Objective To investigate the epidemic factors of human brucellosis in Qiqihar from 2008 to 2014 so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiologic method was used to analyze the monitoring results of human brucellosis in Qiqihar between 2008 and 2014.Indexes observed were:the incidence rate,the distribution of gender,age,occupation,area and time.Results From 2008 to 2014,there were a total of 15 003 cases of brucellosis covering all counties.The average incidence rate was 38.85/100 000.The average incidence rate of Meilisi Daur District was the highest,178.93/100 000.Cases occurred year around and peaked in March-July.The average incidence rate of male and female brucellosis was 57.53/100 000 and 19.35/100 000,respectively,and male patients were more than female (x2 =3 658.973,P ＜ 0.05).Most patients were in the 41-50 years old age group,and the number of patients was 4 386.The major occupation was farmer (herdsmen),which acount for 93.96％ (14 097/15 003).Conclusions Qiqihar is the epidemic area of brucellosis and has a higher incidence.Governments should pay nore attention to the epidemic of brucellosis.Health education and intervention measure for high-risk population should be strengthened and the professional team should be reinforced so as to reduce the incidence of brucellosis.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics, diagnostic plans, and treatment strategies of patients with combined burn-blast injuries caused by liquid plastic and liquid metal foreign objects in the body.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. From January 2009 to July 2019, 41 patients with combined burn-blast injuries caused by hot solution explosion who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Qingdao Hospital of Rehabilitation University. The following indexes of all patients were collected, including gender, age, total burn area, admission time after injury, site of combined burn-blast injuries, and type of foreign objects in the body. According to the type of foreign objects in the body, the patients were divided into liquid plastic group (30 cases) and liquid metal group (11 cases). The following indexes of the two groups of patients were collected, including the clinical characteristics (swelling in the injury site, pain, fever, abscess formation, depth of injury, activity of foreign objects, and difficulty in removing foreign objects), imaging examinations (ultrasound, computed radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations), treatment (repair period and repair method), and incidence of complications during follow-up after discharge.Results:There were 33 males and 8 females among the patients, aged 18-65 years. The total burn area was 1% to 78% total body surface area, the admission time after injury was 2 h to 7 d, the combined burn-blast injuries mainly occurred in the limbs and trunk, and the foreign objects in the body were liquid plastics (polyethylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and liquid metals (liquid iron and aluminum). The proportions with swelling in the injury site, injury with depth to the bone, poor mobility of foreign objects, and difficulty in removing foreign objects in patients in liquid plastic group were significantly higher than those in liquid metal group ( P<0.05). The proportions of confirming foreign objects in the body through computed radiography and computed tomography examinations in patients in liquid metal group were 7/7 and 8/8, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1/5 and 3/20 in liquid plastic group ( P<0.05); the proportion of confirming foreign objects in the body through ultrasound examination in patients in liquid metal group was 11/11, which was similar to 24/26 ( P>0.05); the proportion of confirming foreign objects in the body through magnetic resonance imaging examination in patients in liquid metal group was 2/2, which was the same as 4/4 in liquid plastic group. The proportions of patients in liquid plastic group who underwent stage Ⅰ wound repair and direct suture were significantly lower than those in liquid metal group ( P<0.05), while the proportions of patients who underwent delayed wound repair, skin grafting, and flap grafting were significantly higher than those in liquid metal group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups of patients during follow-up after discharge ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Combined burn-blast injuries could result in damages of different severity in patients due to different types and locations of foreign objects in the body. Computed radiography and computed tomography examinations can be used to diagnose metal foreign objects in the body, while ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examinations can be used to diagnose plastic foreign objects in the body. Multidisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive treatment are important means of treating this type of patients.