Objective To assess the dynamic age-related hearing loss of inbred mouse C57 and BALB/c strains via distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE). Methods DPOAE levels were evaluated in C57 and BALB/c of 20,30,60,90,120,150,180 days old respectively,with the conditions that two pure tones,which stimulated the DPOAE,were at frequencies(f 1,f 2,f 1/f 2=1.22)and levels(L 1=70 dB SPL,L 2=65 dB SPL).Results DPOAE levels of C57 and BALB/c gradually decreased with age.From 60 days old,DPOAE levels of the two strains were dramatically decreased at 4.0,6.0,8.0 kHz( P

Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of topiramate for treatment of patients with various types of epilepsy Methods 142 patients suffering from epilepsy were underwent the treatment of topiramate, of them 93 cases received a to piramate add on therapy and 49 cases a monotherapy The efficiency and side effects were evaluated after 8 weeks titration period and 12 weeks stabilization period Results The total effective rate was 79% and 84% in add on group and monotherapy group respectively The seizure free rate was 28% and 41% in two groups respectively The optimal dosages were 100～200 mg/d in adults and 3～5 mg/d in children Side effects were generally mild Conclusion Topiramate is a highly effective, safe and widespread first line antiepileptic drug which can be used as a monotherapy or add on treatment

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC-1,and to explore the potential mechanism.Methods Human pancreatic cancer CFPAC-1 cells were cultured in vitro,and were treated with metformin at different concentrations (1,2.5,5,10,20,40,60 mmol/L) for different durations (24 h,48 h and 72 h),and cells without treatment were considered as control group.Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8,cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry,apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining method,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p-AMPK,FAS,cyclin D1,Bcl-xl,Bax,caspase-3 and survivin.Results Metformin could inhibit the proliferation of CFPAC-1 cells in a time and dose dependent manner.Forty-eight hours after 40 mmol/L metformin treatment,the proportion of CFPAC-1 cells in phase G0/G1 was significantly increased [(65.93 ± 0.27)％ vs (42.89± 1.02)％],and the proportion of CFPAC-1 cells in phase G2/M,S was significantly decreased [(22.01 ± 2.95) ％ vs (38.28 ± 4.93) ％,(13.58±0.43)％ vs (20.12 ± 3.38)％],and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).The apoptosis rate was increased from (3.01 ± 0.49) ％ to (32.97 ± 3.19) ％,(P ＜ 0.05) ; and the expression of p-AMPK,Bax,and caspase-3 was increased,while the expression of FAS,cyclin D1,Bcl-xl,survivin were decreased.Conclusions Metformin can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of CFPAC-1 cells mainly by activation of AMPK pathway,and down-regulation of FAS,cyclin D1,survivin and Bcl xl/Bax ratio,as well as up-regulation of caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the effects of levator ani muscle exposure in abdominal periueal resection for rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 109 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2001 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 55 patients received traditional procedure (conventional method group) and 54 patients received modified procedure with levator ani muscle exposure (levator ani muscle exposure group).The mesorectum was sharply dissected according to the total mesorectal excision principle.It is essential to remove the rectum along with the mesorectum up to the level of the levators.Preoperative bowel preparation,anesthesia,body position,abdominal incision,perineal incision and suture of the 2 groups were the same as Miles procedure.In the conventional method group,the superficial dissection was carried out with electrocautery or ultracision harmonic scalpel.The presacral space was entered by dividing the rectococcygeus muscle,commencing at the level of the tip of the coccygeus.The levators were then divided near the pelvic wall attachments and next procedures were performed without levator ani muscle exposure.In levator ani muscle exposure group,once the ischiorectal fat was cleared by electrocautery,the planes of levator ani muscle were identified and exposed after dividing the rectococcygeus muscle and next procedures were performed.The patients in stage Ⅰ only needed to follow-up; the patients in stage Ⅱ had to receive chemotherapy with following situation:poor differentiation,T4 stage,blood vessel or lymphatic invasion,number of lymph nodcs detected ＜ 12.Patients in stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ needed adjuvant chemotherapy.The follow-up evaluation included blood routine examination,hepatic and renal function examination,chest radiography,hepatobiliary ultrasonographic evaluation and determination of CEA levels (once every 3 months in the first year after operation,and once every 6 months after one year).Abdominal CT scan and colonoscopy should be employed every year.All the patients were followed up till December of 2012.All data were analyzed using the chi-square test or t test.The survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the prognosis was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results The operation time were (60 ± 15)minutes and (30 ± 10) minutes in the conventional method group and the levator ani muscle exposure group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =3.936,P ＜ 0.05).The intraoperative blood loss were (300 ± 60) mL and (30±20) mL in the conventional method group and the levator ani muscle exposure group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =5.687,P ＜ 0.05).Three patients were with rectal injury,1 with urethral injury,1 with vaginal injury,and 10 with incision infection in the conventional method group.There were 9 patients with incision infection in the levator ani muscle exposure group.The course of chemotherapy was under 12 in 30 patients,and above 6 in 41 patients.The median time of follow-up of the patients was 56 months (range,15-95 months).Of the 109 patients,10 missed the follow-up,15 patients had local recurrence,30 had distal metastasis,and 35 patients died.The 1-,3-,5-year cumulative survival rates were 93.4％,76.0％ and 65.6％.The 5-year survival rates were 65.2％ and 66.3％ for patients in the conventional method group and the levator ani muscle exposure group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=4.210,P ＞0.05).Conclusion Levator ani muscle exposure method provides clearer vision of operational field,shorter operation time,less blood loss and less injury to the rectum or urinary tract (vagina).

Objective To compare treatment and efficacy of thoracolumbar fractures by using three different screw fixations:traditional approach,the vertebral side clearance into the road and percutaneous pedicle. Methods A total of 82 single segmental thoracic lumbar fractures cases hospitalized from March 2011 to March 2014 ,with male 67 cases ,female 15 cases ,and average age(33.7+/-12.5)years old. Patients were randomly divided into three groups:traditional approach group (n = 23),operation through paraspinal muscle gap group (n = 30),percutaneous group(n = 29). These following indicators will be compared in three groups:duration of operation ,intraoperative blood loss ,intraoperative fluoroscopy time ,postoperative flow ,VAS scores before and after operation and Oswestry disability index , difference of spinal sagittal position Cobb′s Angle. Results Compared with the traditional approach group ,operation through paraspinal muscle gap group and percu-taneous group have obvious advantages in duration of operation,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative flow,VAS scores before and after operation ,the Oswestry disability index. Additionally ,above mentioned three surgical methods could recover kyphosis deformity ,and there was no statistically significant difference among three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of monosegmental thoracolumbar fractures ,compared with traditional approach ,operation through paraspinal muscle gap and percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation have more advantages which includes fewer trauma,less bleeding,faster recovery and lower incidence of postoperative low back pain.

Objective To study the antitumor effect of toremifene on MCF7 cell lines,and investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Methods Inhibitory effect of toremifene alone or combined with MEK inhibitor PD98059 on MCF7 cells was measured by SRB test,and that on phosphorylated ERK was detected by Western blotting.Results Toremifene exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the activity of MCF7 cells.Phosphorylated ERK was significantly inhibited by 5,10 and 20 mmol/L toremifene.Combined with PD98059,toremifene had a significantly enhanced cytotoxity effect,which exceeded that of application alone. Conclusion Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may play an important role in the antitumor effect of toremifene which is independent of estrogens.Combined with PD98059,the antitumor effect of toremifene can be reinforced,indicating a synergistic effect of these two drugs.

AIM:To establish the method of determining notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1 and Rb_1 in Xinning Tablet(Radix et Rhizoma Salvae Miltiorrhizae,Radix et Rhizoma notoginseng,Flos Carthami,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,ect).METHODS:HPLC-ELSD was used to determine notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1 and Rb_1 in Xinning Tablet.The separatrion was performed on C_ 18 colunm with acetonitrile and water being used as a gradient program at 35 ℃.The elution program was(0-5 min,20%-25% acetonitrile;5-20 min,25%-45% acetonitrile),drift tube temperature was at 70 ℃,gas flow rate of 2.0 L/min.RESULTS:3 saponins were separated well.Average recoveries were 102.32% for notoginsenoside R_1 100.73% for ginsenoside Rg_1;101.40% for ginsenoside Rb_1,respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is simple and rapid and with satisfactory results and is suitable for quality control of Xinning Tablet.

Objective To investigate the effect of parecoxib on postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil-based anesthesia.Methods One hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 21-64 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,undergoing elective laparoscopic operation,were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =20 each):parecoxib group (group P),small dose remifentanil group (group S),large dose remifentanil group (group L),small dose remifentanil + parecoxib group (group SP) and large dose remifentanil + parecoxib group (group LP).Parecoxib 40 mg was injected intravenously at 30 min before anesthesia in groups P,SP and LP.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam0.05 mg/kg,etomidate 0.2 mg/kg,cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg and remifentanil 1 μg/kg (fentanyl 4 μg/kg in group P).The patients was tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Anesthesia was maintained with infusion of remifentanil at 0.05 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (in groups S and SP) or at 0.3 μg· kg- 1· min- 1 (in groups L and LP) combined with inhalation of sevoflurane and infusion of cisatracurium at 0.12 mg·kg-1·h-1.At 30 min after operation,numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the degree of pain at rest and during activity.Tramadol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously after operation if needed.NRS scores were maintained ≤5.The use of tramadol and adverse effects during 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group P,NRS scores at rest and during activity were significantly increased at 30 min after operation in groups S and L,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly increased in group L,and no change was found in NPS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of adverse effects and the number of patients who needed tramadol in groups SP and LP.Compared with group S,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly increased in group L,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation were significantly decreased and no change was found in the incidence of adverse effects and the number of patients who needed tramadol in group SP.Compared with group L,NRS scores at rest and during activity at 30 min after operation,the incidence of shivering and the number of patients who needed tramadol were significantly decreased in group LP.Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg at 30 min before anesthesia can attenuate postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil-based anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in infants. Methods From December 2005 to July 2013, 25 cases TCS were confirmed by surgery in Shenzhen children's hospital. The ultrasonogram and MRI of 25 infants were analysed retrospectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ultra-sound and its clinical significance were evaluated. Results In 25 cases of TCS confirmed by surgery, the coincidence rate of conus level detected by ultrasound [96%(23/24)] was lower than that by MRI (100%(25/25)). Ultrasound showed reduced spinal cord vibration in 4 cases, disappeared spinal cord vibration in 21 cases. Two cases of reduced spinal cord vibration detected by ultrasound were confirmed as disappeared spinal cord vibration by surgery. The coincidence rate of disappeared spinal cord vibration detected by ultrasound was 91%(21/23). The sacral spinal seg-ments form showed by ultrasound were entirely consistent with those of MRI, including 4 cases of enlarged spinal cord, 13 cases of spinal cord without enlargement and 8 cases of spinal cord ended with rat caudate. Twenty-five cases of TCS had malformations:7 cases meningocele (3 cases combined lipoma), 14 cases myelomeningocele (5 cases combined lipoma, 1 case combined hydromyelia), 3 cases spinal canal-epidermis fistula (all combined lipoma) and 1 case solitary lipoma. Compared with the operation findings, ultrasound misdiagnosed 2 cases of myelomeningo-cele as meningocele, missed 1 of case lipoma which combined with meningocele. MRI missed two cases of spinal canal-epidermis fistula. Conclusions Infantile spinal ultrasound examination can accurately locate the position of conus, accurately display the spinal cord. Compared with MRI, ultrasound examination can real-time visually display spinal cord vibration and help to diagnose tethered cord. Ultrasound examination are convenient, repeatable opera-tion with low cost, therefore it can be used as the preferred screening method to diagnose of tethered spinal cord.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary, which binds to its receptors expressed on the membrane of Sertoli cells in the testis to bring about spermatogenesis. With the development of DNA sequencing technology, FSH SNPs rs10835638 and FSHR SNPs rs6165, rs6166, and rs1394205 were detected, which might directly affect the expression of FSH and activity of FSHR, resulting in male spermatogenic dysfunction. This review focuses on the relationship of FSH and FSHR gene polymorphisms with male infertility.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, FSH ; genetics ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis