Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of immunodepressant on Crohn's disease (CD).Methods 105 patients with CD were collected from 1983 to 2006 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.All of their clinical manifestations and therapeutic results were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1)The application of immunedepressant was significantly increased after the year of 2000 (34.7% vs 3.0%,P=0.000).(2)The application of immunodepressant and the clinical features of these patients were as fouows：①The number of patients with modcrate to severe CD were more than that with mild CD in those using immunodepressant (28.9% vs 0).②The use of immunodepressant was not related with the diseased site of CD.because there were no difference among the groups with lesion in small intestine (20.0%),colon(27.3%)and ileocolon(27.1%),P=0.726.③The serum albumin level of CD patients using immunodepressant was significantly lower than that of those not using(31.9 g/L vs 35.1 g/L,P=0.047).④The use of immunodepressant did not decrease the incidenee of operative treatment(38.5% vs 50.0%,P=0.320).(3)The rate of remission in 19 CD patients using azathioprine is 68.4%(13/19)and the percentage of neutrophil in the group with relief was lower than that without relief(0.76 vs 0.65,P=0.032).Conclusions Immunodepressant is playing more important role in the treatment of CD.The patients with moderate and severe CD with as well as lower serum albumin should be treated with immunodepressant as early as possible.Whether immunedepressant is necessary or not is not decided by the diseased site.CD patients with higher percentage of neutrophil have less therapeutic effect than those with lower.

AIM To establish the expermental model in vitro for the study of mechanism of antitumor drug resistance and the screening of antitumor drug. METHODS By continuously exposing cells to gradually increasing concentration of drug and agar cell colony forming technique, using dye exclusive method for determing cytotoxic effect, a murine leukemia L1210 cell subline were established,which exhibited 40 fold resistance to Cis diamminedichloro platinum(DDP). RESULTS The doubling times, plate efficiency, cell cycle, DNA index and cell morphology of DDP resistant L1210 subline were similarto those of its parant cell line. When the cell subline was stored with DDP at -196℃ for 6 months and then was recovered, its characterization of antitumor drug resistance was still maintained to a period of 5 months without DDP. DDP resistant L1210 subline was characterized with cross resistance to Carboplatin, Mitomycin, Thio Tepa, Methotrexate, Vincristin and Mustine Hydrochloride, but with no cross resistance to Harringtonine and Adriamycin. It was seemed more sensitive to Cytarabine and Fluorouracil. CONCLUSION DDP resistant L1210 subline is a good experimental model in vitro for the study of mechanism of antitumor drug resistance and the screening of antitumor drug.

Objective To examine the relationship between plasma homocysteine level and status of congestive heart failure. Methods Plasma homocysteine level was determined in 106 patients with congestive heart failure(CHF).Among them,40 patients were diagnosed as having recent onset of CHF(group 1) and the remaining 66 were receiving conventional treatment(group 2).Thirty healthy subjects were served as a control group. Results(The plasma) homocysteine levels in group 1,group 2 and the control group were(14.87?5.22),(13.25?5.45) and((7.52)?1.73) ?mol/L,respectively.The plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 than in the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenfu Injection (SFI), as a adjuvant therapy, in treating patients of ischemic cardiomyopathy with heart insufficiency (ICP-HI).

METHODSOne hundred patients of ICP-HF were equally randomized into two groups, the SFI group and the control group. All received the conventional treatment, but to patients in the SFI group SFI was given additionally via intravenous injection, 60 mL once a day, 10 days each month, the treatment course was 6 months. Changes of cardial functional grading, 6-min walking distance, echocardiographic indices, plasma N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) level were observed before and after treatment, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in patients were observed as well.

