Objective To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine enema combined with massage of Hui medicine for treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted, 390 patients with UC admitted to Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled, and they were divided by using random envelope method into the western medicine control group (88 cases), simple TCM enema group (102 cases), simple massage of Hui medicine group (94 cases) and enema combined with massage group (106 cases). The patients in western medicine control group took sulfasalazine orally, once 0.75 g, thrice a day. The simple TCM enema group adopted the self prepared Shexue Fuyang decoction (ingredients: carbonized sanguisorba root 15-20 g, bletilla striata 15 g, patrinia 15-30 g, sculellaria barbata 15-30 g, Chinese goldthread 15 g, radix glycyrrhizae preparata 15 g, Fry terminaliachebuia 10 g, yam 15-30 g, india madder root 15 g) retention enema once a day. The following principles should be followed: firstly, the dose of drug should be large enough (250 mL), secondly the speed of enema should be relatively slow and it finished in 15-20 minutes, thirdly the temperature of decoction should be kept at moderate degree about 39-41 ℃ (a warm bag being around the enema tube), and lastly, the patient's posture should be changed (lying left-side for 20 minutes, lying at chest-abdomen position for 20 minutes, lying right-side for 20 minutes). In massage of Hui medicine group, based on the location and size, depth and seriousness of the lesion, the doctor would selectively use palm or index finger to carry out massage manipulations of pressing, fractioning, rubbing or grasping for different disease situations of patients, once 30 minutes pre day. The patients in enema combined massage group were treated with the same methods as above, and the therapeutic course of the four groups was 15 days; at the end of experiment,the therapeutic effects and the improvement of main symptoms in four groups were observed.Results The clinical total effective rates of Chinese medicine enema group, massage of Hui medicine group, enema combined massage group were obviously higher than the rate of western medicine control group [78.4% (80/102), 85.1% (80/94), 93.4% (99/106) vs. 62.5% (55/88), allP < 0.05]; the symptom integrals, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, purulent blood stool, fever, etc. were significantly decreased after treatment in the TCM enema, massage and combined treatment groups, and the integrals of the three treatment groups were obviously lower than those in the western medicine control group (abdominal pain: 0.45±0.75, 0.56±0.57, 0.35±0.96 vs. 1.13±0.86, diarrhea: 0.76±0.91, 0.78±0.69, 0.55±0.81 vs. 1.43±0.34, tenesmus: 0.52±0.37, 0.44±0.23, 0.21±0.13 vs. 0.72±0.98, purulent blood stool: 0.43±0.34, 0.50±0.24, 0.52±0.76 vs. 0.68±0.44, fever: 0.32±0.56, 0.35±0.65, 0.26±0.45 vs. 0.49±0.77, allP < 0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effects of Shexue Fuyang decoction enema combined with massage of Hui medicine for treatment of patients with UC are better than those of each of the following treatment alone: western medicine, Chinese medicine enema or medical massage treatment.

2-Amino-3-hydroxylpyridinE-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) voltammetric enzymE-linked immunoassay based on N-heterocyclic substrate has been successfully applied for the detection of carcionembryonic antigen(CEA) in human serum. 2-Amino-3-hydroxylpyridine is oxidized with H2O2 catalyzed by HRP, and the resulting electroactive product produces a sensitive voltammetric peak at the potential of 0.36 V(vs. SCE) in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution. By this voltammetric peak, free HRP can be measured and immunoassay of HRP label can be developed. The enzymE-catalyzed reaction conditions and voltammetric detection conditions have been optimized, and the electrode procedure of the enzymatic product was investigated. The selected optimum reaction conditions were that the reaction medium was pH 6.0 B-R buffer solution for 10 mL reaction solution containing 1.0 mL of 0.2 mol/L B-R buffer solution, 3.0 mL of 8.0 mmol/L 2-amino-3-hydroxylpyridine solution and 1.5 mL of 0.5 mmol/L H2O2 solution, and the reaction time was 30 min at 37 ℃. The optimum detection conditions were that the supporting electrolyte was pH 7.0 B-R buffer solution for 10 mL of the overall detection solution containing 5 mL of reaction solution and 1.0 mL of 0.2 mol/L B-R buffer solution. The optimum instrumental conditions for the detection were chosen as follows: the initial potential, 0.00 V; the final potential, -0.80 V; the potential scanning rate, 400 mV/s; the mercury drop standing time, 7 s. