[Objective] To extract hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells using osmotic pressure swelling method, expected to achieve a hemoglobin dissolution rate of ≥80% and a cell membrane integrity rate of ≥70%. [Methods] Human umbilical cord blood red blood cells were used as raw materials and phosphate buffer solution was used as the swelling solution for red blood cells. A three factor three-level orthogonal experiment (n=3) was conducted to determine the optimal matching conditions for selecting the osmolality molar concentration of phosphate buffer solution, pH value of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution and volume ratio of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution to washed red blood cells. Red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions. The hemoglobin dissolution rate and cell membrane integrity rate were checked. In the expanded comparative experiment, red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions, which was filtered by ultrafiltration membranes. The filtration time and hemoglobin yield were checked. [Results] The optimal matching conditions for preparing red blood cell swelling solution were obtained through orthogonal experiment as follows: osmotic pressure molar concentration was 30 mOsmol/Kg, pH was 7.8, and phosphate buffer to red blood cell volume ratio was 6∶1. On the basis of the above conditions, the red blood cell swelling solution sample was compared with the original process sample: the hemoglobin dissolution rate was (82.4±1.8)% vs (78.6±3.0)% (P<0.05), and the cell membrane integrity rate was (65.8±4.0)% vs (28.7±2.3)% (P<0.05). In the expanded comparative experiment, the optimal matching conditions were compared with the original process conditions: filtration time(s) (327±9) vs (434±13) (P<0.05), and hemoglobin yield was (72.3±1.2)% vs (66.0±1.4)% (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Compared with the original preparation process, the hemoglobin extraction process which optimized through orthogonal experiments greatly reduces the cell membrane fragmentation rate and minimizes the entry of cell membrane matrix into the target solution, ensuring a slightly higher hemoglobin dissolution rate, and reducing the preparation difficulty for the subsequent cell membrane separation and further purification.

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xiuxia's clinical experience in treating hyperprolactinemia using the liver soothing therapy. Professor WANG identifies liver qi stagnation and rebellious chong qi （冲气） as the core pathomechanisms of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore， liver qi stagnation may transform into fire or lead to pathological changes such as spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction or kidney deficiency with essence depletion. The treatment strategy centers on soothing the liver， with a modified version of Qinggan Jieyu Decoction （清肝解郁汤） as the base formula. Depending on different syndrome patterns such as liver stagnation transforming into fire， liver stagnation with spleen deficiency， or liver stagnation with kidney deficiency， heat clearing， spleen strengthening， or kidney tonifying herbs are added accordingly. In addition， three paired herb combinations are commonly used for symptom specific treatment， Danggui （Angelica sinensis） with Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）， Zelan （Lycopus lucidus） with Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus） ， and Jiegeng （Platycodon grandiflorus） with Zisu （Perilla frutescens）.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

Objective To develop an Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients in China,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods According to the health belief model,the first draft of the scale was formed through literature review,semi-structured interview,research group discussion,2 rounds of expert correspondence and pre-survey.A total of 842 patients with lung cancer who received treatment in a tertiary A hospital in Zhengzhou City from October 2022 to April 2023 were selected for investigation,and item analysis,validity analysis,and reliability analysis were applied to adjust the items to form a formal scale.Results The Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients contained 24 items,and exploratory factor analysis generated 6 common factors,including physical rehabilitation benefits,emotional and mental benefits,information disorders,disease symptom disorders,condition disorders,and psychological disorders.The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 73.916％,and the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good,the x2/df was 2.371,the root mean square error of approximation was 0.057,the normed fit index was 0.924,and the comparative fit index was 0.954,the scale score was moderately positively correlated with the total score of the Frenchay activities index(r=0.529,P＜0.001).The Cronbach's α,coefficient,half reliability,and retest reliability of the scale were 0.884,0.741,and 0.889,respectively.Conclusion The Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients had good reliability and validity,and it can be used to effectively evaluate the exercise behavior perception status of lung cancer patients.

By summarizing the biological formation and component function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles, this manuscript discusses the potential usage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tuberculosis. It is concluded that both Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane vesicles and exosomes secreted by the host contain the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to participate in immune regulation, and play different roles in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles contain abundant biomarkers and have natural immunogenicity, which are expected to become new targets for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tuberculosis.

