Since 1970's , lots of studies on biodegradation of chloroanilines (CAS) have been done, especially, in these aspects: spieces and capability of the microbes; metabolic pathway; gene cloning, expression of degradation plas-mid and pivotal metabolic emzymes. It is necessary for us to review the study on biodegradation of chloroanilines in order to summarize some useful results and the problems in this study.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To assess the outcome of percutaneous vertebroplasty for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. Methods Five cases with 7 symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas were treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty. Aggressive lesions were treated with absolute alcohol injection in addition. Patients were followed-up and clinical manifestations were observed and CT, MRI and X-ray plain film were compared between before and after vertebroplasty. Results Procedures were successful without complications. Most of the symptoms resolved within 24 hours after vertebraplasty. All patients were followed-up for 12～50 months and free of neurological deficits and symptoms. Imaging follow-up showed no vertebral collapse, nor recurrance of hemangiomas. Conclusion With effective long-term follow-up and quick elimination of symptoms, precutaneous vertebroplasty, added with absolute alcohol injection in aggressive cases, proves to be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas.

To review the background and advance of a strategy of bioethnopharmaceutical analytical pharmacology(BAP).BAP is an idea for elucidating absorbed bioactive compound(ABC)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula or herbal remedy.It is also a mode of active comparison between absorbed compounds and the parent formula including determination of ABC in blood,the ABC dosage identical to its content in formula,and the active comparison of ABC and the parent formula.The ABC of Guan-Xin-Er-Hao formula elucidated by BAP strategy has been reviewed and the significance of BAP strategy will be further discussed.

Objective To explore the effect of oxaliplatin ( OXA) on enhancing radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 . Methods 50% inhibition concentration ( IC50 ) of HepG2 cells treated with OXA was measured by using MTT method at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. Then clone formation assay was applied to obtain sensitizing enhancement ratio ( SER) of OXA combing IR, according to the survival fraction of three groups 10?14 days after treatments:placebo?treated group ( C) ,radiation group ( IR, single dose of 1 Gy,2 Gy,4 Gy,6 Gy,8 Gy,10 Gy) and IR synchronizing OXA group ( IR+3 mg/L OXA) . The proportions of cell apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry at 24 hours after treatment. At last, we semi?quantitative tested the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 ( ERK 1/2 ) and DNA damage repair protein Ku?70 of the C,IR and IR+OXA groups. Statistical analysis was performed by T test. Results The IC50 of OXA on HepG2 cells is 54?4 mg/L at 6 hours,29?1 mg/L at 12 hours,17?8 mg/L at 24 hours and 10?5 mg/L at 48 hours.3 mg/L was selected in clone formation assay at which 80?90% HepG2 cells survived at 24 hours. The SER ( SF2 ) is calculated as 1?59. Flow cytometry showed the proportion of survival cells in IR+OXA group is significantly lower than those of IR group ( P=0?005) ,OXA group ( P=0?008) and C group ( P=0?001) . The expressions of ERK 1/2 were inhibited in IR and IR+OXA groups compared by that of control group. But the expression of ERK 1/2 in IR group showed increasing after 48 hours which was higher than that of IR+OXA group. For Ku?70,the changes of expression were similar with that of ERK 1/2. Conclusion Oxaliplatin presented enhancing radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 6 residual organic solvents in aprepitant raw material as methanol,ethanol,acetone,isopropyl alcohol,methyl tert-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.METHODS:Headspace capillary gas chromatography was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-624 capillary column using temperature programming.The temperature of injector port was 180 ℃,and flame ionization detector was used with temperature of 260 ℃.Nitrogen was used as carrier gas with flow rate 3.0 mL/min.The spilt ratio was 5 ∶ 1,and head-space injection volume was 1.0 mL.The head-space equilibrium temperature was set at 80 ℃,and equilibrium time was 40 min.RESULTS:The linear ranges of methanol,ethanol,acetone,isopropyl alcohol,methyl tert-butyl ether,tetrahydrofuran were 6.052-605.232 μ g/mL (r=0.999 9),9.987-998.718 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),9.998-999.768 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),9.986-998.634 μg/mL(r=0.999 9),9.991-999.090 μg/mL (r=0.999 7),1.461-146.133 μg/mL(r=0.999 5),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 1.782 1,2.079 0,0.749 8,1.777 8,0.223 1,0.607 0 μg/mL;the limits of detection were 0.594 0,0.693 0,0.249 9,0.592 6,0.074 4,0.202 3 μg/mL,respectively.RSD of precision test was lower than 2.0％.Only acetone and isopropyl alcohol were detected in stability test and reproducibility tests,RSD＜2.0％.Their recoveries were 99.34-100.75％ (RSD=0.52％,n=9),98.20％-100.24％ (RSD=0.69％,n=9),98.07％-100.07％ (RSD=0.84％,n=9),99.86％-101.32％ (RSD=0.58％,n=9),97.87％-104.02％ (RSD=2.13％,n=9),98.26 ％-100.58 ％ (RSD =0.75 ％,n =9),respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The established method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 6 residual organic solvents in aprepitant raw material.

