Objective To explore the clinical character,diagnosis and treatment principals of pyeloureteritis glandularis and cystitis glandularis.Methods The clinical manifestation,character of imageology and endoscopy images of the case for one year follow-up were analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results During one year follow-up,there was no clinical symptoms and any progress on imageology.The patient is still in close following-up.Conclusions According to literatures,cystitis glandularis is not common in clinical,and it should be paid more attention by clinicians.There were a few reports about the ureteritis glandularis.Pelvis,ureter and bladder have the same epithelial tissue,pyelitis glandularis is very rare,up to now there is no efficient treatment ways.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,pathology,prognosis and proper treatment of tubular carcinoma of the breast. Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with tubular carcinoma of the breast treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results The incidence of tubular carcinoma of the breast account for 0.4% of the total breast cancer cases.Eight out of 11 cases had palpable painless lumps in the breast.Six cases received modified radical mastectomy,among which one patient received modified radical mastectomy of both sides.Four patients underwent breast conservation therapy.Sentinel lymph nodes biopsy was conducted in 2 patients.By immunohistochemistry ER was positive in 6 cases,PR was positive in 7 cases,2 cases were axiilary lymph node positive.Three patients received chemotherapy.Two patients received endocrine therapy(tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor).Other patients received combined therapy including radiation,endocrine therapy and chemotherapy.All the patients have been followed up from 1 month to 7 years and within the period there is no recurrence,metastasis and death. Conclusion Tubulax carcinoma of the breast is a kind of low malignant tumor.Proper surgery and adjuvant therapy is important to improve survival and the quality of life.

Objective To discuss the expansion model of the eyeball and investigate the morphologic characteristics of high-my- opic eyeball through the dimensional measurement in high-myopia and emmetropia by MRI. Design Case controll study. Participants Thirty-two emmetropes (60 eyes) and 33 high myopes (60 eyes) were enrolled, without eye diseases and history of ocular surgery or in- jury. Methods 60 high-myopic eyes and 60 emmetropic eyes were measured with MRI (I.5T,PHILIPS) to get the data of three inner ocular dimensions, intraocular volume and the volume of different parts. Main Outcome Measures Three dimensions and volumes of eyeballs. Results The average value of axial (28.16?2.80 mm), horizontal (22.87+1.23 mm) and vertical length (23.40?0.99 ram) of high-myopic eyes were much bigger than those of emmetropic eyes(P=0.000), especially the axial length( with difference of 5.38 mm); The axial length was correlated with refractive error (0.36 mm/D,r~2=0.88, P=0.000). The average value of the whole ocular volume (7. 46?0.89 ml) and vitreous volume(6.90?0.8 ml) of the high myopic eyes were bigger than those of emmetropic eyes(P=0.000), while ante- rior segment volume and lens volume were about the same as that of emmetropic eyes (P=0.220, P=0.630). Conclusions The three di- mensions of high-myopic eyes were significantly longer than that of emmetropic eyes. In high myopes, the increased vitreous volume lead to the increase of the whole ocular volume. There may be two models in the ocular expansion of high myopia: global expansion and axial elongation expansion. More serious refractive error cause more obvious expansion in axial elongation.

Objective To study the effects of ghrelin on action potential (AP) and transient outside K+ current (Ito) in ventricular myocytes of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats.Methods A rat model of DCM was established by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60mg/kg), and whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the effects of 10-7mmol/L ghrelin on AP and Ito current density in the DCM rat ventricular myocytes.Results Compared to DCM group, Ghrelin of 10-7mmol/L could significantly prolong APD50 [(12.49±2.32)％;n=7, P=0.037] and APD90 [(26.29±5.13)％;n=7, P=0.006] and decrease Ito current peak value [(23.14±3.07)％;n=9, P=0.021] in DCM rat ventricular myocytes.Conclusion Exogenous ghrelin is involved in the electrophysiological reconstruction of the heart of diabetic rats by decreasing Ito current and prolonging APD in STZ-induced DCM rat ventricular myocytes.

