Objective:To establish the bacterial endotoxin test method and the abnormal toxicity test method for reduced glutathi -one for injection.Methods:According to the requirements and methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition, part IV), the bacte-rial endotoxin test and the abnormal toxicity test for reduced glutathione were studied .Results:The limit of bacterial endotoxin for re-duced glutathione was 0.125 EU· mg-1 , and the limit of abnormal toxicity was 1.0 g· kg-1 .Conclusion: The bacterial endotoxin test method and the abnormal toxicity test method are feasible .The abnormal toxicity should be supplemented in the quality standard for reduced glutathione , and the bacterial endotoxin test can replace the pyrogen test .

Objective:To investigate the expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with peri-implantitis and their relationships with bone resorption.Methods:80 implants of 80 patients with peri-implantitis from October 2015 to December 2018 were selected as the disease group and 80 implants of 80 peri-implant healthy persons checked at the same time were selected as the control group. The GCF of the examined teeth was collected with moisture absorbent paper tips; the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in GCF were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); the alveolar bone absorption around the implant was measured by X-ray; the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteopontin (OPN) in GCF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Pearson method was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in GCF and their correlations with bone resorption, IL-1β, TNF-α and OPN levels.Results:Compared with control group, probe depth (PD) (4.56±0.73)mm, plaque index (PLI) (2.21±0.44), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) (2.69±0.32), bone resorption (1.86±0.34), and miR-146a (2.46±0.43), miR-155 (4.20±0.57), IL-1β (75.48±10.29)ng/ml, TNF-α (54.16±9.23)ng/ml and OPN levels (252.41±42.03)pg/L in GCF were significantly higher than those in the disease group [(1.47±0.26)mm, (1.02±0.19), (0.94±0.21), (0.47±0.09), (0.97±0.16), (1.03±0.21), (44.52±8.14)ng/ml, (21.45±4.27)ng/ml, (181.91±36.28)pg/L] (all P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that the levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in GCF of patients with peri-implantitis were positively correlated ( r=0.558, P<0.05), and they were correlated with bone resorption, IL-1β, TNF-α and OPN levels respectively ( r=0.554, 0.606, 0.521, 0.499; 0.515, 0.653, 0.585, 0.542; all P<0.05). Conclusions:MiR-146a and miR-155 are highly expressed in gingival crevicular fluid, which are positively correlated, and may affect bone resorption in patients with periimplantitis through inflammatory reaction.

Objective:To investigate the effects of bracket-free invisible orthodontic technique versus traditional fixed orthodontic technique on the levels of inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontic adolescents. Methods:A total of 67 orthodontic patients who received their first orthodontic treatment in Huzhou Central Hospital from June to September 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 34) and a control group ( n = 33). The control group was treated with traditional fixed orthodontic treatment. The observation group was treated with invisible orthodontic treatment without brackets. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the level of inflammatory factors and periodontal index were compared. Results:At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid between the observation and control groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (IL-1β: t2 months = 5.56, P = 0.042; t4 months = 8.14, P = 0.019; t6 months = 9.87, P = 0.002. IL-6: t2 months = 7.15, P = 0.029; t4 months = 7.94, P = 0.021; t6 months = 9.16, P = 0.007. TNF-α: t2 months = 6.87, P = 0.039; t4 months = 7.65, P = 0.026: t6 months = 9.89, P = 0.001). In each group, gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) increased significantly after treatment. At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in GI, SBI, PD, and PLI between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, GI, SBI, PD, and PLI in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (GI: t2 months = 3.62, P = 0.073; t4 months = 8.16, P = 0.018; t6 months = 8.54, P = 0.016. SBI: t2 months = 5.65, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027; t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PD: t2 months = 5.652, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027, t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PLI: t2 months = 9.57, P = 0.006; t4 months = 9.98, P = 0.002. t6 months = 9.94, P = 0.010). In addition, at 1 month of treatment, PLI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 9.99, P = 0.001). Conclusion:Bracket-free invisible orthodontic treatment provides better protection on periodontal tissue and has less impact on periodontal health than traditional fixed orthodontic treatment.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of medication near-miss reporting barriers for pediatric nurses for pediatric nurses and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, clinical pediatric nurses from 13 hospitals of Henan Province were selected as research objects from July to October 2020. General situation questionnaire, Hospital Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire, Medication Near-miss Reporting Barriers Scale, Multiple Leadership Style of Head Nurse Scale and Patient Safety Competency Nursing Staff Self-rating Scale were used for investigation, and related factors affecting medication near-miss reporting barriers for pediatric nurses were analyzed. A total of 1 104 questionnaires were distributed and 1 070 were effectively returned, with the effective recovery rate of 96.92%.Results:The reporting rate of 1 070 pediatric nurses who actively reported medication near-miss reporting barriers was 14.42%, and the score of Medication Near-miss Reporting Barriers Scale was (98.1±21.46) . The total scores of Hospital Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire was (77.36±12.97) , score of Multiple Leadership Style of Head Nurse Scale was (74.4±15.89) , and score of Patient Safety Competency Nursing Staff Self-rating Scale was (107.81±2.59) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational background, entry length, job title, marital status, leadership style, patient safety competence, and hospital safety atmosphere were the main influencing factors of medication near-miss reporting barriers for pediatric nurses ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The medication near-miss reporting barriers for pediatric nurses are common, which are influenced by educational background, years of employment, leadership style, hospital safety atmosphere and other factors. Nursing managers should strengthen pediatric nurses' awareness of medication near-miss reporting, implement transformational leadership style and improve patient safety competence and hospital safety atmosphere, so as to promote drug use safety of children.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization in ruptured anterior communicating wide-necked aneurysms.Methods:Thirty-two patients with ruptured anterior communicating wide-necked aneurysms accepted Neuroform Atlas stent assisted coil embolization in Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2022 to June 2023 were chosen. DSA was performed immediately after surgery, and aneurysm embolization was assessed using Raymond grading. Prognoses were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS, mRS scores≤2 as good prognosis and mRS scores>2 as poor prognosis) at last follow-up. DSA was performed again 6 months after surgery to assess the aneurysm healingResults:Neuroform Atlas stents were successfully implanted in all 32 patients; Postoperative DSA showed that aneurysm embolization reached Raymond grading I in all 32 patients(100%). No such complications as in-stent thrombosis, cerebral vasospasm, or poor opening of the stent were noted excepted for one with intraoperative aneurysm rupture hemorrhage. At the last follow-up, 31 patients had good prognosis and 1 had poor prognosis; in 22 patients underwent DSA re-examination, Raymond grading I was noted in 20 patients (90.91%) and grading II in 2 (9.09%).Conclusion:Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization for ruptured anterior communicating wide-necked aneurysms seems safe and effective.