RESULTSAs compared with the conventional treatment alone, additional application of SFI showed a more significant efficacy in improving NYHA functional grade and 6-min walking distance, reducing the diameters of left ventricular at end diastole and systole, increasing left ventricular ejection fraction, and decreasing plasma N terminal pro-BNP level (P <0.05). The occurrence of MACE and the mortality in the SFI group were significantly lower than those in the control group respectively (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBased on the conventional treatment, the adjuvant therapy of SFI could improve the cardiac function, improve the quality of life, ameliorate ventricular reconstruction, and decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients of ICP-HI.

Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; complications ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in estimating if standard dose treatment is fit for the elderly patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma.Methods.Comprehensive geriatric assessments including three assessments of activity of daily living,instrumental activity of daily living and comorbidity scoring according to Cumulative Illness Rating Score for Geriatrics were adopted to assess if standard dose treatment is fit for the elderly patients in our prospective study.Thirty seven patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma,aged ＞70 years were enrolled in the study,and grouped into fit,unfit and frail groups according to comprehensive geriatric assessment scoring and their age.The treatment protocolswere not determined by comprehensive geriatric assessment scores,but by clinical judgments made by clinicians based on their clinical experience and disease features.The clinically effective response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in the three groups.Results According to CGA scores,patients were grouped into fit [21 cases (56.8％)],unfit [7 (18.9％)] and frail [9 (24.3％)].37 cases received 213 courses of treatment at average 5.76 courses per case.The overall response (complete / partial remission) rates were [85.7％(18/21) vs.28.6％ (2/7) vs.44.4％ (4/9),x2=9.69,P=0.008] and median survival times were (44 months vs.10 months vs.9 months;x2 =7.03,P=0.03) among fit,unfit and frail groups with statistically significant differences.Total effective rate (achieving all clinical targets) in fit group of 21 cases were 100 ％ (12/12)with receiving standard dose therapy,and 66.7％ of(6/9)with low dose therapy(P=0.06).Overall response rate(total/partial remission) [85.7％(18/21) vs.28.6％(2/7) vs.44.4％(4/9),x2=9.69,P=0.008] and median survival (44 months vs.10 months vs.9 months;x2 =7.03,P=0.03) amongfit,unfit and frail groups.In fit group,the two-year overall survival was higher in patients receiving standard dose treatment than receivingpalliativetreatment,with statistical significance [83.3 ％ (10/12) vs.33.3 ％ (3/9),P =0.032],without significant hematologic toxicity observed between the subgroups.Conclusions Comprehensive geriatric assessment can identify if elderly patients diffuse large B cell lymphoma can acquire a satisfactory curative effect from a standard dose treatment ofimmunochemotherapy.

