BACKGROUND:Hemiarthroplasty is a proven method for reconstruction of the hip joint function, especialy for the elderly patients who cannot tolerate the total hip arthroplasty. However, for the patients with osteoporosis, there are stil more controversial in clinical practice about using cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis for hemiarthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair effect of cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis when were used for hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. METHODS:The clinical data from 105 patients treated with hemiarthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in these patients using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before surgery.Patients were divided into bone cement group (n=56) and cementless group (n=49) depending on different types of femoral stem prosthesis. The difference of efficacy between cemented or cementless femoral prosthesis when were used for hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis was analyzed by comparing the operative time, volume of drainage, post-operative Harris scores of hip joint function and radiographic assessment (prosthesis subsidence, osteolysis, severe stress shielding, heterotopic ossification) during the folow-up after the replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, the operative time in the cement group was significantly longer than that in the cementless group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative volume of drainage between these two groups (P > 0.05). At the 1, 3, 6 and 12 of folow-up after replacement, there were no significant differences in the Harris score of hip joint function, total effective rate and radiographic assessment between these two groups (P> 0.05). These results suggest that in the process of hemiarthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, the clinical efficacy of cementless femoral prosthesis is similar to the cement femoral prosthesis, therefore two prostheses can al be selected; however, the operative time of the cement femoral prosthesis is longer than the cementless femoral prosthesis, so we can give priority to the cementless femoral prosthesis for patients with osteoporosis who can’t tolerate a long operative time because of the poor basic condition.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the carious dissolution mechanism of enamel apatite nano-crystals at lattice fringe level and the possible correlation between the carious dissolution and the appearance of central dark line (CDL) in enamel crystals.

METHODSThe body of the lesion in incipient enamel caries was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JOEL-2010 operating at 200 kv), combined with selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning technique.

RESULTSIn the body of the lesion, the preferential core dissolution was found in most of enamel nano-crystals, whereas the peripheral dissolution of individual crystal could be occasionally observed. The initial carious dissolution of individual enamel apatite crystal occurred as a number of small electron-lucent spots along the central dark line with blurry, bent or disconnected lattice fringes. These small electron-lucent spots fused with each other to form large electron-lucent areas. Finally the central perforation was frequently seen in the crystals. The CDL always appeared in the same place with central perforation in carious crystals, which could be seen to extend along the CDL.

CONCLUSIONSThe initial carious dissolution is directly related to the lattice defects in the enamel nano-crystals. The preferential core dissolution can be partly ascribed to the CDL, which is presumed to be particularly susceptible area to caries.

Dental Caries ; metabolism ; Dental Enamel Solubility ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

BACKGROUNDThe CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is a novel family of proteins linking chemokines and TM4SF. Different members exhibit diverse biological functions. In this study, the effect of intracellular CMTM2 on regulating human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) transcription was evaluated.

METHODSThe effects of CMTM2 on regulating full-length HIV-1 provirus and the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed transcription were assessed by luciferase assay. Transcription factor assays, using the luciferase reporter plasmids of AP-1, CRE, and NF-κB were conducted to explore the signaling pathway(s) that may be regulated by CMTM2. The potential relationship between CMTM2 and the transcription factor AP-1 was further analyzed by Western blotting analyses to investigate the effect of CMTM2 on PMA-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

RESULTSThe results from the current study revealed that CMTM2 acts as a negative regulator of HIV-1 transcription. CMTM2 exerted a suppressive action on both full-length HIV-1 provirus and HIV-1 LTR-directed transcription. Transcription factor assays showed that CMTM2 selectively inhibited basal AP-1 and CREB activity. Co-expression of HIV-1 Tat, a potent AP-1 and CREB activator, can not reverse CMTM2-mediated AP-1 and CREB inhibition, suggesting a potent and specific effect of CMTM2 on negatively regulating these two signaling pathways.

CONCLUSIONIntracellular CMTM2 can negatively regulate HIV-1 transcription, at least in part, by targeting the AP-1 and CREB pathways. Exploring the mechanisms further may lead to new ways to control HIV-1 replication.

