Refractory chronic cough belongs to the category of "refractory cough" in traditional Chinese medicine， and it is believed that the root cause of intractable chronic cough is wind lodging in the spleen collaterals， with poor spleen yang and deficient kidney essence as the pathologic basis of the disease， which is present throughout the disease. The method advocated is to search the spleen collaterals and eliminate latent wind， warm the spleen yang and smooth the middle jiao， cultivate the kidney essence and consolidate the root， prescribed with modified Fuzi Lizhong Decoction （附子理中汤） plus Erxian Decoction （二仙汤） as the basis. The Fuzi Lizhong Decoction can warm yang and fortify the middle， and smooth the middle jiao， and the Erxian Decoction can cultivate the kidney essence and consolidate the innate. The two prescriptions could combine with Suye （Perilla frutescens）， Jingjie （Dysphania ambrosioides）， Fangfeng （Carum carvi） and other medicinals of cleaning characteristic， or combine with Gouteng （Uncaria rhynchophylla）， Chuanshanlong （Dioscorea nipponica）， Dilong （Kummerowia striata） and other medicinals of worm or cane category， to find the wind and expel pathogen， smooth spleen collaterals.

This article is based on ZHANG Jingyue's theory of yin-yang holism to explore the etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment of acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease （RA-ILD）. It is believed that the foundation of acute exacerbation of RA-ILD lies in real yin insufficiency and yin fail to control yang； external pathogen attacking is a common cause of acute exacerbation of RA-ILD. For treatment， it is important to first suppress ministerial fire by prescribing modified Yinhuo Decoction （引火汤）； if ministerial fire submerged， focus should be on nourishing both yin and yang； if real yin deficiency is the main issue， modified Zuogui Pill （左归丸） should be used； if real yang deficiency is prominent as well， modified Yougui Pill （右归丸） can be chosen. When yin and yang balanced， the disease could be solved.

It is believed that the fundamental pathogenesis of the connective tissue diseases-associated interstitial lung disease （CTD-ILD） is kidney essence deficiency， with lung collateral obstruction throughout the disease， and environmental toxin pathogen is the important causative factors for the development of CTD-ILD. This article proposed to restore origin and alleviate bi （痹） for CTD-ILD， for which restoring origin means tonifying the lungs， spleen and kidneys to bank up the roots and consolidate the original qi， with modified Erxian Decoction （二仙汤） plus Liu Junzi Decoction （六君子汤）； alleviating bi means expelling wind and dredging collaterals， and eliminating the mass to restore the smoothness of the lung collaterals， with paired medicines of Chuanshanlong （Dioscorea nipponica）-Dilong （Kalanchoe pinnata）， Vinegar-processed Sanleng （Sparganium stoloniferum）-Vinegar-processed Ezhu （Curcuma zedoaria）， and stem-type medicines， and emphasized on removing the environmental toxin pathogens to facilitate the recovery of healthy qi.