Objective To study the clinical presentations,radiologic features,prognosis,and possible causes of liver injury associated umbilical venous catheter (UVC ).Methods We reviewed database of our NICU from December 2012 to November 2015 and identified preterm infants with liver injury while UVC in place.The gestational age,birth weight,gender,days of UVC in place prior to liver injury, the depth of UVC (cm),UVC tip position,ultrasound findings of liver injury,laboratory tests,treatment and outcomes were collected.Results During study period,322 infants received UVC insertion.Ten cases (3.1 %)of liver injury associated with UVC were diagnosed.Of the ten infants,nine were diagnosed as extravasation of fluid to liver parenchyma,and one was diagnosed as liver hematoma.The mean birth weight was (1184 ±207)g,mean gestational age was (28.5 ±1.7)weeks.The UVC tip was at thoracic (T) vertebrae T 9 to T 11 level,nine UVC tips were below the right diaphragm level.All UVCs were used for total parenteral nutrition before liver injury was diagnosed.Six infants had clinical manifestations,and four infants were free of clinical manifestations.The most prominent clinical signs were abdominal distension (n =5),weak bowel sounds (n =5)and hepatomegaly (n =4).One infant who was diagnosed with liver hematoma also had progressive hemoglobin decline (minimum 34 g/L)and shock.Abdominal ultrasound showed well-limited,irregular,hyperechoic rimmed lesions with heterogeneously hypoechoic centers or anechoic liquid dark space.Extravasation of fluid to liver parenchyma will restorate within one week after the UVC was remove.One baby who was diagnosed as liver hematoma passed away at 9 days of life.Liver ultrasound of eight returned to normal in 52 days to 3.5 months,and one had calcified lesions at 9 months of age.Conclusions Liver injury is an unusual complication of UVC insertion and usage.Proper positioning of the UVC tip may help to avoid this complication.Early recognition,prompt diagnosis with liver ultrasound examination and timely treatment can lead to better outcome in newborns with extravasation of fluid to liver parenchyma.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the incidence of liver injury in multi-drug resistant tu-berculosis ( MDR-TB ) patients with the treatment of second-line anti-TB drugs.Methods: Medline (January 1, 1966 to March 1, 2014), Embase (January 1, 1974 to March 1, 2014) and the Cochrane library (January 1, 1993 to March 1, 2014) with four Chinese databases including VIP ( January 1, 1989 to March 1, 2014), CBMDisc (January 1, 1978 to March 1, 2014), CNKI (January 1, 1994 to March 1, 2014)and Wanfang (January 1, 1998 to March 1, 2014), were systematically searched with the keywords including “Tuberculosis”,“multidrug-resistant”,“MDR-TB”,“side effect”,“adverse”,“safety” and “tolerability” for the follow-up studies of MDR-TB patients with liver injury during the treatment of second-line anti-TB drugs.The relevant information was extracted and the data were analyzed using the random-effects model .Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on the diagnostic criteria, study population , study design , history of anti-TB treatment and treatment length .Results: A total of 26 articles with 3 875 MDR-TB patients were included , of which 373 patients developed liver in-jury, and the weighed combined incidence of liver injury was 7.7%(95%CI:5.5%-10.8%).There was some heterogeneity among the studies .Subgroup analyses showed that the incidence of liver injury was higher in groups with treatment length≥18 months and non-Asian populations , but there was no sig-nificant difference between the groups (P>0.05).Among the 26 articles, only nine of them reported the diagnostic criteria of liver injury , while the criteria were not uniform .Conclusion:The incidence of liver injury during the treatment of second-line anti-TB drug in MDR-TB patients was high , and the diag-nostic criteria were not uniform .We should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of liver injury , and develop standard diagnostic criteria for it .

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic characteristics of organizing pneumonia of the autopsies in elder and to analyze the possible underlying etiologic factors.

METHODSNinety-five cases of organizing pneumonia were found from 635 elderly autopsy reports of the Beijing Hospital since 1980. The morphologic and imaginal features were analyzed.

RESULTSThe foci of organizing pneumonia in our series were often small, patchy, scattered and adjacent to other lung lesion. There were, however, some variations in cases with different underlying conditions. The conditions associated with organizing pneumonia, as detected in our series, were: (1) 36 cases with suppurative inflammation, lung abscesses and chronic relapsing pneumonia; (2) 17 cases with fungal or viral infection; (3) 16 cases with aspiration pneumonia; (4) 5 cases with radiation pneumonia. We observed that it was not uncommon for organizing pneumonia coexisting with atelectasis and chronic pleuritis. The image of organizing pneumonia was varied.

CONCLUSIONSOrganizing pneumonia is a common finding in autopsies of the elder. It occurs in association with many diseases and the basic pathologic changes are similar. All of which represent secondary phenomenon. Possible etiologic factors include infection (due to bacteria, fungi or virus), aspiration and radiation. The possibility of organizing pneumonia should be considered if the shadow of lung is undisappeared in imagin.

