Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma imatinib and its effect in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML). Methods Fifty-one CML patients were included in this study,who began taking imatinib from July 2005 to February 2008, with 34 cases of male, and 17 cases of female.Nine patients took imatinib at dose of 300 mg/d, 37 patients took imatinib at dose of 400 mg/d, and 5 patients took imatinib at dose of 600 mg/d. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to test imatinib plasma levels. Results The imatinib plasma levels was imatinib dose-related, and the imatinib plasma trough levels significantly varied between individuals[(342-4688)ng/ml]. The imatinib plasma levels was significant lower in 300 mg/d dose group [(1037±514) ng/ml] than 400 mg/d dose group [(2123±1016) ng/ml] (t =2.34, P =0.032),and the effective rate was 66.7 % (6/9) in 300 mg/d dose group, which was lower than 400 mg/d dose group of 89.19 % (33/37) (χ2=7.14, P =0.008). In 300 mg/d and 400 mg/d dose groups, 39 patients achieved effective treatment, and their imatinib plasma levels was significant higher than that of 7 patients who did not achieved effective treatment (t =2.25, P =0.037). The ROC curve results suggested that clinical treatment may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml (sensitivity was 84.6 %, specificity was 71.1 %).Conclusion The imatinib plasma levels was dose-related, and significantly varied between individuals.Clinical treatment effect may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml.

Objective To assess the efficacy of combination of Jiehe pellet and the standardized anti-tuberculosis therapeutic regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis complicating cervical lymph node tuberculosis in the aged. Methods A total of 103 aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicating cervical lymph node tuberculosis were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a standardized anti-tuberculosis therapeutic regimen group (control group with 51 patients) or a standardized anti-tuberculosis therapeutic regimen plus Jiehe pellet group (treatment group with 52 patients). The patients in the control group and the treatment group received the treatment with 2HRZE/4HR and 2HRZE/4HR plus Jiehe pellet for 6 months, respectively. The abscessed lymph nodes were treated by either total excision or incision and drainage after 4 weeks of medicine treatment in both groups. Sputum smear was examined for acid-fast bacilli. The CD8 cells expressing natural killer T cells receptors NKG2A, NKG2D in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The treatment outcome was measured at the end of treatment. Results The rates of lesion resolution (78.85%vs. 58.82%;χ2=4.439, P<0.05) and cavity closure (62.86% vs. 35.48%;χ2=3.893, P<0.05) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In the end of 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment, cumulative rates of sputum conversion from positive to negative in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (χ2 were 5.343, 5.067 and 4.118,all P<0.05). The CD8 cells expressing NKG2A after treatment in the treatment group were significantly lower than those before treatment in the treatment group (t=9.510, P<0.01) and after treatment in the control group (t=9.832, P<0.01);the CD8 cells expressing NKG2D after treatment in the treatment group were significantly higher than those before treatment in the treatment group (t=10.622, P<0.01) and after treatment in the control group (t=10.433, P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-αafter treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups (t were 17.344 and 21.142 in the treatment group, 10.984 and 12.203 in the control group;all P<0.01 );the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α after treatment in the treatment group were significantly lower than those after treatment in the control group (t were 7.832 and 5.478,all P<0.01). The serum IL-10 levels after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups (t were 12.454 in the treatment group, 7.934 in the control group; all P<0.01 ); and the serum IL-10 level after treatment in the treatment group was significantly higher than that after treatment in the control group (t=4.720, P<0.01). The effective rate for cervical lymph node tuberculosis in the treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.5%vs. 64.7%;χ2=6.855, P<0.01). Conclusion Combination of Jiehe pellet and the standardized anti-tuberculosis therapeutic regimen may improve immune function, increase the rate of sputum conversion from positive to negative, and facilitate lesion resolution in aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicating cervical lymph node tuberculosis.

