OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further implementation of national essential medicines. METHODS:The drugs consumption data of outpatients and inpatients in our hospital from Jan. 1 to Jun. 30,2014 were statistically analyzed. RE-SULTS:Variety numbers of national essential medicines in our hospital occupied 37.38%(228/610) in total drugs variety numbers of the whole hospital,consumption sum of national essential medicines occupied 9.80%(817.02 million yuan/8 338.12 million yu-an) in all drugs consumption sum. The first 20 national essential medicines listed in consumption sum were mainly anti-cancer drugs and water,electrolyte and acid-base balance regulation drugs. CONCLUSIONS:In the utilization of national essential medi-cines,variety proportion and consumption sum ratio in our hospital are relatively low. It is suggested to make clear the use require-ments of national essential medicines in cancer hospitals to make more reasonable and scientific selection of anti-tumor medicines in National Essential Medicines List and reasonably increase the assistant medicines related to the treatment of neoplastic diseases;hos-pitals should take effective measures to promote the usage rate of national essential medicines.

By reviewing the latest published papers on palliative care, the article discussed the development and research progress of palliative care for people with advanced cancer, so as to provide reference for the development of palliative care specialty. According to the analysis, it suggested that by means of striving for more government support in both economic and education, raising funds through various channels, perfecting the social insurance system and volunteer′s regimen, promoting group working model, establishing standardized policies and regulations, increasing the publicity of palliative care, palliative care would move forward to a professional and normalized road, so that the people with incurable disease will receive better palliative care to improve the quality of life to the most.

Objective To investigate the effect of solution-focused therapy on the care burden and negative emotions of the primary caregivers with elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight elderly patients with hip fractures and caregivers were divided into intervention group and control group with 84 pairs by random digits table method, and the two groups were given continual nursing care. At the same time, the primary caregivers of intervention group accepted the solution-focused therapy. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used as the evaluation indexes. Results Before intervention, the score of CBI, SAS,SDS was (42.07 ± 4.24), (50.75 ± 11.21), (51.59 ± 13.18) points in control group and (42.10 ± 3.96), (50.48 ± 12.59), (52.96 ± 13.51) points in intervention group, and there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, the score of CBI, SAS, SDS was (40.49±3.17), (50.64±11.33), (50.14±10.25) points in control group and (28.95±2.87), (36.73±9.45), (41.60±8.23) points in intervention group, and there was significant differences between two groups (t=5.42, 8.73, 7.45, all P<0.05). Conclusions Solution-focused therapy can effectively reduce the care burden of the primary caregivers of elderly patients with hip fractures and alleviate their anxiety and depression.

BACKGROUND: After reviewing the literature, the author found that most of the epidemiological data related to cancer pain was reported by physicians from the point of view of treatment, or of patients' response to the treatment. Although the nurses in oncology department are most direct participants in the cancer pain management, there is less investigation about the nurses' knowledge, attitudes to and skills of cancer pain management.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to provide information so as to suggest the nursing managers and educators in specifically propagating and disseminating the knowledge of cancer pain management.DESIGN: A sampled investigation.SETTING: Integrated Medicine Ward, College of Clinical Oncology,Peking University.PARTICIPANTS: The participants of this investigation were 128 nurses who took part in the National Tumor Care Academic Exchanges and Seminar Conference held in June 1998.METHODS: This investigation was carried out through a survey questionnaire and the questionnaire was designed on the basis of the Cancer Analgesics Questionnaire (for nurses use only) established by the Oncology Profession Committee of Chinese Nursing Association in 1993, furthermore,suggestions from experts were adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The perception about "three-step analgesic ladder";②currently most commonly used analgesics in clinical;③assessment methods for cancer pain④knowledge of being addicted to analgesics⑤attitude of nursing staff to cancer pain management.RESULTS: The number of those who could correctly designate the relationship of three steps and pain intensity was 82(64.0% ). Only one person could correctly write down the contents of three steps analgesic ladder (0.7%) . Physician's orders for analgesics for cancer pain in the responders' hospitals were classified into the following types: temporary order:54.0%; when necessary, 38.0%; long-term order, 24.0%. But none of the nurses could mark correctly the range of mild, moderate and severe grade on the scale. Only 49.2% (63/128) of the nurses considered that "The pain scale should be determined according to the cancer patients' self-perception to the pain intensity(chief complaint)" . Among the responders, only 12.5% (16/128) of them accepted that "the incidence of addiction occurred as a result of analgesics used for pain control is less than 1% ". Only 26. 5% (34/128) of the responders could distinguish the concepts of tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction.CONCLUSION: From the results of the investigation, we can see that, the nursing professionals do not have sufficient knowledge about "three-step analgesic ladder". The popularization of related knowledge among nurses has been delayed severely. Nurses will obtain the knowledge of cancer pain management by clinical experience instead of in regular ways. The attitude of nursing personnel to cancer pain treatment is one of the important factors that affect the pain management. The frontline nurses should master the pharmacological characteristics of opioids so as to explain it to the patients and their relations distinctly. Nurses should bring into play a more powerful action in reducing the "addiction-phobia" due to their professional characteristics. We suggest that the latest new progress in cancer pain treatment should be incorporated into the normal textbooks on the management of cancer pain. We also propose that the methods of cancer pain treatment,contents of the principle of drug prescription be included in the training of a medical care personnel of oncology professional before entering into clinic.

