OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of serotonin (5-HTIA) receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) on active avoidance learning in rats.

METHODSTotally 36 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, antagonist group and agonist group(n = 12). Active avoidance learning ability of rats was assessed by the shuttle box. The extracellular concentrations of 5-HT in the DG during active avoidance conditioned reflex were measured by microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Then the antagonist (WAY-100635) or agonist (8-OH-DPAT) of the 5-HT1A receptors were microinjected into the DG region, and the active avoidance learning was measured.

RESULTS(1) During the active avoidance learning, the concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampal DG was significantly increased in the extinction but not establishment in the conditioned reflex, which reached 164.90% ± 26.07% (P <0.05) of basal level. (2) The microinjection of WAY-100635 (an antagonist of 5-HT1A receptor) into the DG did not significantly affect the active avoidance learning. (3) The microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT(an agonist of 5-HT1A receptor) into the DG significantly facilitated the establishment process and inhibited the extinction process during active avoidance conditioned reflex.

CONCLUSIONThe data suggest that activation of 5-HT1A receptors in hipocampal DG may facilitate active avoidance learning and memory in rats.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Dentate Gyrus ; physiology ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; physiology ; Serotonin ; physiology ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate different treatment methods for stage-Is testicular mixed germ cell tumors (TMGCTs).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 3'cases of stage-Is TMGCTs (aged 26-39 years) treated in the 175th Hospital of PLA, reviewed relevant literature, and explored the clinical characteristics of TMGCTs.

RESULTSOf the 3 patients, 1 was treated by radical orchiectomy, 1 by radical orchiectomy + retroperitoneal lymph node dissection + BEP chemotherapy scheme, and the other by radical orchiectomy + radiotherapy. The pathological components of TMGCTs were immature teratoma, seminoma, spermatocytoma, chorioepithelioma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor. No recurrence or distant metastasis was found during the 24-month follow-up after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe diagnosis of TMGCTs primarily depends on physical examination, ultrasonography, MRI, and measurement of serum tumor markers, while its confirmation necessitates pathological examination, and its treatment is basically radical orchiectomy.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; pathology ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; surgery ; Orchiectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminoma ; pathology ; Teratoma ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objectives To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and the relationship between the expression and invasive growth and metastasis of SCC. Methods Immunohistochemical method of streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was used to detect the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 proteins on the paraffin embedded sections of 65 patients with cutaneous SCC and 5 cases of normal epidermis. The immunohistochemical results were analyzed quantitatively using an image analysis system. Results MMP-9 and TIMP-1 proteins were diffusely expressed on the tumor nests and the mesenchymal cells around the nests, while in normal epidermis MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were weakly positive. The expression level of MMP-9 protein and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were higher in aggressive SCC group than those SCC in situ group (t = 2.33 and 2.36, respectively, P

Objective:To evaluate facial soft tissue 3-deminsion changes of skeletal Class Ⅲmalocclu-sion patients after orthognathic surgery using structure light scanning technique .Methods:Eight patients [3 males and 5 females, aged ( 27.08 ±4.42 ) years ] with Class Ⅲ dentoskeletal relationship who underwent a bimaxillary orthognathic surgical procedure involving advancement of the maxilla by Le FortⅠosteotomy and mandibular setback by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSO) and genioplasty to correct deformity were included .3D facial images were obtained by structure light scanner for all the patients 2 weeks preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively .The facial soft tissue changes were evalua-ted in 3-dimension.The linear distances and angulation changes for facial soft tissue landmarks were ana-lyzed.The soft tissue volumetric changes were assessed too .Results: There were significant differences in the sagittal and vertical changes of soft tissue landmarks .The greatest amount of soft tissue change was close to lips.There were more volumetric changes in the chin than in the maxilla , and fewer in the forehead .Conclusion: After biomaxillary surgery , there were significant facial soft tissue differences mainly in the sagittal and vertical dimension for skeletal Class Ⅲ patients .The structure light 3 D scan-ning technique can be accurately used to estimate the soft tissue changes in patients who undergo orthog-nathic surgery .