Chemokines ; physiology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; antagonists & inhibitors ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Space ; metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Transcription, Genetic ; U937 Cells

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and biomechanical property between unilateral fixator (UF) and Taylor fixator (TF) for treating Gustilo Ⅱ tibiofibula fracture. Methods In this retrospective study ,86 patients with open tibiofibula fracture admitted from January 2012 to August 2015 were divided into an UF group (n= 49) or a TF group (n= 37) according to fixing method ,and their clinical efficacy and biomechanical property were compared. Providing the finite element model was fully proved effective ,the axial stiffness ,bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of UF and TF were tested by this model.Additionally ,the torsional stiffness was measured at every 10° revolving around the model. Results The operation time was shorter in UF group (43.2 ± 11.7) min than in TF group (63.6 ± 9.8) min (P=0.027) ,and blood loss was less in the UF group (32.1 ± 13.8) ml than in TF group (57.6 ± 23.1) ml (P<0.001).All the patients were followed up for 8-31 months (mean:13.8 months). The healing time was shorter in the UF group (4.6 ± 1.7) months thanintheTFgroup(5.7 ±2.1)months(P=0.039).Thecomplicationrateswere4.5％ (9/201)in the UF group ,which was significantly less than that in the TF group (12.0％ ,14/117) (P<0.05) .For biomechanical property ,the axial ,bending and torsional stiffnesses were higher in the UF group [(341.47 N/m ,80 Nm/deg ,and (210-430) N/m ,respectively]than in the TF group[226.83 N/m ,72 Nm/deg ,and (242-287 ) N/m ,respectively ]. Conclusions In the treatment of open tibiofibula fracture ,UF is easier to operate and has better agreement with the biomechanical property and better ability to resist a rotation and a compression ,which is obviously superior to TF.Besides ,UF is better than TF for fracture recovery.

Objective To develop a new method for the simultaneous determination of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet(DLLME-SFO)with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Methods The experimental conditions of DLLME-SFO were determined with dodecanol as extractant solvent, methanol as dispersive solvent, inonic strength increased by adding 8% NaCl. After vortexed for 1 min and centrifuged at 4 000 r/min for 5 min, the water sample was cooled down in an ice bath till dodecanol became solid and formed a small ball. Then the solidified dodecanol phase was transferred, and directly detected by GC-MS method after it melted. Results Good linearities were obtained for the seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within the range of 5 μg/L-200 μg/L. The correlation coefficients were above 0.996. The detection limits ranged from 1.6 ng/L to 3.2 ng/L. The average recoveries ranged from 86.2% to 105% and the RSDs from 3.8% to 9.4%. Conclusion The method is sensitive, fast and simple. It has the advantage of little organic solvent consumption, which is friendly to environment and suitable for the detection of seven PAHs in water.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; Disasters ; statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; psychology ; surgery ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; psychology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Uveal melanoma (UM) is one of most common ocular cancers and is extremely malignant; so far there is no effective treatment. Moreover, the survival period is only 2-7 months after metastasis. It has been proven that more than 83% of uveal melanomas harbor mutations in G protein subunit α q (GNAQ) or G protein subunit α 11 (GNA11), among which 95% are a Q209P/L single-site mutation. Q209P/L mutations lead to dysfunction of guanine triphosphatase (GTPase) in the G protein and result in constitutive activation of downstream pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), Ras homologue (Rho)/ Rho-associated kinase (Rock)/Yes-associated protein (YAP) and others. Therefore, targeting GNAQ/GNA11 mutations are potential strategies for UM treatment. This review will focus on roles of G protein mutations in UM progression, and the potential therapeutic effects of GNAQ/GNA11 inhibitors, and will provide insights into basic and clinical research on UM treatment.

