Quorum sensing is defined as the cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression, and the involved system is the quorum sensing system, in which N-acyl homoserine lactone is known as the signal molecules of most gram-negative organisms. It can regulate diverse physiological functions. This paper reviewed the quorum sensing systems and the recent advances which play a major role in the formation of the symbiosis between the rhizobia and their host plants.

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy

OBJECTIVE:To scientifically establish the variety scope of expensive drugs and to reduce the stock level to a maximum degree under the premise of supply security. METHODS: The variety scope of expensive drugs was established by modified ABC (activity-based costing) analytical method,and the management on expensive drugs was carried out by fixed-quantity system (FQS) together with fixed-interval system (FIS). RESULTS: The practice of the optimized management effectively reduced the stock quantity of expensive drugs,increased the amount of money of 75 stocked drugs to 2.473 7 million yuan from 3.935 7 million yuan;the turnover rate rose from 238.36% to 461.86%,and the turnover days were decreased from 13.03 days to 8.29 days. CONCLUSION: Computer management in combination with the modified ABC analytical method together with FQS and FIS management led to an effective and accurate inventory management of expensive drugs,which then resulted in a speedy turnover rate,decreased fund occupying and lowered drug cost.

Objective: To develop a headspace gas chromatography ( HS-GC ) assay for simultaneous determination of dichloroacetic acid ( DCA ) and trichloroacetic acid ( TCA ) in urine. Methods: Urine samples (5 mL) were transferred to a 22 mL headspace bottle, added with 0.5 mL 10% sodium acetate solution , immediately sealed, and shaken evenly. The bottle was placed in the HS-GC system, and equilibrated at 90 ℃ for 60 minutes. The mixture was separated with the HP-INNOWAX chromatographic column, and the DCA and TCA concentrations were detected with the hydrogen flame detector. Results: Under the optimal experimental conditions, the correlation coefficient of DCA and TAC was both > 0.999 0 within the range of 10-500.0 μg/L, and the lowest detection limits of DCA and TAC were 2.0 and 3.5 μg/L, with the spike recovery rate of 87.40% to 101.44%, and relative standard deviations of 1.89% to 3.25%. Of the 35 urine samples sampled from occupational populations, DCA and TCA were not detected. Conclusions The establishment of the HS-GAS assay through addition of sodium acetate and optimization of the headspace conditions, has high recovery and precision, which is effective to meet the requirements for daily determination of DCA and TCA in urine samples.

Objective To evaluate the b value of diffusion-weighted(DW)MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Three diffusion-weighted sequences were implemented with 500,1000 and 2000 s/mm~2 b values respectively on 95 breast lesions in 83 patients.All lesions were confirmed by pathology.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and signal intensity (SI)were recorded and compared in different lesions(breast cancer,benign lesion,cyst and normal beast tissue)with the same b value and the same lesions with the different b values.Results(1)The mean ADC value and SI of breast cancer were 1.375?0.378 and 839.713?360.493 respectively with b= 500 s/mm~2,1.176?0.311 and 459.314?229.609 with b=1000 s/mm~2,0.824?0.198 and 243.825? 110.616 with b=2000 s/mm~2.The differences in the mean ADC value were significant between two type lesions(cancer and benign lesion,cancer and cyst,cancer and normal breast tissue)with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.But the significant differenee was only seen between cancer and benign lesions when b value was 2000 s/mm~2.(2)The one-side upper limits of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs were adopted as the point to separate the malignant from the benign lesions,the sensitivity was 70.92%, 70.73% and 69.77%,the specificity was 77.19%,75.70% and 54.76%,the accuracy was 77.12%, 74.32% and 62.35% respectively with b values of 500 s/mm~2,1000 s/mm~2 and 2000 s/mm~2.The areas under ROC eurves were Az_(500)=0.775?0.046(P0.05).Conclusion DWI MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.

Objective:To investigate the expression and regulation of the platelet-activating factor receptor(PAF-R)in human keratinocytes.Methods:The expression of PAF-R in skin tissues and HaCaT cells was examined by immunohis-tochemistry.The expression of PAF-R in HaCaT cell mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR.The expression and regulation of PAF-R were measured by flow cytometry in HaCaT cells treated with various stimuli.Results:The expression level of PAF- R was very high in human keratinocytes,mainly located on cell membranes and cytoplasma.PAF-R also expressed on HaCaT cells transcription levels,and the tissue-type PAF-R mRNA was more than that of leucocyte-type PAF-R mRNA.PAF-R ex-pressed on both membrane and intracellar part of HaCaT cell,and the intracellular expression was about4.82times that of membrane expression.IFN-?and retinoic acid upregulated the membrane expression of PAF-R in HaCaT cell.Conclusion:Human keratinocytes can highly express PAF-R at cell,protein and transcription levels,and the expression characteristic can be regulated by some inflammatory factors,which indicates the PAF system may play an important role in the skin inflamma-tion. [

Objective To explore the relationship between fluconazole resistance and expression of multidrug resistant protein genes,including CDR1,CDR2,MDRI.Methods The total RNA was extracted from fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans isolates,and cDNA was synthesized.The expression of CDR1,CDR2 and MDRl genes was then detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The?CT (threshold cycle) value was obtained by subtracting the CT value of 18S rRNA from that of the targeted gene.Results The?CT value of CDR2 was significantly lower in fluconazole-resistant isolates than in fluconazole- susceptible isolates (7.52?2.53 vs.9.28?3.15,t=2.367,P

As the preparation process from Salvia miltiorrhiz herbs to S. miltiorrhiz injection involves complicated technology and has relatively more factors impacting quality safety, the overall quality control is required for its effectiveness and safety. On the basis of the component structure theory, and according to the material basis of S. miltiorrhiz injection, we discussed the multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system of the preparation, in order to achieve the quality control over the material basis with safety and effectiveness of S. miltiorrhiz injection, and provide new ideas and methods for production quality standardization of S. miltiorrhis injection.
Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Injections ; Quality Control ; Safety ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

The purpose of the secondary exploitation of Chinese medicine is to improve the quality of Chinese medicine products, enhance core competitiveness, for better use in clinical practice, and more effectively solve the patient suffering. Herbs, extraction, separation, refreshing, preparation and quality control are all involved in the industry promotion of Chinese medicine secondary exploitation of industrial production. The Chinese medicine quality improvement and industry promotion could be realized with the whole process of process optimization, quality control, overall processes improvement. Based on the "component structure theory", "multi-dimensional structure & process dynamic quality control system" and systematic and holistic character of Chinese medicine, impacts of whole process were discussed. Technology systems of Chinese medicine industry promotion was built to provide theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficacy of the secondary development of traditional Chinese medicine products.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; standards ; China ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), a kind of new solid tablet that rapidly disintegrates to work in the mouth, has became the hot form of new drug research in recent years with many advantages, such as the convenient taking, a widely applicable people, fast acting, high bioavailability, good compliance, and so on. ODT has been widely used in chemical medicines, while the application of it in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still in the stage of development The development of TCMs ODT provides a new direction for the research of Chinese medicine new dosage, accelerates the pace of connecting to the world and modernization of Chinese medicine. This dosage has a broad market prospect, and its quality control and assessment standards, taste, the disintegration time in vitro and evaluation method are the key factors that affect the industrialization, standardization of Chinese medicine ODT. Therefore, this paper reviewed the characteristics, preparation, taste masking technology and quality evaluation with new technology of ODT. Meantime, numerous application examples of ODT used in traditional Chinese medicine were described. We expect to provide the reference and utilization for the development of traditional Chinese medicine orally disinteeratine tablets.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Taste