Objective To explore the clinical application value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique in Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).Methods Fifty-three patients with HT and 46 health subjects were examed by conventional ultrasonography and VTQ, their shear were velocity (Vs) was measured.A receiver-operating characteristie(ROC) curve was drew according to Vs which can obtain the value of optimal operating point for diagnosing HT.Results The 2D ultrasonic appearance of 53 cases HT were classified into five species, but there was no significant difference in the Vs (F = 0.424, P = 0.790).The area under the ROC curve was 0.976,which showed a high statistical significances(P = 0.000).ROC curve displayed that Vs of 2.53 m/s could be used to diagnose HT,the sensitivity and specificity were 87％and 100％ ,respectively.Fifty-three patients with HT were classified into three groups according to thyroid function, 10 patients with hyperthyroidism, 25 patients with hypothyroidism and 18 patients with euthyroidism.The Vs of HT among the three groups were no significant difference(P = 0.884), but their Vs were all obviously higher than that of normal thyroid Vs(P = 0.000).Conclusions VTQ technique can evaluate the hardness of thyroid and has some help for differential diagnosis of HT.

Objective To approach the changes of cytosol phospholipase A2α(cPLA2α)and nitric oxide (NO)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its significance. Methods One hundred patients with COPD admitted into Department of Critical Care Medicine of Affiliated Wuqing Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM were enrolled,and according to the COPD severity grading standards,they were divided into mild group(25 cases),moderate group(25 cases),severe group(26 cases) and extremely severe group(24 cases);simultaneously,90 cases with normal pulmonary function who had taken health examination were chosen and assigned to the healthy control group. The cPLA2α level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the level of uric acid(UA),total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol (TG)were detected by enzymatic method,and serum NO metabolites(NOx)level was detected by nitrate reductase method. Results Compared with the healthy control group,the serum levels of cPLA2α and UA in patients with different severity of COPD were significantly increased;along with the increase of patient's COPD grade of severity,the cPLA2α,UA levels were gradually increased,while NOx level was gradually decreased in mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe groups〔cPLA2α(ng/L):125.60±8.17, 155.20±6.42, 190.20±9.32, 255.80±11.28 vs. 88.50±7.99;UA(μmol/L):381.23±32.22,434.95±87.71,464.81±52.65,487.45±82.61 vs. 241.95±52.33;NOx(μmol/L):59.90±17.52,45.60±6.17,38.20±4.08,25.70±3.04 vs. 74.90±18.31,all P<0.05〕. The differences in blood cPLA2αand serum NOx level among groups with different severity of COPD were of statistical significance(P<0.05). The levels of TC,TG among these different severity groups had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). The cPLA2αand NOx levels presented significant negative correlation(rs=-0.798,P=0.013). Conclusion The combined examination of blood cPLA2αand serum NOx levels can evaluate the severity degree of COPD patients,and cPLA2αcan be used as a new target index for COPD grading.

Objective: To examine the retention rate and caries prevention effect of fit-and-fissure sealants after 3 years of children oral disease comprehensive intervention program in Henan province. Methods: For each of the five provincial regions attending the program in 2015, two classes from grade 2 in four primary schools were selected. Children in two schools were assigned into intervention group and the first permanent molars which were appriopriate for sealing were sealed with pit-and-fissure sealants. Children in other two schools were included in the control group and the first permanent molars were only examined for caries conditions. Three years later, retention rate of pit-and-fissure sealants and the dental caries prevalence was compared. Results: Complete retention rate of sealants in the first permanent molars was 65.55% and the whole retention rate was 94.78%. The caries incidence and mean value of the first permanent molars in the intervention group children was 9.71%, (0.12±0.40) respectively whereas those in control group was 21.90%, (0.39±0.78) respectively. The differences between two groups were statistically significant(χ2/t=27.76, 6.91, P<0.01). The relatively effective rate of sealing for caries reduction was 63.43% and the actural effective rate was 6.51% and the pure yield rate of sealing was 12.19%. Higher sealant retention rate was associated caries prevalence(χ2=153.28, P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood oral disease intervention project in Henan Province shows positive effects. Sealing of the first permanent molars effectively prevent dental pit and fissure caries.

Infancy is the peak stage of weight gain,and overweight or obesity during this period may be closely linked to wheezing in infancy and the development of asthma in the future.Obesity has been proven to be a risk factor for asthma in adults and children,and numerous studies have shown the rationality of the mechanism.However,the relationship between weight and wheezing in infancy has rarely been reported.This review summarizes the latest research progresses of the relationship between them.

