OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the central role of dopamine-and cyclic adenosine 3 ',5 '-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP 32) in neuronal signal transmission and integration to provide a theoretical basis for study of the clinical treatment and functional rehabilitation of neurological diseases.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based search was conducted for related literatures published between January 1980 and December 2004 indexed in Medline Database, using the key words of "DARPP-32" and "role",with the language of the articles limited to English. A similar search was also conducted for Chinese articles indexed in Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database and Wanfang Database, using the equivalent Chinese terms for the same key words.STUDY SELECTION: A preliminary selection of the 98 retrieved articles was carried out to identify randomized controlled experiments or trials and relevant chapters in monographs for inclusion, with repetitive studies and Meta-analysis excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 29 original articles, reviews and monographs pertaining to the study of DARPP-32 were collected. Summarization, synthesis and abstraction of the articles was carried out according to the results and discussions in the articles.DATA SYNTHESIS: DARPP-32 is expressed in the neurons in the neostriatum and other nuclei, performing multiple roles in signal regulation and integration. After binding to corresponding receptors, dopamine, glutamate or other neurotransmitters cause phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of DARPP-32 at 34-Thr or other three sites to affect the activities of such important phospholipases as phospholipase 1 and 2B, so that all the signals from various pathways can be integrated and the neuronal functions and the behaviors governed by these neurons altered. The functions of DARPP32 are related to many neurotransmitters and their receptors and can be explored using gene knockout technique.CONCLUSION: DARPP-32 plays a central role in the complex signal transmission and integration processes of neurons. The research of DARPP32 may provide evidence and effective means for the therapy of neurological diseases such as Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Objective To observe the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and effects of some factors in solution on Cr(Ⅵ) with zero valent iron(ZVI).Methods A certain amount ZVI were added in a 50 ml solution with Cr(Ⅵ),the effects on removal ratio were observed when the initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was 5,10,20 and 30 mg / L,temperatures was 5,15,25 and 35 ℃,the ZVI dosage was 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25 and 1.50 g and anions such as Cl-,NO3-,SO42-,CO32-and PO43-.The removal ratio of Cr(Ⅵ) was evaluated by Cr(Ⅵ) concentration difference pre and post-treatment with ZVI.Results Cr(Ⅵ) could be removed effectively with ZVI and removal ratio of Cr(Ⅵ) could reach over 90% in 5 min,the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of the solution could meet the requirement of GB5749-2006 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality [ Cr(Ⅵ) concentration≤0.05 mg/L].The best reaction conditions was 35 ℃,pH=2,dosage of ZVI =1.0 g.Conclusion Cr(Ⅵ) can be removed by ZVI in solution,the removal ratio can be impacted by some factors such as pH value,Cr(Ⅵ) initial concentration,temperature.

OBJECTIVE: All the people in modern world are exposed to the industrial frequency magnetism (extremeiy low-frequency magnetic fields, ELFMF). There are important academic and practical significance to understand the influence of ELFMF on human diseases.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search was conducted in HighWire database for English literatures about the relation between ELFMF and human cancers from January 1991 to March 2006 by using the key words of "extremely low frequency magnetic fields, cancer".STUDY SELECTION: All the collected literatures were screened. Inclusion criteria: ① To browse the abstracts of the literatures to examine primitively, and select the articles experimented with the cytological, molecular biological and epidemiological methods. ② Choosing the separate articles by studying with different animals but having got the same results.③ Comparing and analyzing the original and reviewed articles about the relations between ELFMF and cancers.DATA EXTRACTION: A total 90 original and 4 reviewed literatures about ELFMF and cancers were collected and 29 and 4 papers were accordance with the criteria, respectively. In the 47 eliminated articles, 32 of them were unrelated or repetitive to our topic, 5 of them were published earlier or the conclusions were ambiguous, and other 10 of them used only the epidemiological methods.DATA SYNTHESIS : ① For a long time, the question whether 50/60 Hz ELFMF has the carcinogenic effects has been disputed in epidemiology and cytology. ② Majority statistical results in epidemiology showed that the crowds exposed to ELFMF for long or frequent time had an higher ratios suffering cancers than the normal, thereinto, the dangerousness such as leucocythemia, brain cancer and breast cancer is especially high. ③ However, the observation in cytology indicated that the normal cultural cells exposed to ELFMF had not increased the cell divisions or appeared cancer signals, and even in some reports, ELFMF may accelerate apoptosis, and reduced the possibility of cancerization. ④ Although ELFMF may not produce cancerization to normal cells, it may act as an promoter or co-promoter of cancer-prone cells, to accelerate the cancerization and exacerbation course of those cells. ⑤ The effect is related to influencing various links of signal transduction, changing translation of gene, changing activities of some enzymes and increasing production of free radicals.CONCLUSION: Although ELFMF may not produce cancerization to normal cells, it may act as an promoter or co-promoter of cancer-prone cells, to accelerate the cancerization and exacerbation course of those cells.