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range for detection of free HRP was 4.0×10-4-1.0 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.12 μg/L. Based on the new immunoassay system, the linear range of the detection to CEA was 0.50-80 μg/L and the detection limit was 0.50 μg/L, which is 10 times lower than that of traditional spectrophotometric enzymE-linked immunosorbent assay method. The 2-Amino-3-hydroxylpyridinE-H2O2-HRP voltammetric enzymE-linked immunoassay new system exhibits excellent performance having wider linear range and lower detection limit. The new method is inexpensive and simple. It has a great potential in clinical diagnosis.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen of respiratory infection. Macrolides antibiotic is the first drug in treating children mycoplasma pneumoniae. Restently Mycoplasma pneumoniae shows resistance to macrolides antibiotic. Traditional Chinese medicine has more advantages in it. The paper summarizes drug resistance of mycoplasma pneumoniae and mechanisms research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the expression of forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) with clinicopathological features and the prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The data of 42 patients newly diagnosed with DLBCL in Hebei General Hospital admitted from June 2012 to January 2020 were collected. The expressions of FOXO1, phosphorylated FOXO1 (p-FOXO1) in DLBCL tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry. The association of FOXO1 expression with clinicopathological features and the prognosis in DLBCL patients was retrospectively analyzed.Results:The positive rate of FOXO1 was 42.9% (18/42) and the positive rate of p-FOXO1 was 28.6% (12/42) in DLBCL tissues. There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rates of FOXO1 and p-FOXO1 among patients stratified by gender, age, Ann Arbor staging, immunophenotype, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, lactate dehydrogenase, international prognostic index, β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) and primary sites (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of FOXO1 in patients with non-B symptoms was higher than that in those with B symptoms [53.6% (15/28) vs. 21.4% (3/14), χ2=3.938, P=0.047], and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of p-FOXO1 among patients with or without B symptoms ( P > 0.05). The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate in FOXO1 positive group was higher than that in FOXO1 negative group (90.9% vs. 66.7%), the 2-year OS rate in p-FOXO1 positive group was lower than that in p-FOXO1 negative group (50.0% vs. 85.0%), and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Among patients without B symptoms, the 2-year OS rate in FOXO1 positive group was higher than that in FOXO1 negative group (100.0% vs. 50.0%, χ2=5.486, P=0.019). Among patients with primary lymph node, elevated β 2-MG and non-B symptoms, the 2-year OS rate in p-FOXO1 negative expression group was higher than that in p-FOXO1 positive group (100.0% vs. 50.0%, 100.0% vs. 25.0%, 91.7% vs. 33.3%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:FOXO1 may be involved in the development and progression of DLBCL, and FOXO1 positive expression may indicate the good prognosis of patients. These results suggest that p-FOXO1 positive expression may be related with poor prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among male students who had sex with men (MSM) with different sexual behavior patterns using potential categories, so as to provide evidence for determining the use patterns of PrEP consistent with MSM. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted by proportional sampling method on MSM in 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China from 20 October to 30 December 2021, a total of 1 040 students were selected for the study. Latent variable analyses were conducted on a total of seven sexual behavioral characteristics, including knowledge of sexual partner HIV infection, frequency of condom use, number of sexual partners, engaging in group sex, provision of commercial sex, use of sex aids, and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the past year. And demographic characteristics were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The rates of PrEP awareness, willingness to use and usage rate in different sexual behavior risk groups were investigated. Results: Student MSM could be divided into two potential category groups:a lowrisk behavior group (82.4%) and a highrisk behavior group (17.6%). The PrEP usage rate (15.8%) was higher in the highrisk behavior group, and the difference was statistically significant compared to the lowrisk behavior group (7.2%) (χ2=13.43, P<0.05). Student MSM residing in the northeast, south, and northwest of China, in the pilot city, and with a sex role of "0.5" (possible acceptance and insertion of sexual behavior) were more likely to be in the highrisk behavior group (OR=3.13, 3.07, 3.87, 2.22, 1.66, P<0.05). Conclusion Student MSM in highrisk and lowrisk sexual differs in the behavior of PrEP, and targeted interventions should be implemented to promote the use of PrEP and reduce HIV infection in this population.

