Objective To investigate the current situation of prediabetic self-efficacy of middle aged and elderly prediabetes and its influencing factors. Method Unified questionnaires were used to investigate the self-efficacy of 234 prediabetes and its influencing factors. Results The total scores of self-efficacy in the middle-aged and elder prediabetes were at moderate level. The score of the older patients was significantly higher than that of the middle aged (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that marital status and disease knowledge were main factors impacted their self-efficacy of the middle aged and family history of diabetes and the disease knowledge were the main factor affecting the self-efficacy of the elderly prediabetes. Conclusions The self-efficacy of middle-aged and elderly prediabetes is at middle level. Nurses need to enhance the knowledge of the prediabetic patients, attaching more attention to those not in marriage and those without history of diabetes so as to strengthen their self-efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Nimodipine hydrogel patch and to investigate the effects of different factors on the in vitro percutaneous permeability of nimodipine.METHODS: Nimodipine hydrogel patch was prepared with sodium carboxymethylcellulose as matrix.The permeation flux of nimodipine through excised mice skin in vitro was determined using Franz diffusion cell.The content of nimodipine was measured by HPLC.Accumulative transdermal delivery of nimodipine(Q) and transdermal speed constant(Js) were calculated.The loading amounts,type of transdermal enhancer(menthol,azone and oleic acid) and their content were optimized with the value of Q and Js as index.RESULTS: The best loading amount was 4 mg?cm-2.Different transdermal enhancers were found to increase the percutaneous permeability of nimodipine.5% oleic acid had the best penetration enhancing effect.The permeation of samples containing 5% oleic acid was in accordance with the zero-order kinetics.Nimodipine hydrogel transdermal patch presented high Js of 28.10 ?g?cm-2?h-1 and Q of 342.58 ?g?cm-2 in 12 h.CONCLUSION: Nimodipine hydrogel patch has good potential for transdermal delivery.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different elutions of Hyssopus cuspidatus on smooth muscle contraction of isolated tracheal in Guinea pigs. METHODS:Isolated tracheal rings were prepared and soaked in Krebs-Henseleit,using acetyl-choline(ACh,1×10-7 g/mL)or histamine(His,1×10-6 g/mL)to induce contraction of tracheal rings,then the effects of H. cuspi-datus water elution and 30%,50%,60%,70%,95%ethanol elutions with mass concentrations of 0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64,1.28, 2.56 mg/mL on contraction of tracheal rings were respectively investigated. Contraction curves were recorded and antispasmodic rates were calculated. Tests were treated with saline as blank control and aminophylline (0.08 mg/mL) as positive control. RE-SULTS:Compared with blank control,0.16-2.56 mg/mL 30%,50% ethanol elution,0.32-2.56 mg/mL 60% ethanol elution and 0.64-2.56 mg/mL 70%,95% ethanol elution can obviously inhibit ACh-induced contraction of tracheal rings,antispasmodic rates were obviously increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);0.32-2.56 mg/mL water elution and 30%,50% ethanol elution,0.16-2.56 mg/mL 60%,70% ethanol elution and 1.28-2.56 mg/mL 95% ethanol elution can obviously inhibit His-induced contraction of tracheal rings,antispasmodic rates were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The effects of 2.56 mg/mL 60% ethanol elution ap-proach to aminophylline. CONCLUSIONS:Different elutions of H. cuspidatus has certain antagonistic effect on the ACh-induced or His-induced smooth muscle contraction of isolated tracheal in Guinea pigs;60% ethanol elution shows the strongest effect, which has similar effects with aminophylline at high mass concentration.

