AIM: To test the intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of Uyghur and Han healthy college students whose eyes are emmetropia, and to conduct comparisons between the two races, two genders, and the right and left eyes whether there is a difference between the two races.
●METHODS:Cross-sectional study. The vision of college students who reach the clinic with visual chart were tested; the keratorefractive power with an automatic refractor was tested; the eyes with slit lamp and ophthalmoscope were tested. The intraocular pressures of 405 cases ( 810 eyes in total ) with an automatic non-contact tonometer were tested; The anterior chamber depths, lens thicknesses, vitreous cavity lengths and axial lengths with an A/B - type ultrasound diagnostic equipment were tested; The intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of the two races, two genders, same genders of different races, and the right and left eyes were compared.
●RESULTS: The differences between Uyghur and Han college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, lens thickness, vitreous cavity length and axial length were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ). The difference between Uyghur male college students and Uyghur female college students in anterior depth, axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant ( P<0. 05). The difference between Han male college students and Han female college students in axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant ( P<0. 05). The difference between the right and left eyes was statistically insignificant ( P > 0. 05 ). The differences between Uyghur male college students and Han male college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, vitreous cavity length, axial length and lens thickness were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The differences between Uyghur female college students and Han female college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth and axial length were statistically significant (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: Compared with Uyghur college students, Han college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with female college students of same race, the male college students are longer in axial length and smaller in keratorefractive power. Moreover, Uyghur male college students are deeper than Uyghur female college students in anterior depth. Compared with Uyghur male college students, Han male college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with Uyghur female college students, Han female college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, and longer in axial length. There is no difference between the right and left eyes.

A simple and efficient method, based on ultrasound-assisted polymer surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) , was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines ( AAs ) in aqueous sample. The main parameters affecting the performance of the purposed method were optimized, and the optimized conditions were obtained as follows:150 μL of extractive solvent ( dichloroethane ) , polymer surfactant ( sodium alginate ) concentraction of 0. 20 g/L, pH 7. 0, salt addition of 3%, and ultrasound time of 1 min. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the method were 0. 1-200 μg/L for 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, 0. 3-200 μg/L for 2,4,5-trimethylaniline, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3’-dimethylbenzidine and 4 , 4’-methylene-bis-( 2-chloroaniline ) , 0 . 5-200 μg/L for 4-aminoazobenzene and 3 , 3’-dimethoxy-benzidine. The correlation coefficients (R2) and the detection limits were 0. 9961-0. 9997 μg/L and 0. 08-0. 3 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day RSDs were less than 10. 6% and 11. 0%. The purposed method could be applied to the analysis of AAs in water sample collected from tap water and river water. In comparison with the common SA-USAEME, conventional surfactant was replaced with water-soluble polymer surfactant to solve the problems of potential pollution, and the polymer surfactant was natural and insoluble in extractive solvent. Compared with other solid-phase extractions, the proposed method had the advantages such as simple operation and low cost.

The rabbit enteropathogenic E. coli (rEPEC) strain RDEC-1 possesses a lifA homologue adjacent to the LEE pathogenicity island. To study the entire nucleotide sequence and biological function of lifA,the DNA sequence and biological function of RDEC-1 lifA were analysed with gene cloning,gene knock-out and in vivo virulence examination. The result showed that the entire coding sequence of the lifA of RDEC-1 shares nearly absolute homology with the lifA of human isolates. RDEC-1 lifA inhibited IL-2 expression in stimulated rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We further demonstrated significant reduction in fecal bacterial shedding by RDEC-1 derivative lifA mutant when compared with its parent strain. In a competitive study when rabbits were inoculated with a combination of the WT and the mutant, the WT was the predominant bacteria recovered from fecal samples, while fewer mutant bacteria were recovered. However,the lifA mutant is able to induce A/E type of lesions as efficient as the parent strain. The data provide direct evidence that lifA of rEPEC plays a role in immunomodulation and in in vivo colonization in the intestinal tract.

Objective To study the CT features of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and explore the different CT appearances between AIDS-NTM and AIDS-TB.Methods CT findings of pulmonary NTM disease in 27 AIDS patients (NTM group) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with that of tuberculosis in 30 AIDS patients (TB group).The results were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test.Results CT findings of NTM appeared significantly more than that of TB as follows:high-density nodules (n =18 vs 1,P ＜ 0.01),ground-glass opacities (n =10 vs 0,P ＜ 0.01),fibrotic band (n =17 vs 3,P ＜ 0.01),bronchiectasis (9 vs 2,P =0.012).CT findings of NTM appeared significantly less than that of TB as follows:miliary nodules (0 vs 6,P =0.016),air space consolidations (n =2 vs 11,P ＜ 0.01),pleural effusion (n =1 vs 9,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Nodule and fibrotic band companied with bronchiectasis were the main CT manifestations of pulmonary NTM disease in AIDS patients,while air space consolidation companied with pleural effusion and miliary nodules were the predominate CT findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients.