In order to establish the stable andreliable ISSR-PCR System of Lysimachia christinae, L16 (4(5)) orthogonal design, which based on 7 levels of single factor experiment, were used in this study. The variance analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0, and 5 main factors affecting the reaction system were optimized in 4 levels. The best annealing temperature was selected by the optimized reaction system. And the stability and reliability of this system was tested by 23 samples from different origins. The results showed that the five factors (DNA template, primer, dNTP, Mg2+ and Taq enzyme) were the most impacts on the amplified results of ISSR-PCR of L. christinae. The order of the influence was: primer > Taq enzyme > DNA template > Mg2+ > dNTP. The optimal system, which was determined by multiple comparison on different levels of each factor, was total volume of 25 microL, including DNA template 60 ng, primer 0.3 micromol x L(-1), dNTP 0.2 mmol x L(-1), Mg2+ 1.8 mmol x L(-1), Taq enzyme 1.25 U. The optimal system was stable and reliable tested by 23 samples from different origins. This study lays the foundation for genetic diversity analysis, fine varieties selection and molecular identification of L. christinae, and provides reference for optimization on ISSR-PCR system of other speciesin future.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Primulaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control

Sanjie Zhentong capsules were scanned by using a near infrared spectra probe with different drug mass fraction and the spectral information of capsule shells and contents in it were obtained. Then partial least squares (PLS) models were developed for the prediction of mass fraction of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus and Resine draconis in Sanjie Zhentong capsules. The correlation coefficient (r9c)) and root mean standard error( RMSEC) of 0.949 5, 0.958 2 and 4.742 4, 4.135 7. The models obtained correlation coefficient (r(v)) of 0.919 2, 0.936 7 and root mean square error (RMSECV) of 6.158 9, 5.037 3 respectively in the training set. The paired T test analysis of statistics showed that there were no significant difference between predictive values and measure values. The established models reflected a strong prediction performance and can meet the needs of the production.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the association between adiponectin and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sLDL-c) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Furthermore, we sought to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1501299 (+276G/T), rs266729 (-11365C/G) and the incidence of CAD.

METHODSConsecutive subjects with chest discomfort were examined by coronary angiography and divided into non-CAD [n = 250, 147 male, mean age (60.26 ± 7.52) years] and CAD [n = 267, 153 male, mean age (60.79 ± 9.63) years] groups. Blood samples were collected from all participants following an overnight fasting for at least 12 hours. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of sLDL-C and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were determined by ELISA. Genotypes in rs1501299 and rs266729 of the adiponectin were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS1. The adiponectin levels were significantly lower [(306.17 ± 74.52) mg/L vs. (321.78 ± 86.28) mg/L], whereas sLDL-C and ox-LDL levels were significantly higher [(276.30 ± 45.55) ng/L vs. (249.00 ± 32.02) ng/L and (545.06 ± 115.46) µg/L vs. (497.74 ± 106.09) µg/L, P < 0.05] in CAD group than non-CAD group. 2. Adiponectin level was negatively associated with sLDL-C, whereas sLDL-C positively correlated with ox-LDL in all subjects. 3. Genotype distribution and allele frequencies of rs1501299 and rs266729 were similar between CAD and non-CAD subjects and not related to the serum levels of adiponectin, sLDL-C and ox-LDL.

CONCLUSIONSReduced adiponectin and increased sLDL-C were independent risk factors for coronary artery disease. Genetic polymorphisms in rs1501299 and rs266729 were not linked with coronary artery disease.

Adiponectin ; blood ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum extraction parameters and components on ant oil from Polyrhachis vicina.

METHODThe optimum condifious for supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE-CO2), were investigated with orthogonal design, GC-MS was applied for analyzing. The components and their contents in the ant oil were analyzed by GC-MS, and the contents of lead, zinc and manganese in the oil were determined by ICP-AES.

RESULTThe optimum extraction parameters were achieved, temperature of 50 degrees C, pressure of 30 MPa and time of 2 hours. The extracting yield of the ant volatile oil was 11.4% - 14.3%. 51 Constituents were identified including 9-octadecenoic acid, ethyl oleate, cholesterol, n- Hexadecanoic acid, etc, and the content of various constituents was determined by orea normalization. The oil contained unsaturated fatty acid of 64.6%, lead of 0.80 microg x g(-1), zinc of 0.54 microg x g(-1) and manganese of 0.15 microg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method showes advantages including faster and efficient of extraction, good quality and no solvent residues in the oil.

Animals ; Ants ; chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lead ; analysis ; Manganese ; analysis ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Zinc ; analysis