidrug resistant bacterial strains.

Objective To evaluate the clinical performance of CLINITEK Atlas urine dry chemistry analyzer and its supplementary strips,which could be used for other hospitals as reference.Methods Five hundred and one samples of random fresh urine were collected and analyzed by CLINITEK Atlas urine dry chemistry analyzer.10 parameters were reported for each sample,including SG,pH,BLD,LEU,PRO,GLU,KET,UBG,BIL and NIT.According to the medicals standard of the People's Republic of China,General Technical Requirements for Urine Analyzer(YY/T 0475-2004),General Technical Requirements for Chemical Reagent Strips for Urinalysis(YY/T 0478-2004)and physical,Chemical and Microscopic Examination of Urine(WS/T 229-2002),the precision,accuracy,carryover,stability,sensitivity and consistency of each parameter were evaluated.The agreement was assessed between the results for BLD and LEU obtained from CLINITEK Atlas analyzer and phase contrast microscope,and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of CLINITEK Atlas analyzer for BLD and LEU using phase contrast microscope as the gold standard.SG and pH test was performed among 200 specimens by CLINITEK Atlas analyzer,and then compared with the results obtained from MASTER-SUR-NM specific gravity refractometer and pH precision test strips respectively.In addition to SG and pH,the other eight parameters were compared with the results obtained from CLINITEK 500 urine analyzer,and Kappa value and consistency were calculated.Results The accuracy,precision,sensitivity,carryover and stability of 10 parameters could meet all the requirement of standards.SG and pH had good correlation with urine specific gravity refractometer (r =0.9838,P ＜0.001)and pH meter (r =0.8884,P ＜0.001),respectively.Compared with phase contrast microscope,BLD and LEU had coincidence rates of 90.4％ and 90.8％,respectively; Sensitivities were 90.7％ (301/332) and 83.3％ (200/240) ; Specificities were 89.9％ (152/169) and 97.1％ (255/261).Compared with CLINITEK 500,all the parameters,except for SG and pH,had good coincidence rates of ＞ 87.6％.Conclusion The performance of CLINITEK Atlas urine dry chemistry analyzer can meet the clinical requirements of all standards.

Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of acitretin on the apoptosis and expressions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HaCaT cells.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations (10-5,10-64,10-7,10-8 mol/L) of acitretin for various durations,with those cultured in acitretin-free medium serving as the control group.Then,CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of cells after 24-,48-and 72-hour treatment,flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis of HaCaT cells,and Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR to quantify the protein and mRNA expressions of IGFBP7 and VEGF in HaCaT cells,respectively,after 48-hour treatment.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was inhibited by the treatment with acitretin,and the inhibitory effect increased with the elevation of concentration and prolongation of treatment duration of acitretin.A significant decrease was observed in the proliferative activity of HaCaT cells treated with acitretin of 10-8 mol/L for 48 hours,and when the concentration of acitretin was 10-5 mol/L,the proliferation of HaCaT cells was inhibited by 39.94％ ± 2.27％ and 49.77％ ± 1.87％ at 48 and 72 hours respectively,compared with the control cells.The HaCaT cells treated with acitretin of 10-5 mol/L for 48 hours showed a significant elevation in apoptosis rate (7.617％ ± 0.767％ vs.1.803％ ± 0.313％,P ＜ 0.05),IGFBP7 protein and mRNA expressions (0.939 ± 0.040 vs.0.436 ± 0.013,0.872 ± 0.079 vs.0.190 ± 0.056,both P ＜ 0.05),but a significant reduction in VEGF protein and mRNA expressions (0.213 ± 0.032 vs.0.798 ± 0.036,0.274 ± 0.041 vs.0.933 ± 0.054,both P ＜ 0.05) in comparison to the control cells.Conclusions Acitretin can induce the apoptosis of HaCaT cells,and up-regulate IGFBP7 but down-regulate VEGF expressions in HaCaT cells at protein and mRNA levels.

Objective To observe the effects of ketamine on the patients with depression re-ceiving modified electric conulsive therapy (MECT).Methods Sixty patients with depression were randomly divided into ketamine group and propofol group (n =30 each group).Atropine 0.5-1.0 mg, propofol 1.0 mg/kg or ketamine 0.8 mg/kg i.v.were given before MECT,Scoline 0.7-1.0 mg/kg i. v.was given after the eyelash reflex disappeared.Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)was completed after the 2 nd ,4 th and 6 th MECT,the time of convulsion,twitch index,energy percentage, respiratory recovery time and adverse reactions were recorded.Results The total score of HAMD was significantly decreased with the increasing times of MECT in both groups,compared with propo-fol group,ketamine group's HAMD total score decreased faster,especially after the 4th MECT,the score decreased significantly in ketamine group (P <0.05).The time of convulsion,twitch index,en-ergy percentage, respiratory recovery time, adverse reactions all had no statistical significance between the two groups.Conclusion Compered with propofol,ketamine,as an anesthetic of MECT, can effectively lower the score of HAMD.

