Eight isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from host plants Cunninghamia lanceolata lanceolata and Euonymus japonichum, respectively, were cultured on MMC medium containing KCIO3 to select chlorate-resistant and nitrate non-utilizing mutants (Nit). All the Nit mutants obtained by this way belong to one of 3 kinds of the following phenotypes: the nitrate reductase structural locus (nit1), the nitrate-assimilation pathway-specific regulatory locus(nit3), and the molybdenum-containing cofactor locus(nitM). The higher mutation frequency on MMC amended with increasing concentration of KCIO3 was induced, and various nitrogen sources were able to influence production of the phenotypic classes. Seven of the 8 isolates tested were self-compatibility in which the two mutants with different phenotypes from the same isolate could genetically complement. The two isolates frail C. lanceolata belong to the same vegetative compatibility group (VCG), the other six isolates belong to distinctive VCGs.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of etanercept in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis ( AS) with enthesitis and explore an easy and accurate scoring method.MethodsWe designed this 12-week double-blind,placebo-controlled,randomized clinical study in active AS patients.The first part was a 6-week placebo-controlled period that patients received etanercept or placebo,followed by a 6-week open-label period that all patients received etanercept. At week 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,the scores of enthesitis were recorded.The primary efficacy endpoint was the Mander Index in the two groups. We compared the Maastricht AS Enthesis Score ( MASFS) index,Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada ( SPARCC) index,Berlin index and San Francisco index with the Mander Index. Results A total of 127 patients were included with 92 in the etanercept group and 35 in the placebo group.In etanercept group there were 25,41,47 patients without enthesitis at week 2,4,6 separately. At week 12,more than 70％ patients' enthesitis in two groups turned negative.The primary endpoint,as the Mander Index at week 6,was achieved by 0(0,2) score in the etanercept group compared with 1 (0,3) score in the placebo group (P =0.0286). Among the four Indexes.the San Francisco Index was the one most COrrelated with the Mander Index.Conclusion Etanercept can improve the symptoms of enthesitis fast and significantly. In clinics,the San Francisco Index is easier to operate and more accurate for assessment.

Objective To examine the distribution of flurbiprofen axetil in cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) by determining the CSF concentration of flurbiprofen after iv administration. Methods Seventy-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 18-75 yr weighing 54-82 kg undergoing spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for lower extremity or lower abdominal surgery were studied. Flurbiprofen axetil 1 mg/kg was injected intravenously.CSF 2 ml and venous blood 3 ml were obtained simultaneously every 5 min after iv injection for 45 min (T1-9 ) for determination of flurbiprofen concentration using high performance liquid chromatography, and the CSF/blood flurbiprofen concentration ratio was caculated. Results Flurbiprofen was not detected in CSF at T1,2 after iv injection in 3 and 4 patients. The CSF flurbiprofen concentration was significantly higher at T4-9, and CSF/blood flubiprofen concentration ratio higher at T5-9 than at T3 ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in CSF flurbiprofen concentrations among T4-9 ( P ＞ 0.05 ) Conclusion Flurbiprofen is detected in CSF after iv injection, the CSF flurbiprofen concentration peaks at 20 min after iv injection and it lasts until 45 min after iv injection.

Objective To describe the arthroscopic reductions and fixation of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture with cannulated screws. Methods During February 2003 to September 2005, 40 patients were treated arthroscopically for fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence. The average age was 29.5 years (11-58 years), with a mean follow-up time of 20.1 months(6-37 months). Among the 40 patients, there were 4 type Ⅱ fractures (10%), 24 type Ⅲ fractures (60%) and 12 type Ⅳ fractures (30%). The fragments were reduced and fixed with cannulated screws. All-arthroscopic technique was adopted in all cases. The hematoma and the fragment were debrided, and the bony fragment was reduced and temporarily fixed with 2-3 guide wires through the portal superomedial to the patella. Intra-operative X-ray was taken to prove the reduction. One or two cannulated screws were used to fix the fragment as the definite fixation. Results The fracture healed completely in all but 1 patient. Lachman test were negative in all patients postoperatively. The average postoperative KT-1000 manual maximum displacement(MMD) was 0.625 mm(?蛳1-2 mm) and average Lysholm score was 98.3 points(87-100 points). The range of motion was normal in 34 patients. Flexion deficit was found in 5 cases, but within 10?. Knee joint stiffness was found in 1 case with range of extension and flexion 0?-30?-45?. A secondary operation with arthroscopic release was performed. The range of extension and flexion was improved to 0?-10?-80? postoperatively. Mild anterior knee pains were found in 8 patients. For 4 young patients with open epiphysis, the cannulated screws were removed 10-12 weeks post operation. No growth disturbance was detected for these 4 patients at final follow-up. Conclusion Arthroscopic fixation of fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence with cannulated screw is a simple, safe and effective procedure suitable for both children and adult patients.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and general pattern of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) occurred in our hospital. METHODS:A total of 258 ADR cases collected from June 2006 to June 2008 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients' age and sex,drug variety,clinical manifestations,routes of administraiton and dosage forms etc. RESULTS:Of the total 258 ADR cases,the majority(64.34%) were induced by antimicrobial drugs; 45.74% presented with lesions of skin and its appendants,and 77.91% were induced by intravenous way. CONCLUSION:To develop and strengthen ADR monitoring and reporting should be regarded as the key to enhance medication safety.