Objective: To observe the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension on lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Methods: A case-matched study of fasting plasma glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HIDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), insulin (FIN), C-peptide (FCP) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were detected in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without hypertensiorn. Results: Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated hypertension had higher TG、 FINS and FCP, lower HDL and ISI levels than 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension had more remarkable lipid metabolic disorder and insulin resistance than type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension.

Objective To study the effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidase and development of rats. Methods 64 SD rats weight was(109.7?10.4) g, 32 male, 32 female were randomly divided into 4 groups. Every group was fed on the fodder contained zinc of different content for 40 days to build animal model. The Zn, Cu, Fe and MDA contents, SOD and GSH-Px activity in tissue of rats were determined. The One-way ANOVA test was used for multiple related samples and simple correlation analysis was used. Results Compared with 30 mg/kg group, the development of thighbones and the body weight of rats in groups with zinc exposure doses of 9 and 400 mg/kg bw were significantly retarded, the consumption rate of fodder was lower in male rats (P

Objective:To investigate the effect of adenosine (Ado) on the unit discharging electricities in habenula nucleus and on the c-fos expression in lateral habenular complex,and the influence of adenosine on the neuron activities and related gene expression involved in affecting sleep in habenula nucleus and the possible mechanisms.Methods:Intraperitoneal injection,brain flakes pouring of rats,immunohistochemistry and other methods were useel.Results:Ado pouring into flakes of brain depressed the unit discharging electricities of neurons in medial habenular complex(MHb),but obviously increased that of lateral habenular complex(LHb).0.5 h after the six rats being injected intraperitoneally with Ado,the c-fos protein expression in lateral habenular nucleus was significantly increased compared to the group with saline injection.Conclusion:Ado may restrain the unit discharging electricities of neurons in medial habenular complex but excite those in lateral habenular complex.At the meantime,Ado may increase the c-fos expression in LHb.This provides the experimental evidence that Ado may improve the sleep quality.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of early biomarkers in neonatal asphyxia diagnosis with myocardial damage by detection of ischemia modified albumin in neonatal serum(IMA) and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB(GPBB) for screening sensitive markers with direct myocardial injury.Methods 166 neonates were selected in our hospital as the research object,in which 136 cases with myocardial injury dividend into the experimental group and 30 cases into the control group.The experimental group were divided into mild group and severe group according to the degree of asphyxia.All the children were tested for GPBB and IMA 1 h after admission.Results The levels of GPBB in neonatal asphyxia myocardial injury group and severe asphyxia group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The sensitivity of GPBB in diagnosis of asphyxia was higher than that of IMA,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The degree of asphyxia is closely related to serum IMA,GPBB level in neonatal asphyxia complicated with myocardial injury.The sensitivity and specificity of GPBB in diagnosis asphyxia is better than IMA in children complicated with myocardial damage.