Objective To assess the efficacy of oral treatment and parenteral treatment in community acquired pneumonia( CAP) children by meta-analysis method. Methods Searches were made in MEDLINE、EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) from the establishment of the data base till September 2016. All randomized controlled trials about oral and parenteral treatment in community ac-quired pneumonia children were eligible. Review Manager 5. 3 was used to analyze the studies enroued in this meta-analysis. Results 4582 literatures were reviewed. Seven(n=5030)eligible trials were used for meta-a-nalysis. The treatment failure between community acquired pneumonia children treated with oral treatment and parenteral treatment was found no significant difference(OR =0. 82, 95% CI =0. 63-1. 08,P <0. 05). The treatment failure of oral treatment group was found to be significantly higher than parenteral treatment group in CAP children under 1 year of age(OR=2. 25,95%CI=1. 61-3. 14,P<0. 01). The treatment failure of children who had used antibiotics before included in the study was found to be significantly higher than those who had not used(OR=1. 94,95%CI=1. 50-2. 50,P<0. 01). The death rate of oral treatment group was found to be signif-icantly lower than the parenteral treatment group(OR=0. 31,95%CI=0. 11-0. 85,P=0. 02). There was no sig-nificant difference of relapse rate (OR=1. 28,95%CI=0. 34-4. 82) and loss to follow-up rate(OR=1. 08,95%CI=0. 77-1. 51) between the two group. Conclusion Oral treatment is as effective as parenteral treatment in CAP children. The death rate of oral treatment group is significantly lower than the parenteral treatment group.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance to pathogenic bacterial pathogen in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP),so as to provide recommendations for clinical rational use of anti-biotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the distribution and drug resistance to bacteria in CAP chil-dren admitted to Department of Respiration,Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 2014 to December 2015. Results There were 463 patients with positive sputum culture,and a total of 496 strains of pathogens were found. There were 273 Galanz negative bacteria,195 Galanz positive bacteria and 28 other rare bacteria,accounted for 55. 04％,39. 31％ and 5. 65％ of the total bacteria,respectively. The main pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus influenzae,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The highest detection rate of bacteria in 1-12 months children with CAP was Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli;in > 12 months children with CAP,the highest detection rate of bacteria was Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Both of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had a high resis-tance to Erythromycin,Clindamycin and Oxacillin. There were 11. 00％ Streptococcus pneumoniae and 94. 74％ taphy-lococcus aureus resistant to Penicillin,while they were not resistant to Vancomycin. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae both showed a high resistance to ampicillin,the second and third generation cephalosporins. Haemophilus influenzae were highly resistant to Compound sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin. Galanz negative bacteria had the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and Amikacin. Conclusions The main pathogens of CAP in children were G -bacteria. There were some differences among the isolates at different ages of CAP. Their resistance to very common anti-biotics was very high in children.

Objective: To explore periodontal health knowledge and behavior among adolescents aged 12-15 years in Henan Province so as to provide scientific basis for oral health care. Methods: According to the basic methods of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey, 3 786 school adolescents, aged 12-15 years, were selected from 12 middle schools in two district and two country in Henan by multi-stage stratified equal capacity random sampling. Oral examination and a questionnaire survey were performed among these students. Results: The rate of periodontal health was 6.08%, the prevalence of gingival bleeding in these adolescents was 93.92%, its calculus existence was 90.99%. The rate of brushing teeth was 77.79%. However, the rate of brushing teeth twice or more per day was 17.56%, the rate of using fluoride toothpaste was 4.57%. The rate of periodontal health of adolescents who brushing teeth, using fluoride toothpaste were higher than adolescents who did not brush teeth, did not use fluoride toothpaste (χ2=10.81, 5.96, P<0.05). The recognition of oral care knowledge was 62.31%; except for "bacteria can cause dental caries", the awareness rate of other related periodontal diseases is more than 50.00%. Conclusion The status of periodontal health among adolescents aged 12-15 in Henan Province was not optimistic. Adolescents are lake of knowledge and health behavior towards periodontal health, The promotion of adolescents’s oral health education should be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and associated factors of deciduous dental caries in 3-5 years old children in Henan Province, and to provide a epidemiological reference for prevention work of deciduous dental caries among children. Methods: According to the basic methods of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey, 12 kindergartens were randomly selected from 2 counties and 2 districts in Henan Province and a total of 1 296 children aged 3-5 years old were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage random sampling method. The deciduous teeth of these children were examined for caries and their guardians were surveyed with questionnaires regarding oral health behavior, knowledge and attitude. Results: Deciduous dental caries occurred in 755 children, accounting for 58.3% and the average decay-missing-filled teeth (dmft) was 2.83. The differences of prevalence of dental caries of boys and girls (60.5%, 56.0%) and mean dmft index (2.88, 2.78) were of no statistical significance(χ2/F=2.64, 0.22, P>0.05). The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft index for 3, 4 and 5-year-old group was 46.7%, 2.02 and 60.9%, 2.85 and 67.5%, 3.64, respectively. There was statistical significance among three age groups(χ2/F=40.00, 21.68, P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the dental caries prevalence and mean dmft index between urban (58.9%, 2.87) and rural area (57.7%, 2.79)(χ2/F=0.20, 0.16, P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, feeding pattern within the first six months after birth, dental care experience and self-perceived oral health status associated with deciduous caries in 3-5 year-old children in Henan Province(P<0.05). Conclusion Dental caries prevalence is highly prevalent among preschool children in Henan Province. Effective caries precaution measures should be taken to improve oral health level of these children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of remote monitoring of neonatal jaundice in newborns with ABO hemolytic disease. METHODS: Forty six neonates of gestational age >35 weeks with ABO hemolytic disease admitted to Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 20th, 2020 to February 29th, 2020 were enrolled in the study (study group). The newborns were followed up at home after discharge, the transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) levels were measured by parents using the provided device and the results were sent to the doctor by smart phone using the installed APP. Fifty six newborns with ABO hemolytic disease admitted in 2018 who received conventional outpatient follow-up after discharge served as the control group. The demographic characteristics, total serum bilirubin (TSB) level during hospitalization, number of outpatient visit and rate of re-admission due to rebound hyperbilirubinemia were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, gender, length of the first hospitalization, TSB level before phototherapy and before discharge, and the managements during the first hospitalization (all CONCLUSIONS The remote follow-up for neonatal jaundice at home can effectively reduce the number of outpatient visits without increasing the risk of readmission and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for newborns with ABO hemolytic disease.
Bilirubin ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal/diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/diagnosis* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/diagnosis* ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Phototherapy