Through the study of the pathology of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, evaluation indexes, diagnosis requirements and so on, a portable sleep monitoring system was designed, which had the characteristics of convenience, wireless transmission and no disturbance. The system can be assessed by respiration monitoring and pulse oximetry, which is based on the pressure variation in miniature air-bag and spectral absorption method. It provides the value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which is used to evaluate OSAHS severity. The experiment of the system's stability and accuracy is done, which exhibits good performance, it can diagnose OSAHS effectively and provide convenience for home monitoring.
Humans ; Oximetry ; Polysomnography ; instrumentation ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 64-slice CT angiography (CTA) to head and neck artery pathological changes.Methods One hundred patients with clinical suspicion of head and neck vascular lesions were retrospectively analyzed.Sixty four cases of lesions were detected by 64-slice CTA,and were checked by Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) within a week.First,the correlation of 64-slice CTA and DSA diagnosis of head and neck artery stenosis grade was counted.Then DSA was taken as the gold standard.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of 64-slice CTA to diagnose head and neck arteries stenosis were calculated.Results Of 64 cases of patients,2 cases of congenital vascular dysplasia,including 1 case with internal carotid artery in 2 cases,the remaining 60 patients had different degree of stenosis.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of 64-slice CTA was 95.34％,99.48％,97.62％,and 98.98％,respectively.Among 60 narrow patients,the plaque number was 205,including 88 soft plaques,56 mixed plaques,and 61 calcified plaque.Conclusions The 64-silce CTA has multiple advantages including rapid,noninvasiveness,high accuracy and safety,and high application value in the diagnosis of head and neck vascular lesions.It is worth promoting.

Objective To understand information on cognitive and demand of chronic kidney disease(CKD) patient to contin‐uing nursing .Methods Adopting stratified random sampling method took samples 200 CKD patiens who were treated at kidney disease of internal of general hospital form March to June 2014 .Self‐made questionnaire was used to survey cognitive and demand of chronic kidney disease patient to continuing nursing .Results Totally 200 questionnaires were gave out and 184 of them were taken back ,efficient rate is 92% .First ,cognition :10 .32% CKD patiens knew the meaning of continuing nursing ,9 .24% CKD patiens knew the content of continuing nursing ,12 .50% CKD patiens knew the role of continuing nursing .Second ,demand :65 .76% -95 .11% CKD patiens had demand on disease treatment knowledge ,individual diet guidance ,regular telephone follow‐up ,and regular follow‐up nurse ;38 .04% - 53 .26% CKD patiens had urgent demand on individual diet guidance ,free health consultation ,and regu‐lar follow‐up nurse ;28 .89% CKD patiens had demand on electronic health record .Conclusion The cognitive of CKD patiens to continuing nursing is low and the demand is high .Hospital should to actively develop the continuation of local nursing service .

