OBJECTIVETo study the influence of actual defect length and gap width of the limbs main artery on the method selection of repairing and reconstruction.

METHODSRetrospective study was carried out for 32 patients with extremity main artery injury from 1996 to 2009, including 30 males and 2 females; 30 adults with an average age of 36 years old ranging from 18 to 51 years, 2 children of 4 and 5 years old respectively. Injured body parts involved axillary artery in 4 cases,brachial artery in 7 cases,radial artery in 2 cases, femoral artery in 4 cases, popliteal artery in 13 cases, posterior tibial artery in 2 cases. Main arterial injury defect gap width of all cases were observed and the reasons were analyzed. All cases were repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after vessels stretch.

RESULTSThe artery defect width was 3 cm to 7 cm with an average of (4.375 +/- 1.200) cm. Defect width of the upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was (5.73 +/- 0.63) cm,the lower extremity femoral and popliteal artery group (3.80 +/- 0.73) cm, the posterior tibial artery group (3.25 +/- 0.35) cm, the radial artery group (3.00 +/- 0.00) cm. Defect width of upper extremity brachial artery and axillary artery group was larger than that of the other three groups (P < 0.01). End to end anastomosis was performed successfully in all cases. Blood supply recovered well. Because of the severe limb infection 2 patients had amputation in the late. All patients received follow-up. The patients without fracture were followed up to 2 weeks postoperatively, all patients with fractures were followed up to 1 year at least. Limb blood supply was good in all patients during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONBlood vessel defect gap width is different from the actual vessel defect, but is larger than the actual vessel defect. Misjudgment of the vascular defect length will lead to more vascular transplantation. The vast majority of vascular defect can be directly repaired by the method of end to end anastomosis after the vessel free and stretch.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm ; blood supply ; surgery ; Axillary Artery ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the ischemic times of the main artery injury in the limbs and the influence on the limbs survival rate, and to analyze the reasons for the formation of the ischemia time.

METHODSFrom June 1996 to November 2012, 83 patients with completely severed limb main artery treated in our hospital were retrospectively studied. There were 77 males and 6 females, including 81 adults (ranging in age from 16 to 52 years old, with a median age of 35 years old) and 2 children (4 and 5 years old respectively). Seventy-five patients were treated with end to end anastomosis, 7 patients were treated with great saphenous vein transplantation, and 1 patient was treated with artificial blood vessel transplantation. The prior to admission ischemia time, after admission ischemia time and total ischemia time for successful and unsuccessful patients, as well as the causes of the formation of the ischemia time were studied. Limb survival rate of different ischemic time was counted. Sharpness injury or blunt injury ischemia time and amputation rate were researched statistically. All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

RESULTSThere were 72 limbs survived, 11 amputated. The average ischemia time was (7.45±5.94) h for limb-salvage group and (13.73±14.00) h for amputation group. Prior to admission ischemia time between amputation and limb-salvage group had no significant difference. After admission the ischemia time in amputation group was longer than limb-salvage group. The amputation rate for ischemia time 21 to 44 h group was higher than other three groups (≤ 5 h, 6 to 10 h, 11 to 20 h) (P=0.023, 0.038, 0.044). Amputation reasons can be divided into anastomosis failure in the operation, vascular thrombosis 2 to 4 days after operation and late infection.

CONCLUSIONVascular injury limbs can tolerate longer ischemia time and the limb salvage succeed. Only too long ischemia time (> 20 h), limb amputation rate increases significantly. The main cause of long time ischemia is delayed diagnosis in the hospital. Whether limb-salvage success mainly depends on the degree of trauma and the quality of the anastomosis than ischemia time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amputation ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; surgery ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Vascular System Injuries ; surgery

Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively, so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism. Immortalized human epidermal cells (HaCaT)is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu-nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis. This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method, cytokine and chemo-kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells, hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.

Molecular technologies are sensitive, fast, and cheap in the study on microbial ecology. However, these methods do not provide information about morphology, number, and spatial distribution of the microorganisms. In contrast, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combines the precision of molecular biology with the visual information from microscope, and permits visualization and identification of individual miciobial cells within their natural habitat. FISH not only allows the detection of slow growing microorganisms, but also of yet-to-be cultured. It is useful for many applications in diagnosis and assessment of the population structure of complex microbial communities, and is a powerful tool for molecular ecology studies in microbiology, In this paper, major techniques and progresses of FTSH were described. Its application in microbial ecology, as well as problems , pitfalls, and perspectives of FISH are discussed.

AIM: To observe the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness ( SFCT ) after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab ( IVR ) for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion ( RVO) .
METHODS:Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients with macular edema secondary to RVO) were treated with 0. 5mg IVR monthly for 3mo and received additional IVR as needed over the following 1a period. SFCT of the all eyes ( the affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes ) was measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images before and after the IVR.
RESULTS: The mean SFCT of the affected eyes with RVO decreased from 246. 7±115. 0μm at baseline to 220. 5±102.0μm at 1mo (P<0.05), 198.3± 114.0μm at 6mo (P<0.01), 212. 6± 96. 0μm at 12mo (P<0. 01). Whereas the fellow eyes changed from 229. 4±108. 0μm at baseline to 226. 3±107. 0μm at 1mo (P>0. 05), 228. 6±127. 0μm at 6mo (P>0.05), 223.6±101.0μm at 12mo(P>0.05). There were statistically significant difference between affected eyes with RVO and unaffected fellow eyes.
CONCLUSION: The SFCT is decreased after IVR for macular edema secondary to RVO. IVR seems to affect the hemorheology of the choroid.