Objective To study whether hyperthermia and ionizing radiation could produce combined effects on the neurobehaviors of neonatal rats.Methods These rats who were pregnant for 8 or 9 days received respectively total body irradiation by 60Co-rays .When the rats were pregnant for 10 days,the temperature of rat anus was kept at (37?0.5) ℃,(41?0.5) ℃,(42?0.5) ℃,respectively in warming boxes and lasted for 2,3,4,5 minutes.The neurobehaviors of neonatal rats were observed.Results In contrast to control group and 37 ℃group ,when pregnant rats were exposed to high temperature.the neonate rats were delayed for the appearance of four physiologic markers,the age of acquisition for four reflexes and the time of learning and memory(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the spectrum of pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CAP.

METHODSRespiratory secretions and venous blood samples were collected from 1560 children with CAP aged from one month to 9 years within 2 hours after admission, for detection of multiple pathogens. Respiratory virus antigens in nasopharyngeal swab specimens were detected by immunofluorescence. Sputum was used for bacterial culture. Levels of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-IgM and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP)-IgM in venous blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSA total of 579 strains of bacteria were isolated from all respiratory secretions, including 213 (36.8%) Gram-positive strains and 366 (63.2%) Gram-negative strains. The five most common strains were Haemophilus influenzae (7.50%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.73%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.35%), Moraxella catarrhalis (5.19%), and Escherichia coli (3.46%), wherein the beta-lactamase-producing strains accounted for 3.3% of all strains. The non-bacterial pathogens mainly included respiratory syncytial virus (12.88%), MP (7.88%), and CP (8.91%). Mixed infection of pathogens was serious, and the mixed infection of respiratory syncytial virus with Haemophilus influenzae infections were the most common. For most pathogens, the infection rate was higher in children aged under one year than in those aged over one year.

CONCLUSIONSHaemophilus influenzae, respiratory syncytial virus, MP and CP are the main pathogens for children with CAP. For most pathogens, the infection rate is higher in children aged under one year than in those aged over one year. Mixed infection rate of pathogens is high.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection ; etiology ; microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections ; etiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo study molecular epidemiology of norovirus (NV) infections, stool specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea were tested by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the viral specific nucleic acid segments.

METHODSFecal samples from a total of 1260 children who had watery diarrhea seen from December 2006 to December 2007 in Guangzhou were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The primers and probes used for rapid detection and typing of NV strain target NV sequences were at the ORF1-ORF2 junction, a highly conserved region of the NoV genome. The positive specimens were determined by nested PCR and sequenced.

RESULTSTotally 257 specimens were positive for NV with a positive rate of 20.40%. Shedding of NV type GI was detected in 6.90%, type GII in 16.98% respectively, while the positive number of mixed infection with GI and GII was 44. Of the NV strains that were cloned and sequenced, GI was GI-3, GI-2 and GI-4 detected in positive specimens respectively; meanwhile, GII-4 was most commonly seen in genome II, followed by GII-3 and GII-7. In addition, the average age of children infected with NV was less than 2 years. An epidemic occurred during the winter and early spring (December through the next March).

CONCLUSIONNV was one of the important pathogens for acute diarrhea among children in Guangzhou, which suggested GII-4 was the prevalent strain.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo prepare CIT microemulsion and to investigate its properities and the absorption character in rat intestine in situ.

METHODThe optimum formulation of the blank microemulsion was selected by pseudo tertiary phase diagrams and the CIT microemulsion was prepared based on the blank microemulsion. The appearance, particle diameter distribution and Zeta potential were investigated by electron microscopy and grainsize analyzer. The entrapment efficiency was determined by sephadex column chromatography. An in situ single pass intestine perfusion method was used to investigate the intestinal absorption of CIT microemulsion. HPLC method for determination of CIT in the intestinal flux was established.

RESULTThe formulation was OP-glycerol-water-ethylis oleas (3:3:4:2). CIT microemulsion in electron microscopy was consisted of small spherical drop. The mean diameter was 61.7 nm, Zeta potential was -46.3 mV. The Entrapment efficiency was (92.1 +/- 1.74)% (n=3). Both CIT and CIT microemulsion had been absorbed in general intestinal tract,and the absorption of CIT microemulsion was significantly high compared with CIT in duodenum, colon, jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe preparation technology of CIT microemulsion was feasible,and the microemulsion system might improve the absorption of CIT in the intestinal tract.

Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Intestinal Absorption ; Models, Animal ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of skeletal Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition on speech articulation and to look for which factors lead to the speech errors.

METHODSThirty-eight children with skeletal Angle Ill malocclusion in mixed dentition were selected as a sample group and 40 children with normal occlusion in mixed dentition as a control group. Two phoneticians evaluated their articulations and wrote down error phonemes respectively. The correlation analysis was undertaken between the number of errors and the measurements of patients' cephalometry.

RESULTSThe number of errors were correlated significantly with overbite, UI-LI, OBJ (OB+OJ) and TD-PW.

CONCLUSIONThere is articulatory malfunction in the majority of skeletal Angle III malocclusion patients in mixed dentition. Articulatory malfunction is related to the position of incisors and the tongue.

Cephalometry ; Child ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Mixed ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III

OBJECTIVEApplication of Knox method was discussed in exploring temporal-spatial cluster for infectious diseases.

METHODSThe theory of Knox method was introduced in detail. As an example, the temporal-spatial cluster of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases from April to May in 2005 was explored in Beijing and the statistical process of Knox method was clearly demonstrated with related results well interpreted.

RESULTSOnly when time and distance threshold values were set as 13 days and 29.67 km, potential temporal-spatial cluster could be detected in epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis cases.

CONCLUSIONAccording to the characteristics of the epidemics, under Knox method, if appropriate threshold values of time and distance were chosen, information on temporal-spatial cluster of infectious diseases could be obtained. According to the records of different time and distance threshold values, the nature of an infectious disease might be explored. Thus Knox method could help us to strengthen the early warning system on infectious disease control strategy.

China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Meningitis ; epidemiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular mechanism of haemophilia B caused by the novel mutation of Arg327Ile (R327I) in FIX gene.

METHODSThe R327I, R327Ala(A), R327Lys(K), R327Asn(N) and a replacement mutant (FIXβFVII), in which FIX β strand 324-329 was replaced by that of FVII 298-303, expression plasmids were constructed with site-directed mutagenesis method based on the wild-type (WT) FIX expression plasmid. The HEK293 cell was transiently transfected, then the activity of FIX (FIX:C) was assayed by one stage method in the conditioned medium, while the FIX:Ag in both the conditioned media and the cell lysates was measured by ELISA. The molecular weight and the semi-quantity of expressed FIX were analyzed by Western blot. Fluorescent protein expression plasmid was constructed to investigate the synthesis and secretion of the FIX R327I mutation in the viable cells.

RESULTSFIX:C of the R327I mutant protein was 4.49% of the level of the WT in the conditioned medium, and the FIX:Ag of the R327I mutant protein in the conditioned medium and the cell lysates was 31.02% and 129.29% compared to that of WT, respectively. The mutation was characterized as cross-reaction material reduced (CRMR). The viable cell fluorescent assays showed that the R327I protein was more in both the viable cells and in lysosome than that of WT. The FIX:C of the R327A, R327K, R327N and FIXβFVII mutants was reduced compared to that of WT, the reduction of FIX:C of FIXβFVII was the most significantly amount among all the mutants in medium. FIX:Ag of all the mutants in the medium, except that the R327K increased, was reduced. The result of Western blot showed that the molecular weight of R327I protein was the same as that of WT, but the amount of the protein was much less compared with WT in the conditioned medium.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal synthesis and secretion as well as the abnormal function of the R327I mutant protein causes haemophilia B. The residue of R327 as well as the β strand domain of R327 located play important roles of the specific function of FIX.

Factor IX ; genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Hemophilia B ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Transfection

Adult ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Iron ; deficiency ; Premenopause ; ROC Curve ; Reticulocytes ; chemistry