Aged ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Abscess ; complications ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; complications ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; complications ; pathology ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies

AIM To establish a model of vascular intima hyperplasia for study the restenosis after angioplasty. METHODS Carotid artery of rat was exposed under general anesthesia. Two pieces of steel slides(13 mm?5 mm?1 mm) were set on and under the carotid artery separately. Then the slides were squeezed by two surgical forceps paralleling to the artery for 25 min. Histomorphological study was performed at the second hour or on the fourteenth day after operation. RESULTS At the second hour after operation, the loss of endothelial integrity and platelet deposition were seen under the scanning electromicroscopy. Under the light microscopy, there were infiltration of inflammatory cells in vessel wall andthrombus formation in the vessel cavity. At the fourteenth day after operation, PCNA positive cells in vessel wall of squeezed artery were significantly higher, the ratios of intima, medium and intima areas of squeezed artery were significantly increased and the ratio of cavity area of squeezed artery was significantly decreased compared with those of uninjured artery.The vascular intima hyperplasia and PCNA positive cells in squeezed arterial wall were inhibited by oral administration of heparinoid and aspirin. CONCLUSION With squeezing carotid artery in rats the vascular intima hyperplasia as restenosis after angioplasty was established.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of maternal prenatal education on promoting breastfeeding rate for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods Gravidas who were admitted to Peking University First Hospital for any risk of preterm delivery from November 2013 to December 2014 and preterm infants admitted to the NICU (length of stay ≥ 5 d) of the same hospital during the same period were involved.All the gravidas received prenatal education and completed questionnaires.Two hundred and ninety-five preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups including education group (n=125) and non-education group (n=170) according to whether their mothers received prenatal education or not.Conditions of the preterm infants during hospitalization and after discharge and breastfeeding rates were comparatively analyzed between the two groups.T test,Chi-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) There were 380 gravidas received questionnaires.Among them,346 (91.1％)completed the questionnaires and were recruited in this study.Only 31.8％ (110/346) of these gravidas were active in learning more about breastfeeding and 46.2％ (160/346) of them lacked confidence in breastfeeding after the appearance of preterm delivery signs.There were significant improvements in their attitudes towards considering breastfeeding seriously and discussing with their family,confidence in breastfeeding,the importance of colostrum and how to breastfeed a preterm infant in hospital after maternal prenatal education (all P＜0.001).Prenatal education was thought to be helpful in 77.5％ (268/346) of the gravidas.(2) The two groups of preterm infants showed good homogeneities in gestational age,gender,birth weight and other basal conditions as well as in incidences of in-hospital complications and conditions after discharge (all P＞0.05).Proportions of breast milk intake (breast milk intake over total dairy intake) in preterm infants were higher in education group than those in non-education group within 5 d after birth [0.0 (0.0-16.5)％ vs 0.0 (0.0-2.5)％,Z=-3.422],＞5-≤ 7 d [33.7 (0.0-82.8)％ vs 0.0 (0.0-50.3)％,Z=-3.070],＞7-≤ 14 d [75.2(23.5-96.4)％ vs 47.6(0.0-92.2)％,Z=-2.345] and during hospitalization [58.4 (21.0-78.8)％ vs 31.9 (0.0-71.7)％,Z=-3.902] (all P＜0.05).Breastfeeding rates were higher in education group than those in non-education group at the age of 5 d [47.2％(59/125) vs 27.1％ (46/170),x2=12.747],7 d [70.4％ (88/125) vs 51.2％ (87/170),x2=11.031],three months [83.3％(65/78) vs 56.1％ (60/107),x2=15.297] and six months [64.5％ (49/76) vs 49.1％ (53/108),x2=4.282] (all P＜0.05).Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first,third and sixth months after birth were higher in education group [45.7％(53/116),42.3％ (33/78) and 36.9％ (28/76)] than those in non-education group [21.3％ (32/150),28.0％ (30/107)and 22.2％ (24/108)] (22=17.847,4.091 and 4.703,all P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions Most gravidas with risk factors of preterm delivery have no confidence on breastfeeding.Prenatal maternal education is an effective and feasible intervention to improve breastfeeding rate for preterm infants in NICU from early hospitalization till six months after birth.