Chronic diseases occur repeatedly and progress slowly, and patients with chronic diseases are often accompanied by pressure such as changes in life rhythm, decreased activity ability and complications during treatment.Positive psychosocial factors play an important role in the development of chronic diseases, and the personal mastery, as an important protective psychological resource for individual self-management and stress coping, is of great significance for the improvement of patients ′ prognosis and quality of life.This article mainly reviews the influencing factors and intervention measures of personal control in patients with chronic diseases, aiming at providing reference for clinical nursing staff to develop and implement positive psychological intervention strategies for patients with chronic diseases.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection among the patients in neuro-surgical ICU,and to construct the risk prediction model to provide reference for the prediction of nosocomial infection in neurosurgical ICU patients.Methods The clinical data of 280 patients admitted and treated in the neurosurgery ICU of this hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The pa-tients were divided into the infection group and non-infection group based on whether or not nosocomial infec-tion occurring,140 cases in each group.A total of 196 patients were extracted as the training set by a ratio of 7︰3 for constructing the model,while the remaining 84 patients served as the validation set for conducting the internal verification.The logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in the neurosurgery ICU patients,and a predictive model was established.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive effect of the model.Results The multivariate logistic re-gression analysis indicated that old age,long surgery time,catheter use and glucocorticoids use were screened as the main risk factors of nosocomial infection occurrence in neurosurgery ICU patients.The nomogram mod-el was constructed based on the results of multivariate analysis,the area under the curve of training set and validation set were 0.796 and 0.875,respectively.The correcting model reflected good consistency between actual diagnosis and predictive diagnosis.Conclusion The model constructed in this study has the high predic-tive value for the nosocomial infection occurrence risk in the patients of the neurosurgery ICU.

OBJECTIVE To explore the self precipitation source of Erhuang powder, determine the content of related components and its efficacy on HeLa cells. METHODS Bifurcation study to identify the main compatibility of precipitating. The self precipitation, supernatant and extract of Erhuang powder were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS. The main compounds in Coptidis Rhizoma and Catechu, catechin, epicatechin, epicberberine, coptisine, berberine and palmatine were selected as controls. A analysis method of UHPLC for self precipitation, supernatant and extract of Erhuang powder was established and the related components were quantitatively determined. The effects of self precipitation, supernatant and extract on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT method and flow cytometry. RESULTS A slight flocculation precipitate appeared when the decoction of Erhuang powder was mixed in pairs, while a large amount of flocculation appeared when the decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma and Catechu water was mixed. The self precipitation, supernatant and extract samples contained 39 compounds, which were mainly alkaloids and phenolic acids. The contents of catechin and berberine in the 6 index components were mostly, which accounted for 73.56% of the total content of the index components in self precipitation and 61.89% of the total content of the index components in extract. Inhibition effect on HeLa cells: extract ≈ self precipitation > supernatant, and inducing apoptosis: self precipitate ≈ extract, supernatant had no apoptosis-inducing effect. CONCLUSION Coptidis Rhizoma-Catechu is the main compatible formula for precipitation formation. The self precipitation and extracts of Erhuang powder are mainly alkaloids and phenolic acids, among which berberine and catechin are high in content and can be used as representative components. The effect of self-precipitation and extract on HeLa cells was better than that of supernatant. This basically indicates that the self precipitation components and pharmacological effects of Erhuang powder are similar to those of the extract.

Objective:To explore the genetic basis and clinical phenotype of a Chinese pedigree affected with Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).Methods:A male patient who was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University on July 26, 2018 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the patient was collected. Next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out to detect the variant sites. Bioinformatic software was used to simulate the effect of candidate variants on the protein functions.Results:Ultrasound exam of the patient showed enhanced echo for the renal parenchyma. Kidney biopsy had confirmed the pathological diagnosis of FSGS (non-specific). Electronic microscopy displayed segmental sclerosis of the glomeruli, mild hyperplasia of mesangial cells and matrix. The proband was found to harbor two novel variants of the PLCE1 gene, namely c. 3199delA (p.N1067Mfs*15) and c.4441_4443delATC (p.1481_1481del), which were respectively inherited from his mother and father. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were rated as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP3; PM2_Supporting+ PM3+ PP3). Bioinformatic simulation suggested that both variants could significantly affect the tertiary structure of the PLCE1 protein. Conclusion:The c. 4441_4443delATC and c. 3199delA variants of the PLCE1 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of the FSGS in this pedigree.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with acute pancreatitis(AP),and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of elderly patients with AP.Methods Clinical data of AP patients treated in Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from March 2021 to March 2023 were collected and divided into elderly group(≥65 years old,167 cases)and non-elderly group(＜65 years old,303 cases)according to age.The clinical characteristics,biochemical indexes,mortality,intensive care unit(ICU)hospitalization rate,length of stay,Ranson score,Charlson comorbidity index(CCI)and so on were compared between the two groups.Results The age of elderly group was significantly higher than that of non-elderly group,lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum amylase,Ranson score,the proportion of cardiovascular complications,pulmonary complications,nervous system complications,CCI ≥ 2 and the incidence of jaundice were significantly higher than those of non-elderly group(P＜0.05).The mortality rate and ICU hospitalization rate of elderly group were significantly higher than that of non-elderly group,and the hospital stay was significantly longer than that of non-elderly group(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years,Ranson score ≥3,CCI≥ 2 and pancreatic necrosis were independent risk factors for death and ICU admission in AP patients(P＜0.05),age ≥65 years,pancreatic necrosis,and biliary causes were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with middle-aged and young patients,elderly AP patients have higher mortality,higher ICU hospitalization rate and longer hospital stay.Early identification and timely treatment are key factors to improve prognosis elderly AP patients.