Plasma cell mastitis,also known as periductal mastitis or mammary duct ectasia,always occurs in young women.Because of It's Complicated and varied clinical manifestations,it is easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer.Early diagnosis and staging helps to avoid unnecessary surgery.At present,There is no unified understanding to this kind of disease.Modern medicine mainly treated it by surgery while Traditional Chinese medicine believes it shoull be treated internally and externally.Complete resection of the lesion and the cosmetic effect is the focus of current research.This article reviews the progress of research in plasma cell mastitis etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of near infrared heptamethine cyanine dye IR-783-mediated specific tumor imaging in spontaneous tumor of dogs .Methods IR-783 was intraperitoneally injected to nude mice models of transplanted tumor in a dose of 5μmol/kg.The metabolic time course of IR-783 was detected by in vivo imager .Based on the results of above observation , IR-783 was injected to dogs with spontaneous tumor in a dose of 1.5μmol/kg.The site of intravenous injection was the hind leg .Tumor and peri-tumoral tissues were removed at 5 days after IR-783-injection for fluorescence imaging , pathology and frozen section fluorescence examinations .Results After i.p.IR-783 injection to nude mice models of transplanted tumor , the transplanted tumor tissues of nude mice had stronger specific fluorescence than normal tissues by imaging at 8 days after injection .After i.v.IR-783 injection to four dogs with spontaneous tumor , the fluorescence signal in the tumor tissues was stronger than that in the normal tissues at 5 days after injection .Conclusions Near infrared fluorescent dye IR-783 could be specifically taken up by tumor tissues , and can be used for specific diagnosis of tumor.It has an important clinical application prospect .

Objective To observe the effects of fennel essential oil and water extracts (distilled oil is not included) on gastrointestinal motility disorder caused by atropine in mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group atropine, water extracts group, fennel essential oil group, mosapride group. Blank control group and model group atropine were orally administered with normal saline of 0.2 ml/10 g. Water extracts group was orally administered with Water extracts (75 mg/ml) of 0.2 ml/10 g. Fennel essential oil group was orally administered with Essential oil of 300 mg/kg. Mosapride group was orally administered with mosapride(15 mg/ml). Subjects were orally treated for 3 d. After fasting for 18 h, blank control group was intraperitoneally injected saline on the fourth day, and other groups were injected atropine sulfate injection to induce animal model of gastrointestinal motility disorder. Blue dextran(BD)2000 was used to observe the gastric emptying rate and rate of intestinal propulsion. Results Gastric emptying rates of fennel essential oil group, mosapride group, water extracts group and model group atropine were respectively(91.97±4.42)%, (90.26±5.81)%, (80.01±6.27)%,(72.88±9.13)%,and intestinal pushing rates were respectively(53.32±7.49)%,(53.02±9.13)%,(44.16±7.68)%,(37.52±6.19)%.Fennel essential oil, mosapride and water extracts enhanced the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion in gastrointestinal motility disorder animal caused by atropine(P values were 0.004、0.001、0.004、0.003、0.025、0.015),where Fennel essential oil and mosapride were superior to the water,extracts(P values were 0.000、0.002、0.001、0.001).Conclusion Fennel extracts may promote gastrointestinal movement of atropine-induced gastrointestinal motility disorder in mice and fennel essential oil is the main active ingredient.

Objective To study the preventive effect of volatile oil extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seeds on the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion. Methods Thirty-eihgt SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (10), operation group (14) and volatile oil treated group (14):sham operation group was only operated by abdominal incision, the rest two groups were established animal model of abdominal adhesion by rubbing the procussus vermiformis of cecum with dry sterile gauze, clamping and scuffing abdominal wall. Half of rats were separately killed on day 7 and day 14 after surgery, respectively.The degree of adhesion was evaluated according to Phillips 5-scale grade and the feature of this model. Results The scores of intra-abdominal adhesion were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d(P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Volatile oil extracted from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seeds may take a significant role in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rats.

Objective:To investigate the related factors and prognosis of invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKLAS). Methods:The in-patients diagnosed with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2015 to February 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into IKLAS group and non-IKLAS group according to whether they had IKLAS or not. The clinical data between the two groups were compared, including the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the details of liver abscess, clinical symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain, as well as laboratory tests such as glycosylated hemoglobin and hemoglobin. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test or independent sample t test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of IKLAS. Results:A total of 75 patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess were enrolled, including 55 patients (73.33%) in the IKLAS group and 20 patients (26.67%) in the non-IKLAS group. Fifty-two point seven three percent (29/55) of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 12.73%(7/55) of the patients had abdominal pain in the IKLAS group, which were 20.00%(4/20) and 45.00%(9/20) in the non-IKLAS group, respectively, and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=6.38 and 7.28, respectively, both P<0.05). Most of liver abscesses were single (50/75, 66.67%), and more likely to occur in the right liver (50/75, 66.67%). The maximum diameter of liver abscess in the IKLAS group was (4.58±2.04) cm, which was smaller than that in the non-IKLAS group ((6.49±3.11) cm), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.82, P=0.011). Compared with those in the non-IKLAS group, patients in the IKLAS group had higher glycosylated hemoglobin (8.69%±2.64% vs 6.18%±1.31%) and hemoglobin ((112.25±22.04) g/L vs (100.05±18.59) g/L), and the differences were both statistically significant ( t=-4.25 and -2.21, respectively, both P<0.05). The proportion of patients using antibiotics combined with abscess drainage in the IKLAS group was 38.18%(21/55), and that in the non-IKLAS group was 85.00%(17/20). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=12.86, P<0.001). A total of 16 patients (21 eyes) were diagnosed as endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE), and all of them were IKLAS patients, and 14 patients underwent monocular/binocular eyeball injection and/or vitrectomy and silicone oil filling. The visual acuity of 13 patients decreased significantly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complicated with diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for IKLAS (odds ratio ( OR)=5.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01 to 25.03, P=0.049). The large diameter of liver abscess was a protective factor for IKLAS ( OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86, P=0.003). Conclusions:The patients with IKLAS have less abdominal pain, and most of them complicate with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of IKLAS, while the large diameter of liver abscess is a protective factor. EKPE is associated with poor visual prognosis.