Objective To learn the exposure levels and health hazards of long-term exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) through drinking water in a west county,and to provide a scientific basis for making preventive measures.Methods Five water points were selected to test the Cr6+ concentration of drinking water in the county in 2015,data of 3 water points with water Cr6+ concentrations exceeded the standard (Cr6+ ＞ 0.05 mg/L) were selected from 12 drinking water points in some west counties in the recent six years (2009-2014) as the exposed group,2water points that drinking water Cr6+ concentrations not exceeded the standard (Cr6+ ≤0.05 mg/L) in the county and adjacent to the exposed group were selected as the control group.Sixty villagers were selected as the investigation objects in each water point to conduct internal medicine,ears,nose,throat (ENT),dermatology and health examination,urinary chromium content,routine blood and urine test were done.Determination of hexavalent chromium concentration in drinking water was done according to The Drinking Water Standard Examination Method 1,5-diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometry (GB/T 5750-2006);routine urine was tested using the 10 urine analyzer test;urinary chromium was tested using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer;routine blood five classification was tested using automatic blood analyzer;determination of drinking water hexavalent chromium concentration was done according to The Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006).Higher than 0.05 mg/L was judged as exceeded the standard;physical examination was done according to The Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chromium Nasal Disease (GB Z12-2002) and The Diagnostic Standard of Occupational Contact Dermatitis (GB Z20-2002).Results There were 184 and 109 people in the exposed group and the control group,respectively.The average concentration of Cr6+ exceeding the standard ratio was 2.82-3.22 in drinking water,the nasal septum nucosa perforation,skin erythema edema,skin ulcers were 4.9％ (9/184),4.3％ (8/184) and 4.3％ (8/184) in the exposed group,and the urinary chromium level (0.31 μg/L) in the exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.27 μg/L,Z =-4.078,P ＜ 0.05).Routine blood test result of mean corpuscular haemaglobin (MCH) was (29.56 ± 2.07) pg,platelet counts (PLT) was (222.38 ± 47.53) × 109/L and plateletcrit (PCT) was (0.25 ± 0.05)％ in the exposed group,it was all higher than those of the control group [(29.03 ±2.95) pg,(211.74 ±75.27)× 109/L,(0.24 ± 0.08)％,t =1,940,2.318,2.079,all P ＜ 0.05];standard difference coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) was (13.14 ± 1.05)％,lymphocyte number (LYMPH) was (2.01 ± 0.64) × 109/L in the exposed group,it was all lower than those of the control group [(13.38 ±1.54)％,(2.21 ± 1.02) × 109/L,t =-1.989,-1.956,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rate of glycosuria,uric bravery red,and urine nitrite in routine urine test of exposed group was 17.39％ (32/184),23.36％ (43/184),7.61％ (14/184);it was all higher than those of the control group [(8.25％ (9/109),11.93％ (13/109),0.91％ (1/109),x2 =4.746,5.798,6.309,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Urine chromium accumulation has been found in populations long-term exposed to 2.82-3.22 times excessive Cr6+ through drinking water,which has affected the population's health to some extent.Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the local drinking water improvement project.

Objective To explore the applications effect of evidence-based nursing in the health education for patients with mixed vaginal infections.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with mixed vaginal infection were divided into observation group(n=84) and control group(n=84).Based on the evidence-based nursing method,the observation group first raised questions,then sought evidence to determine the conclusion according to the literature search,and finally combined with clinical evidence to formulate a reasonable plan for health education and effectively implemented.The control group was given conventional nursing.The two groups were compared in terms of rate of disease-related awareness in return visit 1 month after discharge,behavior 2 months after discharge and disease relapse 6 months after discharge.Results The rate of disease-related awareness and behavior in the experiment group were better than those of the control group significantly(all P<0.05).The rate of disease relapse of the experiment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Application of evidence-based nursing method for patients with vaginal infections in health education can guide the nurses' health education target,improve the patients' cognitive and behavior and reduce the rate of disease relapse.

Tumor radioresistance is the leading cause of clinical radiotherapy failure and disease progression.Researches show that the occurrence of radioresistance is related to the cell cycle arrest,relevant gene change,tumor microenvironment change,autophagy,tumor stem cells and other factors.Studying the mechanism of radioresistance and looking for an effective method to avoid it is the key to improve the effect of radiotherapy,which can provide the probability of the prognosis of radiosensitivity.