Objective To detect the variations of the serum α-MSH and TNF-α in multiple-trauma patients and discuss their role in severity of casualties.Methods Fifty casualties were divided into two groups for study.There were 30 casualties with moderate severe trauma(ISS 16 ～ 25 point)and 20 patients with extreme severe trauma(ISS ＞ 25 point),and another 15 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls.The blood samples were obtained within 24 hours,and 3 days,5 days,7 days after admission.The serum levels of α-MSH and TNF-α in casualties with multiple injuries were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent double antibody sandwich method(ELISA).The data were expressed in((x)± s),and analyzed with chi-square test and repetitive measures of ANOVA by using SPSS 13.0 package.P value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance Results The serum α-MSH levels of casualties within 24 hours,and 3 days,5 days,7 days after injury in the two groups were much lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the serum TNF-α levels of casualties were much higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.01).The serum α-MSH levels of casualties with extreme severe traumawere lower,and the TNF-αlevels of casualties with extreme severe trauma were higher than those in patients with moderate severe trauma(P ＜0.01,respectively).There were negative correlations between two biomarkers 24 hours,5d and 7d after injury.Conclusions In casualties,the serum levels of α-MSH decreased and the serum levelsof TNF-α increased,and the degrees of changes were closely depended on the severity of trauma,the more severe the more significant changes.There was a negative correlation between two biomarkers.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound(CE-TRUS) in the perineal prostate biopsy. Methods A total of 116 patients was undergone prostate biopsy through the perineum under the direction of tansrectal ultrasound. Prostate biopsy standard was based on 2007 CUA revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases.Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to check the prostate and to learn the prostate focal lesion,size, number and echo color Doppler flow characteristics. Of the 116 cases, 43 patients was undergone contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound. Results The biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer was 64 cases, Benign prostatic hyperplasia was 52 cases. Of 43 cases who undergone contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound, Prostate cancer and Benign prostatic hyperplasia were 25 and 18 cases, respectively. CE-TRUS group and TRUS group showed no statistical difference between two groups. Analyzed the cases with PSA≤30 ng/ml, CE-TRUS group had a higher positive rate of biopsy (P=0.046). Conclusion TRUS guided transperineal biopsy of prostate might be an method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a higher accuracy rate. CE-TRUS can improve the biopsy positive rate of prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo test the the association between PRODH gene variant rs385440 and the susceptibility to schizophrenia and the severity of schizophrenia in Guangxi Zhuang and Han population,further exploring the genetic mechanisms of schizophrenia in Guangxi Zhuang and Han population.MethodsThe schizophrenia patients were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria in this study.The subjects in the association analysis were 282 unrelated schizophrenia patients(94 Zhuang and 188 Han) and 282 healthy controls (94 Zhuang and 188 Han).A quantitative real-time PCR TaqMan MGB experimental method was carried out to analysis rs385440.The clinical psychotic symptoms of 246 schizophrenia patients (83 Zhuang and 163 Han) were assessed by PANSS.Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS13.0 for windows.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in different allele and genotype frequencies of rs385440 between schizophrenia cases and controls in Zhuang samples,Han samples and combined samples respectively (P＞ 0.05 ).In Zhuang schizophrenia patients the score of N4 (passive/apathetic social withdrawal) item in A allele carriers (3.28 ± 1.34) was higher than that of G allele carriers ( 2.40 ± 1.36 ) significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ),and the score of G12 ( lack of judgment and insight) item in A allele carriers(4.92 ± 1.55 ) was higher than that of G allele carriers ( 4.12 ± 1.85 ) significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion There is no association between PRODH gene variant rs385440 and the susceptibility to schizophrenia in Guangxi Zhuang and Han population.Rs385440 associated the severity of passive/apathetic social withdrawal symptom and poor attention symptom of schizophrenia in Zhuang.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality in women worldwide. The more accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis and evaluation of personalized prognosis of breast cancer patients could provide evidence and reference for individualized comprehensive treatment and clinical decision-making. Nomogram is statistical calculation model developed to generate individualized prediction of a certain clinical event through the factors associated with it. Currently breast cancer related nomogram models is most commonly used in the prediction of non-sentinel lymph node status in patients with sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer, sentinel lymph node metastasis in clinical node-negative breast cancer and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer. This article reviewed the recent advances in breast cancer related nomograms according to the above mentioned three aspects, and evaluated respectively the predictive factors, accuracy, characteristics and clinical application potential.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in cortical neurons in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 280-320 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each):sham operation group,I/R group and EA pretreatment group.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min,followed by 24 h of reperfusion.EA of Baihui acupoint lasting 30 min was performed and then the model of focal cerebral I/R was established 24 h later in EA group.Neurological function was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion.The rats were then sacrificed and brains removed for detection of the cerebral infarct volume and expression of pSTAT3 (Ser727) in cortical neurons in ischemic penumbra by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results Compared with sham operation group,the neurological function score was decreased,the infarct volume was increased,and the expression of pSTAT3 (Ser727) was up-regulated in groups I/R and EA (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,neurological function score was increased,the infarct volume was decreased,and the expression of pSTAT3 (Ser727) was up-regulated in group EA (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EA pretreatment reduces focal cerebral I/R injury through up-regulating pSTAT3 expression in cortical neurons in rats.

Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer. Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer.