Objective To examine the relationships among measures of gait recovery and community integra-tion index in people with brain injury.Methods 142 brain injured patients were chosen in this study.Community Balance and Mobility Scale,Dynamic Gait Index,Ten-Meter Walk Test for gait speed,and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) was measured.Results Average walk speed was 0.31-5.30 (1.36 ±0.88)m/s;DGI score was 5-24 (18.6 ±5.44) points;CMBS score was 0 -96 (54.1 ±25.3) points;CIQ subscale 6 -29 (16.2 ± 5.1)points,CIQ family subscale was 0-10 (4.8 ±3.0)points;CIQ society subscale was 4-12(8.2 ±2.1)points;CIQ productivity subscale was 0-7(3.8 ±2.2).The correlation between age and Ten-Meter Walk Test was nega-tive significantly (r=-0.50,P<0.05).All 3 balance/gait measures correlated significantly with the CIQ Productiv-ity subscale (r=0.35-0.58,P<0.05).Conclusion The ability of people with brain injury to engage in work/school/volunteer activity may be reduced by impairments in balance and mobility.

The anatomy of the trunks and branches of anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA) was studied and its surgical importance especially in the operation for acoustic neuroma(AN), was discussed.15 fresh adult cadavers were perfused with ABS via internal carotid artery and vertebral artery and then dissected under operation microscope in detail. AICA was constantly present in all specimens. The incidence of labyrinthine artery(LA), recurrent perforating artery(RPA), subarcuate artery(SA),and cerebellar subarcuate artery (Cer.SA) was 100%,86.7%,80% and 16.7%, respectively. 97.1% of LA entering the internal auditory meatus (IAM) were located under the facial vestibulocochlear nerve complex, 56.7% of RPA passed between it ,and 75% of SA was located posteroinferiorly to it .60.7% of the loop of AICA was situated close to the IAM, and 53.6% of them lay between the Ⅶ and Ⅷ cranial nerves. These data may be helpful in microneurosurgical operation and radiography.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tiotropium and salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation combined with noninvasive ventilator in the treatment of respiratory failure, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 72 patients with respiratory failure were randomly divided into treatment group (n=36) and control group (n=36).The patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional noninvasive ventilators and treatment group were treated with tiotropium and salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation on the basis of control group.Then compare the exercise tolerance, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, heart rate, pH, respiratory rate, blood oxygen pressure between two groups.Results After the treatment, condition of the patients in the two groups have different degrees of improvement.The final results showed that the average hospital stay was significantly reduced, respiratory frequency was(28 ±5) times/min in treatment group, heart rate was(98 ±16) times per minute, PaO2 also increased to(72 ±3) mmHg, PaCO2 was(57 ±17) mmHg, pH value increased to (7.42 ±0.03), compared with the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion In patients with clinical implementation of tiotropium and seretide combined with non-invasive ventilator treatment of respiratory failure, can significantly improve the patient's condition, so that patients with respiratory function was significantly improved, so that the indicators of patients tend to normal.Its can effectively reduce PaCO2 , increased PaO2 and speed up its cure rate.

Objective To evaluate four tumor markers of insulin-like growth factor 1((IGF-1), CEA, cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in human lung cancer. Methods Serum samples were taken from three groups: 91 patients with lung cancer, 30 healthy adults and 15 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Serum IGF-1 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The differences among the three groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by ROC curves. Results The four serum tumor marker levels were significantly higher in lung cancer group, as compared with the benign and the healthy (IGF-1:χ2=26.95,P<0.001, CEA:χ2=49.11,P<0.001; CYFRA21-1:χ2=40.63,P<0.001; NSE:χ2=14.76;P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivities of IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE was 75.6% (34/45), 53.3% (24/45), 66.7% (30/45) and 42.2% (19/45) respectively for lung cancer. The diagnostic sensitivity of IGF-1 combined with CYFRA21-1 was 95.5 %( 43/45) and that of IGF-1 combined with CEA and CYFRA21-1was 97.8%(44/45). Only IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 showed significant changes before and after treatment (IGF-1: χ2=5.99,P=0.014; CYFRA21-1:χ2=4.99, P=0.025) in cancer group. Conclusions Serum IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are all valuable for lung cancer diagnosis and the combination of those parameters can enhance the diagnostic efficiency. Serum IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 may also be useful for evaluating the treatment response in lung cancer.

Objective To determine the monokine levels of serum and synovial fluid (SF) in patients with JSpAs and estimate the correlation between monokines and inflammatory indices.Methods Serum and SF monokines (IL 1?,IL 1?,IL 6,IL 8,IL 12 and TNF ?) were measured by sandwich ELISA in patients with JSpAs ( n =28) and healthy controls ( n =10).The correlation between serum monokines and inflammatory indeces and between both serum and SF monokine levels was analysed.Results Elevated serum level of IL 6 was found in patients with JSpAs as compared to healthy controls ( P

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is widely accepted as one of the most economical and sustainable processes to remove phosphorus from wastewater.Poor performance or complete failure of EBPR processes has been substantially reported because of the proliferation of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the system.This paper presented the GAOs' metabolic mechanism and the impact factors, such as influent substrate, P/C ratio, pH value, temperature and SRT, on competition between GAOs and PAOs to better understand GAOs' characteristics and improve the performance and reliability of EBPR systems.

Objective To analyze the substitutions at amino acid residues of neuraminidases ( NAs) in influenza B virus strains isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 and to further understand the genetic evolution of NAs in those influenza B virus strains .Methods Forty strains of influenza B virus isolated in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2012 were screened out for this study .A two-step reverse transcrip-tion PCR ( RT-PCR) was performed to amply the gene fragments encoding the neuraminidases of influenza B virus strains.The PCR products were purified and then sequenced in an ABI 3730XL Genetic Analyzer.The evolutionary characteristics of NA gene were analyzed by using DNAStar , Bioedit, MEGA 5.0 and BEAST 1.8.0 softwares.Results The phylogenetic tree analysis of the NA genes showed that the NAs of 28 Vic-toria strains were derived from the Yamagata lineage .There were reassortments between the Victoria lineage-HA and theYamagata lineage-NA.Some of the strains added a glycosylation site at position 462.No substitu-tion was found in important enzyme active sites and neuraminidase inhibitor resistant sites .The Bayesian MCMC analysis showed that the estimated mean evolutionary rate for NA gene was 1.74×10-3(95%HPD:1.46×10-3-2.06×10-3) substitutions/site/year.The dN/dS ratio (ω), an indicator of selective pressure, was 0.24.Conclusion The important amino acid sites of NA were relatively conservative and the evolution -ary rate for NA gene was low .The dN/dS ratio was less than one , indicating that the NA gene was under pu-rifying selection .

Adult ; Agriculture ; Antibody Formation ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

BACKGROUND: Adhesion molecules are closely associated with inflammation. Inflammation due to white blood cell (WBC) infiltration and free radical injury following brain ischemia are believed to be important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of multi-infarct dementia.OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of serum adhesion molecules and free radicals in patients with multi-infarct dementia to explore the relationship between their levels and multi-infarct dementia.DESIGN: A case-control trial.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 82 patients with multi-infarct dementia were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between January 2000 and December 2004. These patients included 32 cases of mild dementia, 21 of moderate dementia, and 29 of severer dementia. The normal controls were 23 concomitant healthy volunteers who came for routine physical examination.METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electron spin resonance were used to determine the level of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM), as well as oxygen free radical concentration in the normal controls and patients with multi-infarct dementia, and the association between the severity of the illness and the levels of adhesion molecules and oxygen free radicals was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and oxygen free radical concentration in the two groups.RESULTS: Totally 82 patients with multi-infarct dementia and 23 healthy controls were included in this study and all enter the result analysis. In multi-infarct dementia patients, the serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and oxygen free radical concentration [(469.00±76.33), (196.00± 45.91) and (1 103.30±98.96) μg/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(601.00±76.30), (4.018±1.656), and (1.295±0.718) μg/g, respectively, t=5.517-6.754, P ＜ 0.01], and the 3 indices were positively correlated with the severity of dementia (r=0.659 4,r=0.697 2, r=0.649 4, respectively, P ＜ 0.05); serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were positively correlated with the concentration of oxygen free radicals (r=0.714 7, r=0.732 4, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and oxygen free radicals might be implicated in the pathophysiological development of multi-infarct dementia, and their levels increase in parallel with the severity of dementia.

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC-1,and to explore the potential mechanism.Methods Human pancreatic cancer CFPAC-1 cells were cultured in vitro,and were treated with metformin at different concentrations (1,2.5,5,10,20,40,60 mmol/L) for different durations (24 h,48 h and 72 h),and cells without treatment were considered as control group.Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8,cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry,apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining method,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p-AMPK,FAS,cyclin D1,Bcl-xl,Bax,caspase-3 and survivin.Results Metformin could inhibit the proliferation of CFPAC-1 cells in a time and dose dependent manner.Forty-eight hours after 40 mmol/L metformin treatment,the proportion of CFPAC-1 cells in phase G0/G1 was significantly increased [(65.93 ± 0.27)％ vs (42.89± 1.02)％],and the proportion of CFPAC-1 cells in phase G2/M,S was significantly decreased [(22.01 ± 2.95) ％ vs (38.28 ± 4.93) ％,(13.58±0.43)％ vs (20.12 ± 3.38)％],and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).The apoptosis rate was increased from (3.01 ± 0.49) ％ to (32.97 ± 3.19) ％,(P ＜ 0.05) ; and the expression of p-AMPK,Bax,and caspase-3 was increased,while the expression of FAS,cyclin D1,Bcl-xl,survivin were decreased.Conclusions Metformin can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of CFPAC-1 cells mainly by activation of AMPK pathway,and down-regulation of FAS,cyclin D1,survivin and Bcl xl/Bax ratio,as well as up-regulation of caspase-3.