Objective To investigate the clinical, imaging and pathological findings of the primary (CNS) lymphoma in patients without AIDS. Methods The clinical, laboratory, neuroradiological and pathological data of such 15 cases were analysed. Results The clinical features of the primary malignant lymphoma of CNS are variable,however,more than half of patients were presented with an increased intracranial pressure and a neurologic dysfunction, such as weakness of limbs,speech changes and seizures. These symptoms were always misdiagnosed as some other tumors.Examination of CSF revealed a mild or intermediate increase of protein in all patients by way of lumbar punctures. Imaging examinations by CT and MRI both showed solitary or multiple masses of tumor located more likely in the frontal and temporal lobes. Only 20% patients mimiced the demyelineting disease and were misdiagnosed as multiply sclerosis. Conclusions Patients with such CNS lymphoma usually do not present the characteristically clinical manifestations or findings in the imaging scanning. Brain biopsy may be a method more reliable to confirm this disease and be important for improving the prognosis of patients.

Objective To get further insight into the breakthrough pain experiences in advanced cancer patients in order to provide targeted nursing measures for breakthrough pain patients. Methods Semi structured interviews were performed in 12 advanced cancer patients. Colaizzi analysis program was used to analyze, induct and extract the themes. Results The breakthrough pain experiences of advanced cancer patients were as follows:overall perception of breakthrough pain;the experience when experiencing breakthrough pain; personal growth related to breakthrough pain. Conclusions Nurses should provide sufficient information to patients timely, consider patients′needs and combine with non-drug methods to better manage breakthrough pain to improve patients′experience about breakthrough pain.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features and prognostic factors of occult breast cancer. MethodsThe clinical features and prognostic factors of 62 occult breast cancer patients,who were treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital from October 1997 to October 2011,were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe 3-year,5-year and 10-year overall survival rates of 62 cases were 87.4％,76.4％,73.2％ respectively,a median of 53 months.The 3-,5-,and 10-year overall survival rates of the patients with ＞4 positive lymph nodes are lower than that of patients with ≤4 nodes (77.8％,64.8％,38.9％ vs.90.7％,86.7％,86.7％,P =0.015 ) ;The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with primary cancer found in removed breast tissue are lower than that in those primary tumor was not found (60.0％,40.0％,40.0％ vs.92.0％,83.6％,79.2％,P =0.023).The 3-year,5-year and 10-year overall survival rates in patients with recurrence and metastasis are lower than that of patients without (63.5％,28.6％,19.0％ vs.97.1％,97.1 ％,97.1％,P =0.000). ConclusionsThe prognosis of occult breast cancer is related with the number of positive lymph node,pathology,recurrence and metastasis.

To explore the effect of Kaixin Capsule (KC, composed of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Astragali, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Rhizoma Cyperi, etc.) in reconstructing the collagen of non infarct region of left ventricle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and to study its mechanism.Seventy rats were allocated to mimic operation group (Group Ⅰ), model group (Group Ⅱ), high dosage KC group (Group Ⅲ), low dosage KC group (Group Ⅳ) and positive control group (Group Ⅴ). Rat models of left ventricle reconstruction were established by the ligation of the main stem of left coronary artery. Three days after modeling, the rats were treated with KC for eight weeks. And then the total collagen content in the myocardium of non infarct region and angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) and aldosterone (ALD) levels in blood and myocardium were measured by oxyproline hydroxyproline method and radioimmunoassay. The total collagen content was higher in Group Ⅱ than that in Group Ⅰ (P0 05) . [Conclusion]KC can inhibit the production of collagen and increase myocardial compliance and its mechanism may be involved in the regulation of rennin angiotensin aldosterone system.

BACKGROUND: Permanent or transient implantation of biomaterials can result in biomaterials-centered infections (BCI) in lung cancer patients.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between BCI and peripheral blood transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A total of 248 lung cancer patients undergoing in vivo intravascular catheter indwelling > 7 days were included.Quantitative method was used for intubation, bacteriological culture and paired blood culture, and API Staph strips were adopted for positive patients. While enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect TGF-β1 levels in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and 75 healthy volunteers as normal controls.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the 248 patients, there were 82 BCI-positive cases, and 166 BCI-negative cases.Thirteen patients were confirmed to have catheter-related bloodstream infection. There were 48 Gram-positive bacteria, 24Gram-negative bacilli, and 10 fungal. The levels of TGF-β1 were higher in BCI-positive patients than BCI-negative patients (P < 0.05); the levels of TGF-β1 in the BCI-negative group were higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). For lung cancer patients with nosocomial infection induced BCI, there are various species of pathogenic bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria are more common. To detect TGF-β1 levels in patients with lung cancer is of significance for early prevention of BCI.