Objective To investigate the expression of IgG4 in liver tissues of patients with type Ⅰ autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and to analyze the clinical manifestation,biochemical indexes,immunological genetic features,pathological characteristics and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.Methods From March 2012 to July 2013,45 patients diagnosed as type Ⅰ AIH were enrolled.Immunostaining of CD38,IgG and IgG4 in liver tissue slices was performed,inflammation grade G and fibrosis stage S were determined.At the same time,serological indexes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),IgG,antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer,antibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPRAb)) of the patients were collected,serum IgG4 was tested and the response to immunosuppressive therapy was observed.Wilcoxon rank sum test and t test were performed for quantitative data comparison.Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results Among 45 patients with type Ⅰ AIH,five patients (11.1％) were IgG4 associated AIH (IgG4-AIH group).There were no significant differences in age,gender,biochemical indexes (serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP),immunity indexes (serum levels of IgG,ANA titer,ASGPRAb) and degree of liver fibrosis between patients with IgG4-associated AIH and classical AIH (40 cases) (all P＞ 0.05).Compared with classical AIH group (18.3(6.7) mg/L).The serum level of IgG4 of IgG4 AIH group was 25.8(9.2) mg/L,which significantly increased (Z=-2.041,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in serum level of IgG4 between the two groups (P＞0.05).There was no correlation between the number of infiltrated IgG4 positive plasma cells and the serum level of IgG4 (r=0.311,P=0.279).The inflammation in the liver tissues of IgG4-AIH group was more significant compared with that of classic AIH group (H=4.120,P＜0.05).The number of CD38' or IgG+ plasma cells was larger compared with that of classical AIH (CD38(39.3(13.5)/high power field (HPF) vs (21.3(8.8))/HPF,IgG(39.3 (14.0))/HPFvs (18.5(8.9))/HPF;Z ＝-3.561 and-3.584,both P＜0.01).The number of IgG4+ plasma cells in liver tissues was positively correlated with the number of CD38+ or IgG+ plasma cells (r=0.884 and 0.791,both P＜0.01).Conclusions Among patients with type Ⅰ AIH,the incidence of IgG4-associated AIH was not high.The serum level of IgG4 did not significantly increase in these patients.However,the histological inflammation activity was significant along with many CD38+ or IgG+ plasma cells infiltration.

BACKGROUND: A large number of preclinical experimental data have shown that stem cells can regulate the immune function, and serve the function of cell replacement. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke, based on which, we further discuss the specific mechanisms. METHODS: We conducted a systematic and comprehensive search in PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Ovid, EBSCO databases. The range of retrieval time was from 2012 to 2017. The keywords were stem cells, stroke, inflammation, immune. Totally 110 articles were retrieved initially, and 47 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By reading extensive literature, we analyzed and summarized the research status quo of the anti-inflammatory effects of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The mechanisms mainly include reducing focal inflammation, immune regulation, promoting the secretion of various neurotrophic factors, reducing secondary cell death, protecting neurons and promoting cell function recovery and further promoting the recovery of nerve function. The mechanisms underlying local immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells are mainly described as the shift from M1 to M2 macrophages under the intervention of stem cell factors, to intervene secreted immune cytokine profiles and exert effects on inhibition and polarization of glial cells. Further investigation is required on the anti-inflammatory effects and immune regulation of stem cell therapy for stroke.

Objective To optimize prescription for double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository. Methods Amounts of PEG400, PEG4000, HPMC were selected as influence factors for L9(34) orthogonal experiment. A comprehensive assessment was conducted by setting the cumulative release degree at three different time points as index, and the inner and outer layers of double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository were optimized. Results The best prescription was the inner HPMC∶PEG4000∶PEG400=1.5∶10∶4;outer HPMC∶PEG4000∶PEG400=0.5∶10∶4. Conclusion Prescription for double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository has good forming property and a good sustained-release effect according to the optimized prescription, which has certain reference value for researches and development of TCM suppository.

Objective To explore the relationship between dipeptidyl peptidaseⅡ(DPPⅡ) and the pathogenesis of congenital cataract.Methods Eighty SCR rats with congenital cataract were randomly divided into four groups:8,10,12 and 14 weeks groups(n=20).Normal Wistar rats at each age were used as control groups.Immunohistochemical experiments using the streptavidin-biotin immunoper-oxidase method were used to observe the immunoreactivity changes of DPPⅡ in lens in SCR rats at different time(8,10,12,14 weeks).Results The immunoreactivities of DPPⅡ in the lens epithelial cells and fibres of cataractous lenses of all ages were higher than those in control groups.At the 12th and 14th week,immunoreactive staining of DPPⅡwas found to extend into the perinuclear region.Conclusion The immunoreactivity of DPPⅡ is enhanced in cataractous rat lenses.DPPⅡ may be participated in the proteolytic modification of lens proteins during cataractogenesis.