Objective To compare the differences of platelet(PLT) count between the optical method (PLT‐O) and electrical impedance method (PLT‐I) ,using microscopic method (PLT‐M) as a standard method ,and to analyze the alarm information of in‐strument .Methods Both of PLT‐O and PLT‐M of 468 cases of patient specimens were detected by Sysmex XE‐2100 automatic hematocyte analyzer ,and which were compared with PLT‐M .The counts and morphology of red blood cells and platelets were de‐tected by microscopic method .The alarm information of red blood cells and platelets were recorded .Results In non‐hematopathy group ,there was no significant difference among PLT‐M ,PLT‐I and PLT‐O (P=0 .071) .In hematopathy group ,PLT‐I was signifi‐cantly different from both PLT‐M and PLT‐O (P<0 .05) ,however ,there was no significantly difference between PLT‐M and PLT‐O (P>0 .05) .There were 149 cases occurring platelets alarm and 127 cases occurring red blood cells alarm in hematopathy group , which was consistent with the results of microscopic method .Conclusion When the value of PLT is below the normal reference range ,counting error of PLT‐I is large and the value of PLT should be rechecked or corrected using PLT‐M and PLT‐O .Re‐exam‐ination should be performed when alarm information is displayed .

BACKGROUND: Geriatric depressive disorder is a common psychological disorder in elderly people, and it can lead to the decline of various organic functions, and it also does great harm to elderly people and their family.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors of depressive disorder in retired cadres and people, so as to provide basic evidence for enhancing the mental nursing in retired cadres and people and reducing the prevalence of geriatric depressive disorder.DESIGN: A sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Nursing, North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Between August and December 2002, 1 000 retired cadres and people living in the urban area of Tangshan city were investigated. There were 574 males and 426 females, aged from 60-88 years, the average age was 67.04 years, 851 of them were married, 10 were divorced and 139 had lost their spouses: the educational level was primary school and below in 159 cases, junior middle school in 362 cases, senior middle school in 280 cases, university and above in 199 cases.METHODS: The elderly people were investigated with the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and individual general information inventory by means of family visit. The investigative purpose and methods were introduced to the subjects before the investigation, and they all signed the informed consent, the form of without recording name was used. The strictly trained investigators were qualified by examination, which ensured the concordance of the investigative results. The pretesting was performed before the investigation to detect whether there were words,sentencesand items hard to understand, so as to avoid the information bias. The questionnaires were filled by the elderly people themselves or by the investigator if there was any difficulty for the elderly people in writing according to the their choice after reading the questions for them.in retired cadres and people of different age, gender and educational level:ferent marriage status.RESULTS: Totally 1 000 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 000 valid der was obviously higher in females than in males (27.0%, 18.6%, P ＜ 0.05).ple with the educational level of primary school and below, junior middle school, senior middle school, university and above were 33.9%, 22.1%,20.0%, 16.1% respectively, and it was decreased with the elevation of emarkedly higher in retired people than in retired cadres (25.4%, 13.6%,higher than in those having or had lost spouse (50.0%, 21.2%, 26.6%, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive disorder is higher in retired cadres and people. More attentions should be given to the mental health care and social support of retired cadres and people, especially for the divorced ones.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on excitatory aminoacid (EAA)and inhibition of amino acid(IAA)in cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF)of patients undergoing in-tracranial tumor surgery,and to explore the cerebral protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery.Methods Sixty patients aged 18-64 years old,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,weighing 50-90 kg un-dergoing elective intracranial tumor surgery were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D)and control group(group C).Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused before anesthesia in-duction for more than 10 minutes and pumped continously with 0.2-0.7 μg·kg-1·h-1 in group D, while in group C midazolam 0.03-0.05 mg/kg was injected followed by intermittent administration of 0.03-0.05 mg/kg.BIS value was maintained between 40-50.MAP and HR was recorded at the time points before induction(T0 ),dura mater incision(T1 ),tumor resection(T2 ),at the end of the surgery (T3 ).And we collected CSF at T0 ,T3 ,6 hours after the surgery(T4 ),12 hours after the surgery (T5 ),24 hours after the surgery(T6 ),then the concentrations of EAA and IAA were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)at T0 ,T3 ,T4 ,T5 and T6 .Results The MAP and HR in group D at T1-T3 were much lower than that in T0 and in group C(P <0.05).Compared with T0 ,the Glu and Asp in CSF significantly increased in group C at T3-T6 and were much higher than those in group D (P < 0.05 ),GABA was significantly decreased and much lower than group D(P <0.05).Compared with T0 ,the Glu and Asp in group D at T3-T5 were increased and GABA was decreased, but without statistic significance. At T6 , the values recovered to the level at T0 . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can be used to maintain hemodynamic stability in intracranial tumor surgery,and may play a role in cerebral protection through inhibiting expression of Glu and Asp (EAA).