Objective To investigate the superiority of direct multi-slice spiral CT venography in inferior vena cava. Methods Twenty-eight patients performed MSCT venography in inferior vena cava, including 2 cases with both indirect and direct venography, 10 cases with indirect venography, 20 cases with direct venography through unilateral or bilateral lower extremity venous injection. The image quality and enhancement degree of the inferior vena cava were compared in double-blind method. Results Of 10 cases with indirect venography of inferior vena cava, 1 case was failed due to mild enhancement in inferior vena cava. Image quality was good in 2 cases, poor in 7 cases, no excellent case. Of 20 cases with direct venography of inferior vena cava, the enhancement degree was scored 1, 2 degree in 16, 4 cases respectively and no case was scored 3 degree, the image quality was excellent, good in 16, 4 cases and no case was bad. The success rate was 100%. Conclusion The image quality of direct MSCT venography in inferior vena cava is better than that of indirect method.

Objective To explore clinical value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) rate in early evaluation of imaging tumor efficacy and prognosis of disease control for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after the second course of chemotherapy, and provide the basis for clinical adjustment chemotherapy regimens.Methods Patients in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were randomly collected in January 2007-September 2014 during the pathological diagnosis of 130 cases for advanced NSCLC, who had an elevated serum CEA level, including pre-chemotherapy and prochemotherapy, were collected.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate efficacy of CEA change in evaluation of early disease control (DC).SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze the relationship between CEA change and prognosis.Results After two chemotherapy cycles, the area under the ROC curve was 70.6％.When the cut-point of the change rates of CEA levels was 2.05％ , the Youden index reaches the maximum.Adenocarcinoma group and squamous cell carcinoma patients after 2 courses of CEA change rate evaluation, which area under the ROC curve was 72.0％ (95％ CI :61.4％ ～ 82.5％), and 70.1％ (95％ CI:45.8％ ～94.5％).Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method, which showed the change rates of CEA levels were all the influencing factors of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced NSCLC(P ＜ 0.05).While the change rates of CEA levels were not predictive overall survival (OS) (P =0.715).Conclusions It prompts effective chemotherapy, and patients have the extended PFS, when CEA levels before and after chemotherapy dropped to a certain degree.

carcinoma (SRCC) of the breast.Methods The clinical and pathologic data of 17 SRCC of the breast were analyzed retrospectively.Results Breast SRCC accounted for 2-4.5％ of all breast cancer patients.I0 (58.8％) patients suffered from lymph node metastasis at admission,the positive rates of estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were 71.4％ (10/14) and 64.9％ (9/14) respectively.With a follow-up time varying from 8 months to 11 years recurrence or metastasis were found in 7 patients,another 3 patients were found having distant metastasis at admission.Bone metastasis (8 patients) was most common.Treatments of breast SRCC were analogous to breast cancer at the same stage,sixteen cases were treated with surgery and 14 cases with chemotherapy.The 3' and 5' year disease-free survival rates were 50.3％ (7/17) and 23.0％ (5/17) respectively.With a mean follow-up time of 57 months,the mortality was41.2％ (7/17).Conclusions SRCC of the breast is highly invasive,with high rate of positive receptors and recurrence,and poor patients' survival.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.Methods We retrospectively analysed 430 patients with a diagnosis of DCIS in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 1991 to December 2005,to evaluate the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis.Results Overall survival rate of 430 patients was 94.9％ (408/430).10 cases died of breast cancer recurrence,7 for local recurrence,3 for metastsis.Tumor size,TNM stages and structural pattern of pathlogy were prognosis impacting factors (P ＜ 0.05).The 5-year survival rate for combination radiotherapy and breast-conserving surgery group was 100％,and 10-year survival rate was 97.1％,comparing traditional modified radical mastectomy 5-year survival rate of 98.3％and 10-year survival of 96.7％ (P ＞ 0.05).The overall survival rate of surgery alone group (89.9％) was lower than the post-operative comprehensive treatment group (96.8％),(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment of DCIS should be based on primary tumor's clinical stage and histologic characters.Breast-conserving surgery enjoys the same outcome as traditional modified radical mastectomy.

BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that pathogenicity of biomaterials-centered infection is positive correlated to bacterial biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of catheter-related materials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relations between expressions of central venous catheter-related Staphylococcus epidermidis icaA, icaD, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and formation of bacterial biofilm. METHODS: The type of Staphylococcus epidermidis in lung cancer cases with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) was indentified, followed by bacterial genomic DNA extraction. The expression of biofilm formation-related genes icaA, icaD mRNA and phenotype of biofilm were detected by PCR. The serum TGF-β1 levels in cases with or without CRBSI were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of Staphylococcus epidermidis operon icaA and icaD gene was positive correlated to biofilm formation in lung cancer cases with CRBSI (P < 0.01); particularly, the TGF-β1 levels in CRBSI cases were greater than that of non-CRBSI cases (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that, central venous catheter infection causes positive Staphylococcus epidermidis icaA and icaD gene expressions in lung cancer cases and is prone to form biofilm, high level of peripheral TGF-β1 may play a positive role in bacterial biofilm formation.