Objective To assess the application of 64-row volumetric CT three dimensional image formation to shape the titanium mesh for the skull neoplasty. Methods 40 cases were divided into the shaping before operation group (21 cases), in which the titanium meshes were shaped with the data from 64-row volumetric CT skull three dimensional image formation before operation; and the shaping during operation group (19 cases), in which the titanium meshes were shaped approximately before and exactly during operation. The time of shaping, anaesthesia and the whole operating were compared, and the qualities of the skull plasty were assessed. Results All the skull repaired satisfactorily. The time of shaping, anaesthesia and the whole operating was shorter in shaping before operation group than in shaping during operation group (P<0.05). No complication was observed. Conclusion Application of 64-row volumetric CT three dimensional image formation in the skull neoplasty may reduce the surgery time and risk.

The specification of decoction pieces and quality uniformity are the important factors to influence the efficacy of clinical medicine. Considering the deficiency of diversity, poor quality uniformity and confusion of decoction pieces specifications, we first propose a new idea of precision decoction pieces (PDP) based on clinical demands and fresh-processed technology. In order to explain the idea, a study case of aconite SUP is provided, including the optimized specification design, processing technology, extraction effects, quality uniformity, and toxic and efficacy variation and so on. The results showed that preparing 5 mm PDP by fresh-cutting is rather simple and practicable, with high efficiency and large yield; then, this technology could significantly decrease the ingredients loss and increase the efficacy components; moreover, it was helpful for achieving the quality uniformity and best extraction effects. This work revealed the quality superiority of PDP, and provided a good strategy and example for the standard of decoction pieces specification and modernization of processing technology.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Particle Size ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Quality Control

Grounding technique is very important to ensure the human safety, imaging devices' safety and the devices' reliable running. This paper expatriates the principles of the grounding safety, interference rejection earth, and the grounding modes and the mode selection for each imaging devices and equipments, and related grounding requirements.
Equipment Safety ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo probe the feasibility of fabricating Ni-Cr alloy coping with laser rapid forming (LRF).

METHODSThe digitalized model of coping was designed using the technology of reverse engineering and computer aided design (CAD) based on the abutment. The Ni-Cr alloy coping was fabricated with LRF. The gaps between the internal surface of coping and the external surface of abutment were measured respectively at the locations of occlusal surface edge, midpoint of axial wall and shoulder edge. The results were compared with the reference of 120 microm which was accepted generally to analyze the adaptation by statistical means.

RESULTSWith statistical analysis of the t-test, the mean of gap width of each group, (82.60 +/- 13.58) microm for group A, (45.80 +/- 16.12) microm for group B, and (57.90 +/- 9.04) microm for group C, was less than 120 pm and the differences were statistically significant (t(A) = 8.71, t(B) = 14.56, t(C) =21.72, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe Ni-Cr alloy coping with a thickness of 0.8 mm can be fabricated with LRF successfully and the adaptation can meet the reference of 120 microm.

Objective To make a preliminary evaluation of the degradation of AZ31 bioabsorbable magnesium alloy stent implanted in the abdominal aorta of experimental rabbits.Methods Twelve AZ31 biodegradable magnesium alloy stents were separately deployed in the infrarenal abdominal aortas of twelve New Zealand white rabbits.Every three experimental rabbits were sacrificed each time at one,two,three and four months after the procedure of stenting.The stenting segment of the aortas were harvested,radiographod and sent for pathologic examination to observe the degradable performance of the stent.Results All animals survived form the operation in the scheduled follow-up period.Radiographically and pathologically,the stents were fully expanded with perfect shape one month after the procedure,and part of the stent struts began to be degraded and fractured in two months,resulting in the loss of its supporting function.Three months after the implantation most stents were corroded.and in four months all the stents become completely destroyed.The estimating time for producing complete degradation of AZ31 magnesium alloy stents in rabbit's aorta was 104.5 days.Conclusion AZ31 bioabsorbable magnesium alloy stents implanted in rabbit abdominal aorta will lose their radial force in two months.How to prolong the functioning time of the implanted stents is the next research target.

ObjectiveTo investigate the development trend of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai province, and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. MethodsIn 2009, six monitoring counties were chosen by using simple random sampling methods, all diseased villages of the six monitoring counties were classified into light, moderate and severe disease types according to water fluorine content on the historical data, and 1 village was respectively chosen from each type. In monitoring villages with improved water, 3 tap water and one source water samples were collected, respectively. Five water samples were collected randomly in water unimproved monitoring villages according to water well locations of east, west, south, north and center. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined according to the Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750-2006). Children aged 8 to 12 were examined for dental fluorosis by Dean method.Clinical osteofluorosis of all the resident over the age of 16 was examined, 2 village of these counties were randomly selected, and clinically diagnosed patients with skeletal fluorosis were examined again by X-ray using Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis (WS 192-2008). Urine sample of 30 children aged 8 to 12 and of 20 adults over the age of 16 were randomly collected and urinary fluoride was determined by F-ion selective electrode method (WS/T 89-2006). ResultsImproving water projects had been implemented in 14 monitoring villages of the 18 villages in 6 counties, the rate of improved-water was 77.78％(14/18). Among the 14 projects, 5 improved-water projects ran normally, and 9 projects ran with intermittently water supply. Seventy-five water samples were tested, themean of water fluoride was 0.48 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 31.95％ (285/892), that of clinical skeletal fluorosis was 36.55％(1570/4295) and the X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 25.64％ (20/78).Five hundred and seventy-one urine samples of children were determined, and geometric mean of urinary fluorine was 1.04 mg/L; 370 adult urine samples were determined, and geometric mean of urinary fluorine was 1.52 mg/L Conclusion Epidemic of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis is still serious in Qinghai province, and drinking water defluoride measures should be further strengthened and improved.