Calcinosis ; pathology ; Child ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Male ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

The ideal treatment and recovery of osteoarticular injury remain to be resolved. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS), a naturally-occurring decellularized extracellular matrix, has been recognized as an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering and widely used in repairing various tissues and organs. Nowadays its application has also been gradually increased in the field of orthopedics. We reviewed laboratorial studies and clinical trails about the application of SIS in bone and joint repair, aiming to evaluate its effects on the repair of bone, cartilage, meniscus, ligament and tendon. SIS has showed promising results in repairing bone, meniscus, ligament or tendon. However, additional studies will be required to further evaluate its effects on articular cartilage and tendon-bone healing. How to optimize SIS material,is also a focused problem concerned with making SIS a potential therapeutic option with high value for orthopedic tissue repair.
Animals ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Tissue Engineering ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study expression of MMP-2 in relation to microvessel density (MVD) in esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSForty-eight specimens of esophageal carcinoma (Ec) and 17 specimens of grade II + III epithelial dysplasia (Dy) close to the tumor and 12 specimens of normal tissue (Nt) along the incisional margin were examined by S-P immunohistochemical staining with anti-MMP-2 monoclonal antibody. An anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody was used to show MVD.

RESULTSMMP-2 expression in Ec was remarkably higher than that in Dy, which was higher than that in Nt. MMP-2 expression in Ec and Dy was significantly correlated with MVD in the tumor and nearby tissue. MMP-2 expression and MVD in Ec significantly associated with lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONExpression of MMP-2 plays an important role in angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; enzymology ; secondary ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; enzymology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Microcirculation ; enzymology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; enzymology ; pathology

Objective To investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) on adverse reactions of chemotherapy in children patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).Methods Ninety-eight children patients withALL in the pediatric department of this hospital from Jan.2014 to Dec.2016 were chosen.The gradient PCR and DNA sequencing were adopted to detect the genotypes of MTHFR C677T,A1298C and TPMT A719G,G460A.The relationships between different SNP with adverse reactions were compared.Results The mutauon rates of MTHFR C677T and A1298C were 66.33％ and 44.90％ respectively,which of TPMT A719G and G460A were 12.24％ and 9.18％ respectively.The proportion of MTHFR A1298AC developing thrombocytopenia was 28.13％,which was higher than 7.41％ of those carrying A1298AA and 8.33％ of those carrying A1298CC,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proportion of MTHFR carrying A1298AA developing mucosal injury was 9.26 ％,which was lower than 43.75％ of those carrying A1298AC and 50.00％ of those A1298CC (P＜0.05).The differences in the genotypes of MTHFR C677T,TPMT A719G and TPMT G460A and the adverse reactions after chemotherapy were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism might be associated with the adverse reactions of MTX chemotherapy in ALL children.

Objective To investigate the difference of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fraction of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF) between Alzheimer's disease (AD)patients and normal aging (NA) controls by voxel-based analysis.Methods Thirty-one AD patients and 44 NA controls were enrolled in the study.Blood oxygen level dependent functional (BOLD) EPI data were obtained during resting-state by using 32-channel head coil.Data were realigned,normalized and then smoothed with 8 mm FWHM kernel.Resting-state fMRI toolkit(version 1.6) was used to generate ALFF and fALFF images.Independent two sample t-test was performed with SPM5 to compare ALFF and fALFF of AD and NA controls.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between MMSE score and ALFF,fALFF parameters.The significance level was set to be uncorrected O.001 on the voxel level and 0.05 on the cluster level.Results AD patients showed increased ALFF in left temporal lobe (0.492 ±0.119) and right cingulated cortex (0.434 ± 0.093) of AD patients,which were 0.443 ± 0.068 and 0.380 ±0.081 in NA controls (t =2.658,2.227,P ＜ 0.05).Decreased fALFF was found in bilateral posterior cingulate cortices (1.167 ± 0.203) and increased fALFF was found in bilateral temporal lobes (left 1.226 ±0.127,right 1.146 ±0.214) with left side dominance,which were 1.453 ±0.269,1.134 ±0.088,1.014 ± O.132 in NA controls (t =5.001,3.695,3.285,P ＜ 0.05).Bilateral temporal ALFF and fALFF correlated with MMSE positively (r =0.768—0.909,P ＜ 0.05) with left dominance.Conclusion AD patients showed increased resting-state functional MRI changes correlated with MMSE score in the temporal lobes with left dominance,which indicated left temporal lobe may be the best location for the observation of disease progression in AD patients.