Objective To determine the minimum alveolar concentration(MAC) of sevoflurane without body movement during laryngeal mask airway(LMA)intubation in premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age undergoing total inhalation general anesthesia induction.Methods Twenty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age undergoing elective inhalation general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.At first,the general anesthesia induction was started by inhaling 6 ％ sevoflurane.After the premature infant lost consciousness,the end tidal sevoflurane concentration(ET-sev)was adjusted to the predetermined concentration and maintained stable for 15 min.After that,LMA was inserted.The up-anddown sequential allocation was used to determine MAC.The initial ETsev was 2 ％,which was increased or decreased by 1 gradient concentration in the next case according to the LMA insertion body movement response.The adjacent concentration gradient was 0.2％.The midpoint from th body movement response to non-body movement response was set as the balance point and the mean value of the concentrations of sevoflurane at all the balance points were calculated as MAC.Results The end tidal sevoflurane con centration without the body movement responses to LMA insertion was 1.71％.Conclusion The MAC of sevoflurane without the body movement responses to LMA insertion in premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age is 1.71％,which is lower than that in the normal children and probably because imperfect central nervous system development in premature infants.

369 patients with hypertension living in Xietu community were randomized into 2 groups:intervention group receiving the group-interference-management and control group receiving routine hypertension management services.We found that patients in the intervention group had better self-management behaviors,self-efficacy and health status in comparison with the control group (P＜0.05).The systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased more remarkably than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Our result suggested that the community-based hypertension group-interference-management model is more effective to control hypertension than the routine hypertension management services.

ObjectiveTo provide evidence for the development of national norm of coping style for petrol station employee.MethodsStratified random sampling surveys and individual interview were performed in 13 269 in-service petroleum employees.Taking gender,age,education level and marriage as independent variables and coping factors as dependent variables,t test or analysis of variance was completed.Results Our data indicated that coping style was significantly changed in different gender ( P＜0.05),age (F=4.596,P＜0.05),education (F=14.723,P＜0.05) and marriage groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Specified working environment results in corresponding coping style,and the development of national norm may be important and necessary.

AlM: To evaluate the application of phacoemulsification of different nucleus density using ozil and traditional mode.METHODS: A total of 89 eyes (72 patients ) ( visual acuity was of 0. 6 and above after 1mo follow - up) of different nucleus density level (LOCS Ⅱ criteria grade Ⅲ 46 eyes, grade Ⅳ and more 43 eyes ) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: ozil group (group A), grade Ⅲ 22 eyes (torsional energy 80% lP on);grade Ⅳ and more 17 eyes (torsional energy 100% lP on); Traditional mode group(group B), grade Ⅲ 24 eyes (energy 50% ), grade Ⅳ and more 26 eyes (energy 60% ~ 70% ) . All surgeries were performed by the same experienced surgeon,who use the chop to split the nucleus in the application of phacoemulsification. lntraoperative parameters were total equivalent pawer ( TEP ), cumulative dissipated energy ( CDE ) and effective phaco time ( EPT ) and surgical complications. The effectiveness of the two modes in dealing with hard - core cataract phacoemulsification were compared.RESULTS: GradeⅢ nucleus dealing: TEP of ozil group was significantly higher than that of the traditional mode group [(24.58±7.78)% vs (13.84±1.97) %]and EPT of ozil group was significantly lower than that of the traditional mode group (50. 59±14. 73 s vs 60. 19±9. 04 s, P<0. 05). CDE showed no difference between two groups [(13.12±6.03)% vs (13.38±2.85)]. Grade Ⅳ and more nucleus dealing: CDE [( 34. 10 ± 13. 48 )%] and EPT (104. 64±32. 4s) of the ozil group was higher than CDE [(30. 31 ± 13. 48)%] and EPT (93. 01 ± 41. 01s) of the traditional mode group, but there were no difference between two groups. Obstacles in the needle of phacoemulsification surgery: ozil group 4/17, traditional mode group 2/26 (χ2=2. 16, P=0. 14).CONCLUSlON: Bothozil and traditional mode can deal with all kinds of nucleus effectively and safely. Ozil mode is more efficacy and quick deal in gradeⅢnucleus. With the increase of nucleus hardness, the traditional mode still have the advantage of high efficiency and no obstacle to dealing patients with grade Ⅳ and more nucleus. Choose according to different nuclear hardness ultrasonic model can improve the operation efficiency and security.

OBJECTIVETo explore the imaging characteristics and operation outcomes of intramedullary schwannoma in thoracolumbar spine.

METHODSFrom June 2005 to December 2012,17 patients with intramedullary schwannoma in thoracolumbar spine were operated through posterior approach, including 11 males and 6 females with an average age of 53 years old ranging from 46 to 67 years old. The courses of disease ranged from 3 to 5 years (averaged 3.3 years). Thoracic patients manifested chest and back pain,numbness and inability on lower limb gradually, unsteady gait. Lumbar patients manifested low back pain,radiating pain and numbness on lower limb, intermittent claudication. Preoperative VAS score was 5 to 8 with an average of 6.12. Eleven patients suffered from never injury, 4 cases were grade C, 5 cases were grade D and 2 cases were grade E according to Frankel classification. Three patients were injured on thoracic segments, 5 patients were on thoracolumbar segments, 3 patients on lumbar segments and 6 patients on lumbosacral segment confirmed by CT and MRI. Five patients were epidural, 12 were intradural extramedullary. Six patients underwent spinal decompression and tumor resection simply, eleven patients underwent spinal decompression, tumor resection, internal fixation and bone graft fusion.