Objective To understand the awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and characteristics of sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Changsha City. Methods By a snowball sampling method, volunteers were recruited in two social public welfare organizations in Changsha (Qingcai and Zhongda Sunshine) and interviewed by anonymous electronic questionnaires. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 19.0. Results Among 150 MSM, the overall awareness rate of HIV/ AIDS-related knowledge was 86.0% (129/150). For different demographic characteristics, higher age group, higher education level and higher income groups had significantly higher rates of awareness about HIV/AIDS related knowledge, compared with the reference groups, respectively. For the sexual behaviors, 32.7% of the investigated MSM population had their first MSM sexual intercourse at age of <18 years old, the rate of ≥18 years old group was significantly higher than the <18 years old group (2=4.315, P=0.038), 46.7% of the MSM population had more than 1 sexual partner during the past six months, the ratio of MSM used condoms in the sexual intercourse occasionally or never was 29.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Conclusions Young age, relatively low educational level and low income MSM in Changsha had a relative low awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge. MSM in Changsha City had first MSM sexual intercourse at a very younger age. There is an urgent need to take well-targeted measures to improve the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge with special MSM population, and develop effective intervention measures for the high-risk sexual behaviors among MSM.

Before the "mesorectal" theory was proposed, the traditional anatomy believed that the "pelvirectal space" belonged to the anal canal and perirectal space, which was independent of the rectal structure, located on both sides of the rectum, above the levator ani, and below the peritoneal reflexion, and was composed of a large amount of fatty tissue filling. With the development of the theory of membrane anatomy and the clarification of the concept of "rectal mesentery", combined with the author's clinical experience, we found that the above-mentioned fat is actually the fat within the mesorectum, as well as the fat tissue of lateral lymph nodes (LLN) such as the internal iliac lymph nodes (No.263) and obturator lymph nodes (No.283) on both sides of the rectal mesentery, rather than the so-called fat tissue within the interstitial space. Therefore, the author believes that the pelvirectal space does not exist. In the anatomical location equivalent to the pelvic rectal space, there is the "superior levator ani space" based on the membrane anatomy theory. From the pelvirectal space to the superior levator anal space, it reflects our further understanding of the anatomy of the rectal mesentery.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of levamisole tablets combined with ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with severe pneumonia.Methods Seventy-four patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into control and treatment groups with 37 cases per group.Control group was given ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution 20 mL per time,bid,orally.Treatment group was given 2 mg · kg-1 levamisole tablets,bid,orally,on the basis of control group.Two groups were treated for 14 days.The clinical efficacy,serum procalcitonin (PCT),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),T lymphocyte subsets and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of treatment and control groups were 94.59％ (35 cases/37 cases) and 78.38％ (29 cases/37 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:PCT were (3.27 ± 1.57) and (7.21 ±3.06)pg · L-1,BNP were (123.36 ±74.56) and (217.51 ± 81.64) pg · mL-1,CD3+ were (65.83 ± 9.37)％ and (58.63 ± 9.08)％,CD4± were (45.34±5.37)％ and (41.49 ±5.10)％,CD8± were (25.67 ±4.86)％ and (30.04 ±4.91)％,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were gastrointestinal reaction,fever and headache,which incontrol group were gastrointestinal reactions and fever.The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment andcontrol groups were 18.92％ and 13.51％ without significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Levamisole tablets combined with ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution have a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with severe pneumonia,which can significantly reduce the levels of serum BNP and PCT,and improve the immune function,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Before the "mesorectal" theory was proposed, the traditional anatomy believed that the "pelvirectal space" belonged to the anal canal and perirectal space, which was independent of the rectal structure, located on both sides of the rectum, above the levator ani, and below the peritoneal reflexion, and was composed of a large amount of fatty tissue filling. With the development of the theory of membrane anatomy and the clarification of the concept of "rectal mesentery", combined with the author's clinical experience, we found that the above-mentioned fat is actually the fat within the mesorectum, as well as the fat tissue of lateral lymph nodes (LLN) such as the internal iliac lymph nodes (No.263) and obturator lymph nodes (No.283) on both sides of the rectal mesentery, rather than the so-called fat tissue within the interstitial space. Therefore, the author believes that the pelvirectal space does not exist. In the anatomical location equivalent to the pelvic rectal space, there is the "superior levator ani space" based on the membrane anatomy theory. From the pelvirectal space to the superior levator anal space, it reflects our further understanding of the anatomy of the rectal mesentery.