Objective To investigate the relationship between androgen level and body adipose tissue content and distribution via a cross sectional survey in healthy women aged 40 to 60 years. Methods A total of 222 women were divided into 4 groups according menstruation status, i.e. reproductive stage, early perimenopausal stage, late perimenopausal stage and postmenopausal stage. Serum level of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. Body adipose tissue content and distribution were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results In women aged 40 to 60 years, DHEA, TT and FAI level of reproductive stage women was (12.3±4.1) nmol/L, (0.56±0.22) nmol/L and 1.15 (quartile:0.71 to 1.85), respectively. DHEA, TT and FAI level of early perimenopausal stage women was (12.0±3.4) nmol/L, (0.56 ± 0.24) nmol/L and 1.37 (quartile: 0.89 to 1.61), respectively. DHEA, TT and FAI level of late perimenopausal stage women was (14.2 ± 4.7) nmol/L, (0.62 ± 0.18) nmol/L and 1.38 (quartile:1.12 to 1.63). DHEA, TT and FAI level of postmenopausal stage women was (11.6±3.5) nmol/L, (0.45±0.22) nmol/L and 0.94 (quartile:0.47 to 1.49). DHEA, TT and FAI level of perimenopausal stage women was comparable with those of reproductive stage women (P>0.05), however, TT and FAI level of postmenopausal women was significantly lower than those of reproductive stage women (P=0.001, 0.014). The total adipose percentage of reproductive stage women, early perimenopausal stage women, late perimenopausal stage women and postmenopausal stage women were (35 ± 6)%, (35 ± 5)%, (37 ± 4)%and (37 ± 5)%. The adipose percentage in“android”area of reproductive stage women, early perimenopausal stage women, late perimenopausal stage women and postmenopausal stage women were (43±5)%, (43±4)%, (47±5)%and (46±5)%. The total adipose percentage was similar in 4 groups (P=0.312). Compared with reproductive stage women, adipose percentage of“android”area increased in late perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (P=0.026). Women with higher FAI level presented higher adipose tissue content and higher percentage of centrally distributed adipose tissue (r=0.28, P=0.003). Conclusions Body adipose tissue tends to distribute centrally from perimenopausal stage. Androgen level is related to body adipose tissue content and distribution, but may not be the main reason of changes of fat distribution in middle life women.

Objective To evaluate the value of retrospective ECG-gated 256 slices spiral CT technique in the scanning of inferior phrenic artery (IPA).Methods 80 patients with underdone abdominal CTA were divided randomly into two groups (40 patients each)as regular abdominal CTA scanning group and retrospective ECG-gated technique group.And further analysis was done to evaluate the display of IPA branches and the image quality.Results 80 patients were all scanned successfully.40 cases LIPA and 40 cases RIPA were showed in the regular group.80 cases showed 1st level branches of IPA,73 cases with 2nd level,59 cases with 3rd and 43 ca-ses showing 4th level.40 cases LIPA and 40 cases RIPA were showed in ECG-gated group.And the numbers of IPA branches levels were 80,79,71,65,respectively.There is no significant difference in the ability of showing the1st level IPA or their image quality between those two groups (P >0.05);and there is a statistical significance in the ability of showing other levels of IPA and their im-age quality.Conclusion It is feasible that we use retrospective ECG-gated 256 slices spiral CT scanning technique to show the IPA. And it could improve the ability of showing the IPA branches as well as the image quality.

Objective To explore the relationship between quality items of chest compression for resuscitation of cardiac arrest and to identify the key points in chest compression training and practice.Method The training project was offered to 219 healthcare workers by using Laerdal ACLS advanced life support resuscitation model, and the quality issues of chest compression were monitored including compression hands placement,compression rate,compression depth,and chest wall recoil,as well as selfreported fatigue time by Laerdal Computer Skills and Reporting System.Results The quality of chest compression was related to the geuder of the practitioner.The items in males including self-reported fatigue time,the accuracy of compression depth and the compression rate,the accuracy of compression rate were higher than those in females.However,the chest recoil rate was higher in females than that in males.The quality items of chest compression were correlated with one another. The self-reported fatigue time was related to all the items except the compression rate.Conclusions It is necessary to offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training courses regularly. In clinical practice,it might be better to change the practitioner before fatigue,especially for female or weak practitioners.In training projects,more attention should be paid to the control of compression rate, in order to delay the fatigue, guarantee enough compression depth and improve the quality of chest compression.