Objective:To establish a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint of branches of Juglans mandshurica and to evaluate the quality of the samples from different producing areas and in different harvest periods. Method:Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 2.7 μm） for gradient elution with mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid solution （A）-0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution （B） （0-5 min， 5%-10%B； 5-25 min， 10%-16%B； 25-40 min， 16%-22%B； 40-45 min， 22%-45%B； 45-50 min， 45%-65%B； 50-52 min， 65%-100%B； 52-55 min， 100%B） at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. The quality of branches of Juylans mandshurica was evaluated by similarity evaluation， cluster analysis， principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The chemical constituents of the samples were identified by HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. The mass spectrometry was conducted in negative ion mode with electrospray ionization（ESI）. Data were acquired over a range of m/z 100-1 700 for MS and m/z 50-1 700 for MS/MS. Result:A total of 19 common peaks were confirmed in 40 batches of samples， and the similarity ranged from 0.430 to 0.995， of which the similarity of samples collected in spring and winter seasons （April， May and December） was greater than 0.90， while the similarity of most samples collected in summer （July to September） was low. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the samples were divided into two groups according to the harvest time， but there was no obvious classification rule for the samples from different producing areas. The contents of most constituents in the samples collected in spring and winter were higher than those collected in summer. The result illustrated that different harvest periods had great influence on the quality of branches of J. mandshurica. Compared with the samples collected in summer， the quality of samples collected in spring and winter was better. A total of 22 peaks were proved to be the main constituents that contributed to the difference between samples collected in different seasons. A total of 83 chemical components were identified by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS， including 49 tannins， 7 organic acids， 14 naphthalene derivatives， 1 flavonoid， 6 anthracene derivatives， 2 lignans， 3 diarylheptanoids and 1 saccharide. Totally 13 common peaks were identified. Of the peaks that contributed to discriminate samples collected in different season， 19 peaks were identified and most of them were tannins. Conclusion:The established HPLC fingerprint can provide useful information for the quality evaluation of branches of J. mandshurica. Tannin is the main constituents in the samples. Harvest period has great influence on the quality of branches of J. mandshurica.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cerebral metabolism in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction (T2DACD) and explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at the acupoints for Tiaozang Xingshen (adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the spirit) in treatment of T2DACD, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Fifteen patients with T2DACD (observation group) and 22 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. In the observation group, the patients were treated with EA for Tiaozang Xingshen at Baihui (GV 20) and Shenting (GV 24), and bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3). EA was operated with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency and 0.1 mA to 1.0 mA in current intensity; 30 min each time, once daily. One course of EA consisted of 5 treatments, at the interval of 2 days and the intervention lasted 8 courses. Before treatment in the control group, before and after treatment in the observation group, the score of Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), the score of clinical dementia rating (CDR), Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, Nback paradigm, the score of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the score of self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the score of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were evaluated separately; the glycolipid metabolic indexes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycosylated hemoglobin type A1c [HbA1c], total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerol [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) were determined；with the magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique adopted, the metabolites in the basal ganglia area were detected. The correlation analysis was performed for the metabolite values with MoCA score, CDR score , Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, and Nback paradigm. RESULTS: Before treatment, compared with the control group, in the observation group, MoCA score was lower (P<0.001), CDR score and the levels of FPG and HbA1c were higher (P<0.001); the reaction times of Flanker non-conflict, Flanker conflict, Stroop neutrality, Stroop congruence, Stroop conflict, and 1-back were prolonged (P<0.05, P<0.001), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict, Stroop conflict, and 1-back decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the left basal ganglia area was dropped (P<0.001), and that of myo-inositol (MI) to Cr in the right side increased (P<0.05). In the observation group after treatment, compared with the levels before treatment, MoCA score was higher (P<0.001), the scores of CDR, SAS and HAMD were reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), the reaction times of Flanker conflict and Stroop conflict shortened (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict and 1-back increased (P<0.001, P<0.05); the ratio of NAA to Cr in the left basal ganglia area and that of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to Cr in the right increased (P<0.05), that of MI to Cr in the right decreased (P<0.05). Before treatment, in the observation group, the ratio of MI to Cr in the right basal ganglia area was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop congruence (r=0.671, P=0.012) and this ratio was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop conflict (r=0.576, P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Electroacupuncture for "adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the mind" improves the cognitive function of T2DACD patients, which may be related to the regulation of NAA, MI and GABA levels in the basal ganglia.
Humans ; Electroacupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy* ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy* ; Cholesterol ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Fangfeng Tongsheng Granule (FTG) in the treatment of upper respiratory infection (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior excess syndrome).

METHODSA randomized, double-blinded, multi-centered, placebo-parallel-controlled clinical trial was adopted. Totally 324 patients were enrolled and assigned to two groups, 216 patients in the treatment group and 108 patients in the control group. Those in the treatment group took FTG at the daily dose of 3 g, twice per day, the therapeutic course being 3 days. Those with axillary temperature more than 37 degrees C took one more time before medication. Those in the control group took simulated agent granules the same dose and dosage as the treatment group. The effect of Chinese medical syndrome (ECMS), the rate of temperature-dropping-to-normal (RT), the time of temperature-dropping-to-normal (TT), the curative effect of single symptom (CESS) and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSTotally 203 completed the trial in the treatment group and 101 in the control group. In the treatment group, the cured-effective rate was 55.67% (113/ 101), the total effective rate was 93.10% (189/101), the ECMS score decreased by 9.24 +/- 4.46, while they were 5.94% (6/101), 36.63% (37/101), and 3.27 +/- 3.29, respectively in the control group (P < 0.01). The RT was 87.50% (98/112) in the treatment group and 58.49% (31/53) in the control group (P < 0.01). The TT in the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.01). As for CESS, all of the three primary symptoms and nine secondary symptoms were improved more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group. The integral decreased obviously, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). The decrease was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no adverse event related to FTG.

CONCLUSIONFTG was effective and safe in treating upper respiratory infection (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior excess syndrome).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Apiaceae ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult