The study intended to evaluate the combined examination of transient flash visual evoked potential (T-FVEP) and steady-state flash visual evoked potential (SS-FVEP) in diagnosis of optic neuropathy and macular disease. T-FVEP and SS-FVEP were examined in 22 cases (29 eyes) with optic neuropathy, 8 cases (9 eyes) with macular disease and 32 cases (32 eyes) of controls. The positive rates of T-FVEP and SS-FVEP in diagnosis of optic neuropathy were 83% and 100% respectively; that of combined examination was 100%. The positive rates of T-FVEP and SS-FVEP in diagnosis of macular disease were 5/9 and 7/9, and that of combined examination was 8/9. The positive rates of combined examination of T-FVEP and SS-FVEP in diagnosis of optic neuropathy and macular disease are higher than that of T-FVEP and SS-FVEP alone, and should be used routinely in the diagnosis of visual pathway disease.

Our study demonstrated that ARS cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells with changes in phenotype, nonspecific esterase activity and phagocytic function by adding ginsenosides in short-term cultures. Synthesis of DNA, mitosis and the growth of the culture cells transplanted in mouse are also inhibited in this condition. The size of cells, nuclei and nucleoli, as well as nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of ginsenosides treated cells are diminished significantly. Microvilli of these cells are reduced in number with formation of. ruffles on the cell surface. Mitochondria are increased, their size and distribution become regular. The fact that numerous small cells, induced by ginsenosides exhibit the most conspicuous alteration mentioned above along with marked phagocytic activity indicates that they are highly differentiated macrophage-like cells. Whether the inhibition of cell growth and induction of differentiation by ginsenosides is caused through its action on the molecules regulating the gene expression of cell growth and differentiation needs further study.

Objective To examine the expression of potassium channel mRNA in myocardial tissue of mice with low selenium.Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight(18-22 g),10 mice in each group,half male and half female.The low-selenium treatment groups were fed with low-selenium diet(selenium content was 0.004 mg/kg) for 4,12 and 24 weeks,respectively,and the control group was fed with normal diet(selenium content was 0.256 mg/kg).The mice were killed by cutting neck method,hearts were taken out and RNA was extracted by Trizol method.The expressions of potassium ion channel genes (KCNA4,KCND2,KCND3,KCNE1,KCNE2,KCNJ2,KCNJ12 and KCNQ1) at the mRNA level in heart were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results In low-selenium 4 weeks group,the mRNA expressions of KCNA4 gene(25.3 ± 0.09) and KCND2 gene(4.85 ± 0.05) were higher than that of the control group (1.00 ± 0.00,1.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05); in low-selenium 24 weeks group,the mRNA expression of KCNJ12 gene (22.7 ± 0.10) was higher than that of the control group(1.00 ± 0.00,P ＜ 0.05); the mRNA expressions of KCND3,KCNE1,KCNE2,KCNJ2,KCNQ1 genes were compared with the corresponding control groups,the differences were not statistically significant(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Low selenium can affect the mRNA expression of mouse cardiac potassium ion channel genes.

Zang-fu syndrome differentiation from Huangdi Neijing, laid the theoretical foundation. Hua Tuo'S Zhongzhang Jing, Sun Simiao's Qianjin-Yaofang, Zhang Yuansu Yixue-Qiyuan and other ancient physicians enriched the Zang-fu theory.Zang-fu syndrome differentiation became systematic and widely used in clinical. This paper traced the source of the theory, explored the development of syndrome differentiation theory.

Objective To study the protective effects of nitroxides against hu man keratinocytes oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and its possible mechanisms. Methods Normal human keratinocyte cultures obtained from foreskin were served as test-system. Human keratinocytes were cultured in human keratinocytes growth m edia (KGM) without serum and supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L Ca2+. Experiments wer e performed in culture when the cells grew to fuse. Oxidative damage was induced by adding H2O2 directly to the culture media at different concentrations in the present and absence of nitroxides [(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPO) a nd 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPOL)]. The cell viability w as monitored and the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activ ities of glutathione-peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catal ase were evaluated. Results ①H2O2 could cause damage to human keratinocytes dir ectly. There was a significantly negative correlation between H2O2 concentration and cell viability. ②The level of GSH in keratinocytes lowered with treatment of H2O2. The activities of GSH-Px, SOD and catalase decreased. ③Pretreatment o f the cells with TEMPO and TEMPOL inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2 on cell viability and on cell antioxidant enzymatic systems. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that nitroxides may provide protection for cultured human kera tinocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. It is proposed that the effec ts of nitroxides against cell oxidative damage be related to their protection of cellular enzymatic activities and maintaining cellular antioxidant systems.