RESULTSNo injury of blood vessel or spinal cord occurred during operation, cutting healed well. All patients were followed up from 12 to 60 months with an average of 32 months. Chest and back pain, low back pain, radiating pain and numbness on lower limb were improved significantly. VAS score at final follow-up was 0 to 3 (averaged 1.5). According to Frankel classification, 5 cases were grade D, and 6 cases were grade E at final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONMRI is an effective method in diagnosis of intramedullary schwannoma in thoracolumbar spine. Operative method is choosed by imaging expression, and the aim is effectively decompression of spine, reconstruction of stability of spine.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Spinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery

Objective To investigate the dementia caregivers' awareness of dementia diagnosis for patients aged≥80 years in veterans community in Beijing.Methods Patients aged 80 years and over who were diagnosed as dementia were selected from Dec.2009 to Jul.2011 in the veterans community in Beijing.A face-to-face interview and questionnaire survey were conducted in dementia caregivers individually,including basic social demographic data (gender,age,educational background),awareness rate of dementia,treatment and drug use situation and their attitude to dementia patients.Results A total of 118 caregivers were investigated individually.The caregivers in this study were mainly the spouse of the patients,and most of them were elderly people.46.6％ (55/118) of caregivers were the spouse of the patients,and 52.5％ (62/118) of caregivers were 65 years old and over.The caregivers' awareness rate of dementia was 32.3％ (38/118) when patients were diagnosed as dementia.There was no correlations of gender,age and educational background with the awareness rate of dementia diagnosis (all P＞0.05).50％ of dementia patients received the dementia treatment,and only 17.8％ (21/118) of patients got the first line drug treatment for dementia (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and / or memantine).98.3 ％ (116 / 118) of caregivers agreed that the dementia patients should be treated kindly.Conclusions The dementia caregivers are mainly patients' spouse in veterans community and most of them are the elderly.The awareness rate of dementia diagnosis is low among the caregivers.Most patients do not take the formal treatment.The social support for the dementia caregivers should be strengthened.

Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors and clinical parameters on septic patients with hemoperfusion,and to discuss the application of hemoperfusion on sepsis. Methods 43 patients with sepsis were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. In the treatment group,the patients received conventional treatment and hemoperfusion together,which performed every 24 hours,continuously for 3 times when they arrived in ICU in the first hour. The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and PAF were dynamically detected before hemoperfusion,after 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours in treatment group. The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and PAF were compared between the two groups after 72 hours. So did the clinical parameters as WBC count,CRP,PCT and blood lactate acid. Results The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6, IL-10 and PAF were increased significantly in the early stage of sepsis,and were decreased obviously after hemoperfusion(P < 0.01). After 72 hours treatment,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6 and PAF were decreased rapidly,so did the level of CRP,PCT and blood lactate acid. There were significant differences between the two groups(P < 0.05). ConclusionHemoperfusion could remove the inflammatory factor of septic patients and improve the clinical symptoms of them.

0.05),but there was significant difference between group A and group C,the rate of hypoglycemia of group A was less than group C(P

Preliminary research and partial satellite carrying experiment were firstly carried out,so as to research the technique of environmental control and life support system(ECLSS)of Chinese manned spacecraft.Environmental control and life support sub-system of "Shenzhou" spacecraft were developed subsequently,and the technique of physical/chemical regenerative ECLSS and controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)were also researched gradually.This paper introduced the research and development of ECLSS of Chinese manned spacecraft,and discussed the technical character of ECLSS.

Objective To analyze the differences of size and charge heterogeneities between origi-nal humanized anti-TNF-αantibody and four similar biotherapeutic products ( SBP ) .Methods The size exclusion chromatography ( SEC-HPLC ) and weak cation exchange chromatography ( WCX-HPLC ) were used to analyze the size and charge heterogeneities , respectively.Carboxypeptidase B (CpB) treatment was employed to analyze the source of charge heterogeneity of the antibody products .Results Four SBPs showed the same pattern with the originator in SEC-HPLC, and no significant difference with the percentage of mono-mer was observed .The percentages of the aggregates of SBP-3 and SBP-4 were a little higher than those of the originator .The charge distribution of SBPs was significantly different from the originator ′s, especially in the basic region .The results from the samples treated with CpB indicated that the difference of charge distri -bution in the basic region might be caused by the C-terminal lysine variants .Conclusion Four SBPs showed similar size heterogeneity with the originator , but significant differences with charge heterogeneity were observed among them .The study suggested that more attention should be paid to the charge heterogene -ity analysis of the biosimilar products .