BACKGROUND: A large number of preclinical experimental data have shown that stem cells can regulate the immune function, and serve the function of cell replacement. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke, based on which, we further discuss the specific mechanisms. METHODS: We conducted a systematic and comprehensive search in PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Ovid, EBSCO databases. The range of retrieval time was from 2012 to 2017. The keywords were stem cells, stroke, inflammation, immune. Totally 110 articles were retrieved initially, and 47 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By reading extensive literature, we analyzed and summarized the research status quo of the anti-inflammatory effects of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The mechanisms mainly include reducing focal inflammation, immune regulation, promoting the secretion of various neurotrophic factors, reducing secondary cell death, protecting neurons and promoting cell function recovery and further promoting the recovery of nerve function. The mechanisms underlying local immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells are mainly described as the shift from M1 to M2 macrophages under the intervention of stem cell factors, to intervene secreted immune cytokine profiles and exert effects on inhibition and polarization of glial cells. Further investigation is required on the anti-inflammatory effects and immune regulation of stem cell therapy for stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preservation of the structure and function of the trachea and larynx, the management of laryngotracheal defect when trachea and larynx was involved. METHOD: To review the management and clinical results of 13 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma with larynx and trachea involvement, the preservation of laryngotracheal structure and relative defect reconstruction of our department from 2007-2014. Those patients being performed total laryngectomy was excluded. 3 males and 10 females, aged from 46 to 67 years old with median age of 53 were included. Among them 8 cases were recurrent. The extent of the tumor foci was estimated with the help of computed tomography and laryngofiberoscope before surgery. Selective neck dissection, total thyroidectomy and related laryngotracheal resection was performed for the first time operation patient, while selective neck dissection, recurrent foci and related larynx and trachea resection was performed for those recurrent patients. Three kinds of modalities were applied to manage the laryngotracheal defect including to reconstruct with pedicled sternocleidomastoid clavicular periosteocutaneous flap, pedicled trapizius muscular flap and to preserve the remaining larynx and trachea and perform a stoma of larynx and trachea which repaired by a second-stage procedure. The patients were followed-up from half an year to 3 years. RESULT: Ten patients out of 13 decannulated while another 3 cases, 2 of which were performed local flap to reduce the stoma, wore tracheal tubes all time. CONCLUSION Either flap transfer or laryngotracheal stoma before second stage repair might preserve partial laryngotacheal anatomy and function in selected cases thus improve the life quality of the patients.
Aged ; Carcinoma ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Trachea ; surgery

Objective To explore the relationship between the plasma membrane glycoprotein ( PC-1 ) gene and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance in Chinese population. Methods 53 norma1 subjects, 105 simple obesity subjects, 63 type 2 diabetic patients and 114 obesity type 2 diabetics have been genotyped with PCR-RFLP. Results The frequency of PC-1 gene Q allele was 3%, 18%, 4% and 30% in control, obesity subjects, diabetic patients and obesity diabetic individuals, respectively. Compared with control group, the relative risk (RR) in OB group, OBH grop, OBI group, OBL group and OBHIL group was 4. 26,4. 12,7. 36,5. 15 and 9. 70, respectively. Compared with diabetes group, the RR in diabetes with DMOB, diabetes with OBH group, diabetes with OBI group, diabetes with OBL group and diabetes with OBHIL group was 5.23,7. 37,12. 07,8. 53 and 13. 50, respectively. Concluision The frequency of PC-1 gene Q allele were significantly associated with obesity, obesity diabetics and insulin resistance in Chinese. The results suggested that the PC-1 gene Q allele was a potential genetic marker for obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.

Objective To study the related factors of no or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine .Meth‐ods 120casesofadultreceivedinoculationofhepatitisBvaccineinourhospitalwereenrolled,including60casesofnoweakre‐sponse and 60 cases of normal response ,they were divided into non response group and response group .Related factors of no or weakimmuneresponsewereanalyzed.Results (1)singlefactoranalysis:Therewerestatisticalsignificanceofage,gender,BMI, smoking history ,HBV potential infection ,CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cell content ,IFN‐γand IL‐2 content between two groups ;(2) logistic regression analysis :old age ,male ,smoking history ,high values of BMI ,HPV latent infection ,low content of CD4+ T cells and IFN‐γand IL‐2 ,high content of CD8+ cells were risk factors of no or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine .Conclusion No or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine is affected by gender ,age ,smoking ,obesi‐ty ,potential infection of HPV and immune function ,and necessary measure should be taken .

Five influencing factors of the polymerization process of glutaraldehyde with hemoglobin were studied in cluding the approach of feeding glutaraldehyde, hemoglobin concentration, the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde and hemoglobin, reaction time and temperature, in order to reduce the average molecular weight and to improve the effective polymerization ratio. The results showed that the optimal process reduced the average molecular weight of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) from (350.20 +/- 35.45)kD to (158.60 +/- 8.70)kD and improved the effective polymerization ratio from 53.27% +/- 4.95% to 69.50% +/- 3.70%. When the experiments expanded 30 folds, the results of the effective polymerization ratio and the average molecular weight mentioned above could be achieved.
Female ; Glutaral ; chemistry ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; Placenta ; Polymerization ; Pregnancy

Objective To evaluate conventional ultrasound combined with real-time elastography in differential diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer with a logistic regression model.Methods Conventional ultrasound and real-time elastography were performed in 112 breast cancer patients with 113 axillary lymph nodes.All the cases were confirmed with pathological examinations after surgery. A binary logistic regression model based on ultrasonographic features was developed.A receiver operator characteristic ( ROC) curve was constructed to assess the performance of the model.Results There were 28 nodes with no metastasis and 85 with metastasis in a total of 113 axillary lymph nodes.Three ultrasonographic features including the elastic strain ratio(SR), elastic score and shape were finally selected into the logistic regression model .The correct rate of the logistic regression model for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis was 93.8%, and the area under ROC curve was 0.962.Conclusion The binary classification logistic regression model has a good diagnostic efficacy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant axillary lymph nodes,while real-time elastography can improve the accuracy of conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes.

Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effect of comprehensive traditional Chinese medical therapy for regulating spleen and stomach in treating tinnitus. Methods Telephone follow-up was carried out in 333 cases of qualified tinnitus outpatients and inpatients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine admitted from January of 2008 to December of 2014. All of the included patients were treated by comprehensive traditional Chinese medical therapy for regulating spleen and stomach. The degree of tinnitus was evaluated by Tinnitus Effect Questionnaire(TEQ) on the first visit and the last visit and during follow-up, and then the TEQ scores were analyzed by statistical methods. Results On the first visit, the mean TEQ scores were 11.17 ± 3.11. On the last visit, the mean treatment course was 33.64 ± 37.07 days, and the mean TEQ scores were 9.57 ± 3.43; 5 cases were cured, 25 were markedly effective, 79 were effective, 224 were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 32.73%. The interval of the first follow-up to the first visit averaged 32.89 ± 8.53 months, and the mean TEQ scores were 5.35 ± 3.71 during the interval; 20 cases were cured, 21 were markedly effective, 39 were effective, 43 were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 65.04%. The interval of the second follow-up to the first visit averaged 57.48 ± 7.91 months, and the mean TEQ scores were 3.42 ± 3.39 during the interval; 37 cases were cured, 21 were markedly effective, 26 were effective, 39 were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 68.29%. Conclusion Comprehensive traditional Chinese medical therapy for regulating spleen and stomach has certain effect in treating tinnitus, and the long-term effect is satisfactory.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique in Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).Methods Fifty-three patients with HT and 46 health subjects were examed by conventional ultrasonography and VTQ, their shear were velocity (Vs) was measured.A receiver-operating characteristie(ROC) curve was drew according to Vs which can obtain the value of optimal operating point for diagnosing HT.Results The 2D ultrasonic appearance of 53 cases HT were classified into five species, but there was no significant difference in the Vs (F = 0.424, P = 0.790).The area under the ROC curve was 0.976,which showed a high statistical significances(P = 0.000).ROC curve displayed that Vs of 2.53 m/s could be used to diagnose HT,the sensitivity and specificity were 87％and 100％ ,respectively.Fifty-three patients with HT were classified into three groups according to thyroid function, 10 patients with hyperthyroidism, 25 patients with hypothyroidism and 18 patients with euthyroidism.The Vs of HT among the three groups were no significant difference(P = 0.884), but their Vs were all obviously higher than that of normal thyroid Vs(P = 0.000).Conclusions VTQ technique can evaluate the hardness of thyroid and has some help for differential diagnosis of HT.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Wnt pathway inhibitor-ETC-159 on pro-liferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma(SCC-15)cells and to explore its mechanism.Methods SCC-15 cells were treated with DMSO and ETC-159 for 12 h or 24 h.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 kit.Transwell assay was used to de-tect the ability of cell migration.Western blotting was used to detect cell migration related to proteins i.e.Wnt3a and β-catenin,pro-liferation and migration related proteins i.e.c-Myc,cyclin D1,CD146.Results After treated with ETC-159 for 12 or 24 h,the proliferation,migration and expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin,c-Myc,cyclin D1 and CD146 in SCC-15 cells were significantly de-creased when compared to the DMSO group(P<0.05).Conclusion Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor-ETC-159 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of SCC-15 cells by decreased levels of c-Myc,cyclin D1 and CD146.

Objective To study the relationship between programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expressions and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods A total of 137 CHB patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fresh blood samples. HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was expanded in vitro in 64 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive patients. Flow cytometry was used to detect HLA-A2 type,expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 on PBMCs and PD-1 on HBV specific CTL. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)was measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. PD-1/PD-L1expressions on PBMCs, HBV-specific CTL and IFN-γ level in PBMC culture medium were compared among patients with different baseline HBV DNA levels. Ten hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive patients were treated with telbivudine for 24 weeks. The above mentioned parameters were determined and compared before and after the antiviral treatment. Independent-samples t test were used to compare means between two groups and one-way A NOVA were used to compare means among multigroups. We used the pearson corretation test to assess corretation significance. Results The PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions on PBMCs in patients with baseline HBV DNA＜3 lg copy/mL, 3-6 lg copy/mL and ＞6 lg copy/mL were all significant higher than those in healthy control group, but no statistical differences were found. PD-1 expressions on HBV-specific CTL in the three CHB patient groups were (69.3±11.2)%, (76.5±9. 1)% and (78.0±11.7)%, respectively. However, PD-1 expression on HBV-specific CTL was higher, while the frequency of HBV-specific CTL cells was lower in HBV DNA ＞6 lg copy/mL group compared to HBV DNA＜3 lg copy/mL group. The above parameters, including expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1, the frequency of HBV-specific CTL and its PD-1 expression were not significantly different between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group. Compared with baseline, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression decreased obviously accompanying with increase of HBV-specific CTL cells frequency and IFN-γ level after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of telbivudine treatment. Conclusions PD-1 expression on HBV-specific CTL correlates with serum HBV DNA level, but not HBeAg status in CHB patients. Suppression of HBV replication can reduce PD-1/PD-L1 expressions and partially restore HBV specific CTL function.