This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of Qing-Fei Tong-Luo (QFTL) ointment for treating children with pneumonia.Randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted among 460 cases of children with pneumonia.The observation group was given QFTL ointment combined with basic treatment.And the control group was only treated by basic treatment.Evaluation was given on the total clinical efficacy,disappeared time of fever,cough,expectoration,shortness of breath,and medication safety.The incidence of respiratory diseases was followed up on the 30th days after drug withdrawal.The results showed that in the aspect of clinical efficacy between two groups,the cure rate of the observation group was 98.26％,and that of the control group was 93.89％,with statistic significance (P ＜ 0.05).The cure rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group.There was statistical difference on expectoration disappeared time (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference on disappeared time of fever,cough and shortness of breath (P ＞ 0.05).There was statistical difference on the incidence of respiratory diseases on the 30th days followed-up after drug withdrawal (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection,pneumonia and asthma (P ＞ 0.05).No adverse reactions occurred in the observation group.It was concluded that QFTL ointment combined with basic therapy on the treatment of pneumonia in children was significantly better than the control group in the aspect of clinical efficacy,expectoration disappeared time and the incidence of bronchitis.It is safe and effective.The prognosis is good and worthy of promotion in the clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi （DHYZ）in improving astrocyte injury in the brain and regulating energy metabolism and autophagy disorder in Alzheimer's disease （AD） model mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + DHYZ group （2.5 g·kg^-1）， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + DHYZ group （2.5 g·kg^-1）， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control group and the model group were administered with an equal volume of sterilized normal saline by gavage， once a day for 150 days. Novel object recognition test and step-down test were performed to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） in astrocytes was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to detect adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate （ADP）， and adenosine monophosphate （AMP） in brain tissues of mice， and the data obtained were used to calculate energy charge （EC） levels. The phosphorylation levels of liver kinase B1 （LKB1）， adenosine 5′-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1， microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， and p62 in mouse brain were measured by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased novel object recognition index， shortened retention latency， increased error times in the step-down test， up-regulated protein expression of GFAP， decreased content of ATP， ADP， and EC in brain tissues， elevated AMP ， increased levels of p-AMPK， p-LKB1， and p-mTOR， and protein expression of p62 ， and down-regulated p-ULK1 level and protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ（P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + DHYZ group. Compared with the model group， the model + DHYZ group showed increased novel object recognition index（P<0.05）， prolonged retention latency（P<0.01）， decreased error times（P<0.01） in the step-down test， reduced protein expression of GFAP（P<0.05）， increased content of ATP， ADP， and EC in brain tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased AMP content（P<0.05）， reduced p-AMPK， p-LKB1， and p-mTOR levels and protein expression of p62， and up-regulated p-ULK1 level and protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ（P<0.01）. ConclusionBy protecting astrocytes， DHYZ can improve energy metabolism and autophagy disorder in AD mice to improve the learning and memory ability of model mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi in improving astrocyte injury and protecting synaptic structure and function in the brain of Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg^-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg^-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group and the model + Dihuang Yinzi group were administered with Dihuang Yinzi by gavage， and those in the control group and the model group received an equal volume of sterilized normal saline， once a day for 150 days. The learning and memory ability of mice was tested by the light-dark box test and Y-maze spontaneous alternation test. The content of glutamate （Glu） and glutamine （Gln） was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Long-term potentiation （LTP） assay was used to detect synaptic plasticity in brain tissues. The protein expression levels of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 （EAAT2）， postsynaptic density protein95 （PSD95）， and synaptophysin （SYN） in brain tissues were measured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the localization and expression of EAAT2. Colorimetry was performed to detect Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase activity in mouse brain tissues. ResultAs compared with the control group， the model group showed shortened residence latency （P<0.01）， increased number of errors （P<0.01） in the light-dark box test， reduced spontaneous alternation behaviors （P<0.01）， no significant difference in the total number of arm entries in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test， down-regulated expression of EAAT2， PSD95， and SYN （P<0.01）， blunted activity of Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase （P<0.01）， up-regulated Glu level （P<0.01）， down-regulated Gln level （P<0.01）， and reduced relative population spike （PS） amplitude and the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potential （EPSP） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group. Compared with the model group， the model + Dihuang Yinzi group displayed prolonged residence latency （P<0.05）， decreased number of errors （P<0.01） in the light-dark box test， increased spontaneous alternation behaviors （P<0.01）， no significant difference in the total number of arm entries in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test， up-regulated expression of EAAT2， PSD95， and SYN （P<0.01）， potentiated activity of Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase （P<0.01）， reduced Glu level （P<0.01）， up-regulated Gln level （P<0.01）， and increased PS amplitude and EPSP slope （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve cognitive dysfunction in AD mice by protecting astrocytes， increasing Glu uptake to reduce its abnormal accumulation， and protecting synaptic structure and function.