Objective:To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of silk fibroin peptides (SFP) on acute alcoholism in mice. Methods:In first experiment, the mice were randomly divided into four groups, and every group was treated by 56o alcohol (ethanol dosage 7.56 ml/kg bw) via i.g. Eighty mice were fed normal saline (NS) and different dosages of SFP (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 g/kg bw) 30 min later respectively, then the rate of ebriety and time of sobriety were determined. Another 72 mice were also divided into four groups and given NS and SFP similarly. The concentration of ethanol in serum was measured 1 h, 2 h and 4 h later respectively. In second experiment, the mice were also divided into four similar groups, but 56o alcohol was given at 6.16 ml/kg?bw via i.g. NS and SFP were given similarly, 0.5 h before alcohol. Two experiments were performed to observe the effect of SFP on prevention of temulence. Results:The time of sobriety and concentration of ethanol of SFP groups fed 0.5 and 2.5g/kg bw were lower significantly than those of NS group (P

Objective To investigate the cognition and participation on organ donation in ICU medical staff and analyze the influencing factors, thus to provide reference for the development organ donation promotion measures. Methods 265 ICU medical staff were chosen by convenient sampling method from 10 three-level hospitals in Chongqing and were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the cognition, willingness and its influencing factors towards organ donation. Results ICU medical staff′s understanding of brain death, significance, basic conditions and concepts of organ donation were 67.2% (178/265), 61.1% (162/265), 60.0% (159/265), 55.8% (148/265) respectively, but understanding of Principles , registration methods, laws and regulations, and procedures of organ donation were 24.5%(65/265), 12.1%(32/265), 7.9%(21/265), 4.5%(12/265) respectively. 47.5%(126/265) ICU medical staff were willing to donate their own organs, 35.8%(95/265) were consented to relative′s organ donation and 4.5% (12/265) were organ donation applications. 89.1% (236/265) were affected by traditional ethical concepts, 70.2%(186/265) were for the publicity not enough, 51.7%(137/265) did not know about the procedures of organ donation, 37.0%(98/265) were for too much troubled procedures, and 43.8%(116/265) were for the ineffective work of relevant organizations. Conclusions Lacking in-depth understanding of organ donation and low willingness to donate organs in ICU medical staff in Chongqing. Mainly associated with the effect of traditional concept and lack of propaganda to the donation.

Objective: Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of carcinoma mortality; hence, the timely blocking of the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma has become a research hotspot. The present study aims to investigate the expression levels of Tiam-1 mRNA and HPA-1 mRNA and their correlation with the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: From May 2009 to Jan 2012, 65 hepatocellular carcinoma patients admitted consecutively in our hospital for surgical treatment were included in this study. Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression levels of Tiam-1 mRNA and HPA-1 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma, paired adjacent hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cm from the carcinoma), and surgical marginal normal hepato mucosa tissues (5 cm from the carcinoma). RT-PCR was also used to analyze their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: The expression level of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (43.83±11.62) than in paired adjacent hepatocellular carcinoma (14.82±8.16) and normal hepato mucosa tissues (6.02±5.36) (P<0.001). The expression level of HPA-1 mRNA was higher in paired adjacent hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal hepato mucosa tissues (P<0.05). The expression of Tiam-1 mRNA was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (35.28±11.81) than in paired adjacent hepatocellular carcinoma (12.94±6.25) and normal hepato mucosa tissues (4.17±3.49) (P<0.05). The expression level of Tiam-1 mRNA was higher in paired adjacent hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal hepato mucosa tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of Tiam-1 mRNA and HPA-1 mRNA were closely associated with the degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, vessel metastasis, and TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis)staging of gastric carcinoma (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between Tiam-1 and HPA-1 (OR=0.523, P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of Tiam-1 mRNA and HPA-1 mRNA were high in hepatocellular carcinoma. Meanwhile, the increased ex-pression levels of Tiam-1 and HPA-1 can promote the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, the determination of Tiam-1 and HPA-1 may be valuable for the treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.