Objective To discover the clinic presentation and therapy of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in children.Methods We reported the clinic presenation,pathology and therapy of the disseminated Penicillium marneffei in children.Results Case one,l-year-old boy presented with fever and cough for one month.Penicillium marneffei was cultured from bone marrow and blood.Case two,8-year-old girl presented with delirium.Penicillium marneffei was cultured from blood.Treatment with voriconazole solely was successful in the first case.Conclusion Central nervous system could been infected by Penicillium marneffei.Treatment with voriconazole solely could be effective in children.

Objective: To learn the health literacy status, trend and associated factors of Ningbo residents from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide basis for developing health policies and interventions. Methods: The monitoring data of health literacy of Ningbo residents from 2015 to 2019 was collected. The health literacy level was calculated and standardized by the population data of the sixth national census of Ningbo in 2010; five-year absolute growth and growth rate were used to reflect the changing trend. Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors for the health literacy level. Results: The health literacy levels from 2015 to 2019 were 15.44%, 21.73%, 22.41%, 27.60% and 30.03%, with an annual increase trend ( P<0.05 ). The five-year absolute growth and growth rate were 14.59% and 94.49%. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the year ( OR=1.158, 95%CI: 1.132-1.184 ), age ( 25-<35岁 years, OR=1.235, 95%CI: 1.039-1.468; 35-<45岁 years, OR=1.416, 95%CI: 1.193-1.681; 45-<55岁 years, OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.024-1.455 ) , education level ( primary school, OR=1.790, 95%CI: 1.461-2.195; junior high school, OR=2.574, 95%CI: 2.102-3.154; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=4.863, 95%CI: 3.943-5.998; college or above, OR=8.829, 95%CI: 7.109-10.965 ) , urban areas ( OR=0.934, 95%CI: 0.874-0.998 ) and occupation ( farmers, OR=0.692, 95%CI: 0.608-0.787; workers, OR=0.746, 95%CI: 0.664-0.837; enterprise staff, OR=0.822, 95%CI: 0.745-0.906; others, OR=1.106, 95%CI: 1.009-1.211 ) were the influencing factors for health literacy level. Conclusion The health literacy level of Ningbo residents shows an upward trend from 2015 to 2019, which are associated with age, education level, area and occupation.

Acetates ; Chemical Industry ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control

A cluster sampling method was used to select 5 Huaihai communities of Shanghai.All individuals were aged ≥60 years.Visual acuity without correction and presenting acuity with their habitual distance correction were measured separately for each eye.The prevalence of blindness and low vision was 0.49％ and 1.65％ respectively.The leading causes of blindness in a descending sequence included macular degeneration,cataract and retinal vascular disease.

Objective:To investigate the use of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) in the patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis in one hospital and evaluate the use rationality .Methods:A retrospective study was carried out on 211 patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis or cirrhosis in the infectious disease ward between 2013 and 2014 , and the use rationality of PPIs was evaluated .Results: A total of 211 cases were inspected, and among them, 192 ones were treated with PPIs (91%) with 62 ones treated with PPIs irrationally, which accounted for 29.3%of the total cases.The main irrational use of PPIs was long treatment course (24.5%), inadequate prophylaxis indications (5.7%) and purposeless use (2.6%).Conclusion: Irrational use of PPI is common in hepatitis or cirrhosis patients . Clinical pharmacists should strengthen pharmaceutical care to improve the rational drug use .

Objective To explore the reasons for disharmony between medical staff and medical staff because of electronic clinical ordering,to specificate electronic medical order in ward in order to create a harmonious relationship between doctors and nurses. Methods The methods of qualitative research conducted in-depth interviews of 12 medical staff, field recordings and transcripts, and the method of content analysis were used. Results Two themes were sublimated:medical staff reasons:lack of communication between the medical staff;new doctors didn't have a good command of medical norms of specialist electronic orders; on the responsibility of checking the doctor's advice problems may lead to potential adverse events occurrence. System equipment reason: the electronic doctor's advice system set up the problem; the office computer quantity is insufficient. Conclusions Nonstandard electronic medical management leads to the disharmony of health care. It is suggested to standardize the management of electronic medical advice by implementation of the responsibility to avoid medical coupling errors. The health care workers need to strengthen communication, mutual understanding and forgiveness, in order to create a harmonious medical environment.