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi in improving astrocyte injury and glycolysis in Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice via regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， thereby improving the cognitive function of AD mice. MethodForty male APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged four months were randomly divided into a model group and a model + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg^-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. Forty C57BL/6J mice with the same background and same age were randomly divided into a control group and a control + Dihuang Yinzi （0.25 g·kg^-1） group， with 20 mice in each group. The mice in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group and the model + Dihuang Yinzi group were administered with Dihuang Yinzi by gavage， and those in the control group and the model group received an equal volume of sterilized normal saline， once a day for 150 days. Morris water maze test was performed to test the ability of navigation and space exploration of mice. The protein expression of p-PI3K， PI3K， p-Akt， Akt， phosphofructokinase-1 （PFK-1）， and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member B2 （ALDH3B2） in mouse brain tissues was measured by Western blot. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect astrocyte morphology and the expression level of ALDH3B2. ResultAs compared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency during the 2^nd to 5^th days of the location-based navigation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced number of times crossing the target area of the platform， shortened residence time in the target quadrant （P<0.05， P<0.01）， prolonged residence time in the opposite quadrant （P<0.05）， increased surface area of the cell body and total length of cell protrusions of astrocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， ALDH3B2， and PFK-1 （P<0.01）， while the above experimental indexes were not significantly different in the control + Dihuang Yinzi group. Compared with the model group， the model + Dihuang Yinzi group showed shortened escape latency of APP/PS1 mice during the 2^nd to 5^th days of the location-based navigation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased number of times crossing the platform， prolonged target quadrant residence time （P<0.05， P<0.01）， shortened residence time in the opposite quadrant （P<0.05）， reduced surface area of the cell body and total length of cell protrusions of astrocytes （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein expression of p-PI3K， p-Akt， ALDH3B2， and PFK-1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve the learning and memory ability of AD mice by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and up-regulating the protein expression of PFK-1 and ALDH3B2 to protect against astrocyte injury in brain tissues and improve glycolysis.

Inflammation-associated proteinase functions are key determinants of inflammatory stromal tissues deconstruction. As a specialized inflammatory pathological process, dental internal resorption (IR) includes both soft and hard tissues deconstruction within the dentin-pulp complex, which has been one of the main reasons for inflammatory tooth loss. Mechanisms of inflammatory matrix degradation and tissue resorption in IR are largely unclear. In this study, we used a combination of Cre-loxP reporter, flow cytometry, cell transplantation, and enzyme activities assay to mechanistically investigate the role of regenerative cells, odontoblasts (ODs), in inflammatory mineral resorption and matrices degradation. We report that inflamed ODs have strong capabilities of matrix degradation and tissue resorption. Traditionally, ODs are regarded as hard-tissue regenerative cells; however, our data unexpectedly present ODs as a crucial population that participates in IR-associated tissue deconstruction. Specifically, we uncovered that nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB) signaling orchestrated Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) and Cathepsin K (Ctsk) functions in ODs to enhance matrix degradation and tissue resorption. Furthermore, TNF-α increases Rankl/Opg ratio in ODs via NF-κB signaling by impairing Opg expression but increasing Rankl level, which utterly makes ODs cell line 17IIA11 (A11) become Trap⁺ and Ctsk⁺ multinucleated cells to perform resorptive actions. Blocking of NF-κB signaling significantly rescues matrix degradation and resorptive functions of inflamed ODs via repressing vital inflammatory proteinases Mmps and Ctsk. Utterly, via utilizing NF-κB specific small molecule inhibitors we satisfactorily attenuated inflammatory ODs-associated human dental IR in vivo. Our data reveal the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory matrix degradation and resorption via proteinase activities in IR-related pathological conditions.
Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism* ; Minerals/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Odontoblasts/metabolism* ; Osteoclasts/metabolism* ; RANK Ligand/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*