Objective To observe the influence of selenocysteine synthase(SEPSECS) on injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EVC-304 induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods Transfection was conducted to transfect EVC-304 which was maintained in vitro. The cells were divided into four groups: control group, SEPSECS over-expression group, empty vector group and SEPSECS silenced expression group, then Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to detected SEPSECS mRNA and protein expression , respectively. Flow cytometry(FCM) was performed to detect cell cycle. Different concentrations of H2O2, which including 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 μmol/L, were used to treat EVC-304 . Then malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) secreted by the cells which were treated with H2O2 for 6 h, were checked by MDA or SOD kit. Results The SEPSECS mRNA expressions of control, SEPSECS silenced expression, empty vector and SEPSECS over-expression groups were 1.03 ± 0.24, 0.43 ± 0.11, 0.98 ± 0.27 and 1.61 ± 0.13, respectively. The protein expressions of control, SEPSECS silenced expression, empty vector and SEPSECS over-expression groups were 1.00 ± 0.26, 0.51 ± 0.10, 1.12 ± 0.38 and 1.51 ± 0.20, respectively. There was a significant difference between control and SEPSECS silenced expression groups (all P<0.05), at the same time , this phenomenon was also observed between empty vector and SEPSECS over-expression groups (all P<0.05). The level of MDA was increased along with the H2O2 concentration. Besides, cell cycle was also tested, however, significant difference was not observed(all P > 0.05). Meanwhile, MDA of SEPSECS silenced expression groups[(15.8 ± 0.5),(19.6 ± 1.5)μmol/L] were significantly higher than control groups[(12.4 ± 0.1),(17.1 ± 0.5)μmol/L, all P < 0.05], on the other hand, MDA of SEPSECS over-expression groups[(10.8 ± 0.4),(14.2 ± 1.1)μmol/L] were lower than empty vector groups [(12.7 ± 0.7),(16.2 ± 1.1)μmol/L, all P < 0.05], when the H2O2 concentration was 800 or 1 000μmol/L. The level of SOD was decreased along with the H2O2 concentration. SOD of SEPSECS silenced expression groups[(7.7 ± 0.4),(2.4 ± 0.3)μmol/L] were lower than control groups[(10.0 ± 1.0),(6.0 ± 0.6)μmol/L, all P < 0.05], on the contrary, SOD of SEPSECS over-expression groups[(11.3 ± 0.6),(12.7 ± 1.6)μmol/L] were higher than empty vector groups[(9.2 ± 0.6),(6.7 ± 0.2)μmol/L, all P < 0.05], when the H2O2 concentration was 800 or 1 000μmol/L. Conclusion Expression of SEPSECS has a significant protective role on damaged EVC-304 which was induced by H2O2.

Objective To compare the difference of training field of nurse specialist between America and China, and offer proposals to the development of Chinese nurse specialist. Methods Network information resources and citespace were used to conclude and compare training field of nurse specialist. Results The nurse specialist training in America has a mature system meanwhile it is not yet mature in China. Conclusions Reference to the mature development experience of America, combining the actual situation of China, suitable strategy should be developed for the Chinese nurse specialist training.

Objective To study the effects of self-management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) on the function and quality of life in old patients. Methods From October 2011 to April 2012, 100 patients with KOA from 2 communities in Tangshan, Hebei were recruited, and were as control group and intervention group based on the community. The intervention group learned a KOA self-management course, which consisted of 6 classes of 1.5 to 2 hours, once a week, taught by health professionals. The control group read the KOA self-management handbook only. They were measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2nd version- Short Form (AIMS2- SF) before and 6 months after intervention. Results The score of WOMAC and AIMS2-SF improved more in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The KOA self-management program is effective on function and quality of life in old patients with KOA in community.

Objective To investigate the features of the auditory mismatch response (MMR) elicited from the preschoolers and adults.Methods 9 preschoolers aged 3-6 and 8 adults were elicited and measured MMR to speech sounds (/bal/, /pal/) using the Oddball paradigm.Results The response was typical mismatch negativity in adults, and was slow positive waves with larger amplitude in the preschoolers.MNOVA results showed that there were significantly differences between the 2 groups, said the latency of MMRs was significantly longer and the amplitude was larger in the preschoolers than in the adults (P<0.05). Conclusion Stable MMRs with distinct characters in preschoolers and adults have been obtained respectively.

Objective To investigate the self-care ability and life quality in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and analyze the correlation between them .Methods One hundred outpatients with chronic hepatitis B were surveyed by the exercise of self-care agency scale ( ESCA ) and the short form-36 health survey ( SF-36), and the correlation between self-care ability and life quality was analyzed .All data were processed by the statistical software SPSS 16.0.Results ESCA totel score for patients with chronic hepatitis was (97.53 ± 18.75 ) , in the medium level .The scores of different dimensions in SF-36 including physiological function , physical role, body pain, general health were respectively (79.8 ±17.5), (65.3 ±32.1), (74.6 ±19.9), (55.7 ±18.6), and were lower than those in the adult norm , and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.08, 4.02, 3.59, 5.19, respectively;P<0.01).SF-36 other dimension scores were lower than that of the adult norm,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The Personal correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the scores of ESCA and SF-36 in patients with chronic hepatitis B ( r=0.262-0.528,P<0.05).Conclusions The self-care ability and life quality in patients with chronic hepatitis B are at low level , and improving their self-care ability is helpful to improve their health condition and keep the better life quality .