OBJECTIVETo investigate risk factors associated with peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 873 patients with colorectal cancer treated at the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2003 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The associations between peritoneal metastasis and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by univariate analysis including independent-samples t test and χ(2) test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that age(P=0.032), tumor size(P=0.001), tumor differentiation(P=0.008), depth of bowel wall invasion(P=0.000), lymph node metastasis(P=0.000), serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level(P=0.003), and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) level(P=0.009) were associated with peritoneal metastasis. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, depth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level and CA19-9 level remained as significant risk factors(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDepth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level, and CA19-9 level are risk factors for peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneum ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations associated with longevity in Bama elderly population from Guangxi.

METHODSMitochondrial genome of 20 individuals over 96 years of age was sequenced, and seven target single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were observed by comparing with the standard rCRS sequence, and two were tested by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a larger population including 208 individuals of 90-113 years old, and 586 unrelated control individuals from Guangxi.

RESULTSThe 4824G frequency of the mtDNA4824A/G locus increased with age both in the long-lived elderly and in controls. And it was significantly higher in controls than that in long-lived population (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mtDNA4824 A/G is not only an age-related locus, its mutation is also negatively correlated with longevity.

Aged ; China ; ethnology ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; analysis ; genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Longevity ; genetics ; Mutation ; Myanmar ; ethnology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Population Groups

OBJECTIVETo construct a clinical database for laparoscopic colorectal surgery in Chinese population using computerized technique.

METHODSA clinical database system was constructed and used in multi-/single-center studies on laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

RESULTSThe data of more than 1200 cases in the Nanfang Hospital during the past year were collected retrospectively. The database was used as the platform for "Southern China Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group (SCLCSG)" and was used in the first stage of the clinical research of "Multicenter retrospective study of laparoscopic and open procedure for colorectal cancer" among 11 hospitals in Southern China. In order to test the system, the database was also used in "comparative study on oncologic results of laparoscopic versus open radical resection for rectal carcinoma".

CONCLUSIONSThe evaluation system is reliable and efficient. This system has established a clinical database for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and can be widely applied for the clinical research for colorectal cancer.

Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Colorectal Surgery ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in the replacement of the damaged sec- ond metacarpophalangeal joint with the second metatarsophalangeal joint with a pedicle of dorsal pedis artery and great saphcnous vein.Methods The damaged second metacarpophalangeal joint,distal part of the sec- ond metacarpal and proximal part of the proximal phalanx were dissected.The metatarsophalangeal joint was transferred to the region of metacarpophalangeal joint of hand.The dorsal pedis artery was anastomosed to the radial artery,and the great saphenous vein was anastomosed to the cephalic vein at anatomical snuff-box.The dissected bones of the hand removed of the cartilage of joint and soft tissue were grafted back to the donor site of the foot.Results A 5～30 month follow-up study in 8 out of 11 cases showed that satisfactory functional recovery was achieved in clinical practice.The movement of second metacarpophalangeal joint was excellent. Conclusion The function of the second metacarpophalangeal joint can be effectively recovered by the trans- fer of the vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint.

Increasing numbers of targeted drugs are used in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to overcome or delay resistance to endocrine therapy. This study will systemically review the progress made in endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy in the treatment of HR-positive MBC. From the "AI (aromatase inhibitor) era" represented by aromatase inhibitors, we have gradually entered the "post-AI era" represented by fulvestrant. Under the guidance of research on the molecular mechanism of endocrine therapy resistance, the "combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy" era is approaching. The development of drugs that target endocrine therapy resistance has concentrated on cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and inhibitors of drug targets in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway, providing new strategies for HR-positive MBC. Exploring biomarkers to guide the more precise use of targeted drugs in endocrine therapy for MBC is the focus of current and future research.