Objective To evaluate the potentiation of neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium during isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (39 male, 21 female), aged 18-56 yr, weighing 42-88 kg undergoing ENT, oral or facial plastic surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 0.1 mg?kg-1 , pethidine 1mg?kg-1 and droperidol 50?g?kg-1. Oro- or naso-tracheal intubation was accomplished under topical anesthesia. After intubation the patients received hydroxydione 2.5 g and fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 50% N2O in O2 alone (groupⅠ) or combined with 0.6% isoflurane (group Ⅱ ) or 1.2% isoflurane (group Ⅲ ) . A bolus of rocuronium 0.6 mg?kg-1 was given during maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular function was monitored using TOF response measured by accelerography (Biometer, Denmark). (1) Onset time (time from the end of injection to maximum depression of T1 ) , (2) the duration of T1 = 0, (3) time from the end of injection to recovery of T1 to 25% , 50% and 90% control, (4) recovery index (time from T, 25%-75%) were recorded. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was monitored.Results The onset time was significantly longer in group Ⅰ[ (1.7?0.2) min] than that in group Ⅱ[ (0.9?0.1) min] and groupⅢ[(0.8?0.1) min] ( P

Objective To study the clinical feature and original diseases of bone marrow granulomas. Methods A total of 5217 bone marrow biopsies were retrospecitively analyzed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2001 to December 2007. Results Bone marrow granulomas were present in 20 cases, representing an incidence of 0.38% in the series and an annual incidence of 2. 9 cases per year. Finally, 13 of these cases (65%) were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Hematological neoplasms and viral hepatitis were found in 4 and 2 cases respectively. Acute interstitial nephritis was diagnosed in one case. Conclusions The finding of a granuloma in a bone marrow biopsy is not common and unspecific.Tuberculosis, hematological neoplasms and viral hepatitis are the most common underlying diseases. Bone marrow biopsy is an important method for the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis.

To confirm the existence of heme oxygenase (HO)- carbon monoxide (CO)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HT-MCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the inductive role of hemin on this pathway, HTMCs of the third to fourth generation were cultured in vitro. Reverse transcripase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of HO-1 and HO-2 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect HO-1 and HO-2 proteins. Hemin was added into the culture solution. The HO-1 mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. The relative amount of carbon monoxide released into the media was measured with the quantifying carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) by spectrophotometry. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine changes of cGMP in HTMCs. The results showed that cultured cells had the specific characteristics of HTMCs. Both HO-1 and HO-2 genes were expressed in HTMCs, as well as HO-1 and HO-2 proteins in HTMCs. Hemin induced HO-1 mRNA, HbCO and cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, HO-CO-cGMP pathway exists in the cultured HTMCs and can be induced by hemin. Pharmacological stimulation of HO-CO-cGMP pathway may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to rescuing glaucoma.
Carbon Monoxide/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP/*biosynthesis ; Cyclic GMP/genetics ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/*biosynthesis ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Trabecular Meshwork/cytology ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism

Objective To present the preoperative planning protocol and surgical procedures of computerized navigation technique in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and the comparative study results of tibial and femoral bone tunnel positions between navigation and arthroscopy technique. Methods The proper placement of femoral and tibial tunnels were planned preoperatively in standard AP and lateral X-ray view. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images were taken and inputed into navigation computer system to form the virtual interactive working fields. After placement and registration, signals from patient trackers being fixed into distal femur and tibia respectively, and tool trackers being attached with ACL tibial and femoral guide, were identified and captured by the optic navigation camera and so, the navigation computer system could pursued the real-time position of the ACL guide tools and the virtual tunnel positions were projeted into the working fields to help precise placement of femoral and tibial tunnels. From December 2005 to April 2006, 46 patients underwent fluoroscopy assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Of them, 40 cases were evaluated with the postoperative X-ray lateral view to measure the placement of both femoral and tibial tunnels, and compared with the group of 40 cases of arthroscopy assisted ACL reconstruction in the same study period. Results For the navigation group, the average position of tibial tunnel was 45.35%?3.827% (37% to 53%) and 62.25%?5.610% (52% to 73%) for femoral tunnel. For the arthroscopic group, the average tunnel positions was 41.05%?6.008% (25% to 54%) for the tibia, and 56.62%?7.316% (46% to 77%) for the femur. With reduced SD, the average positions for both of the 2 tunnels in the navigation group were significantly more posterior than the arthroscopic group(P