AIM: To test the intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of Uyghur and Han healthy college students whose eyes are emmetropia, and to conduct comparisons between the two races, two genders, and the right and left eyes whether there is a difference between the two races.
●METHODS:Cross-sectional study. The vision of college students who reach the clinic with visual chart were tested; the keratorefractive power with an automatic refractor was tested; the eyes with slit lamp and ophthalmoscope were tested. The intraocular pressures of 405 cases ( 810 eyes in total ) with an automatic non-contact tonometer were tested; The anterior chamber depths, lens thicknesses, vitreous cavity lengths and axial lengths with an A/B - type ultrasound diagnostic equipment were tested; The intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of the two races, two genders, same genders of different races, and the right and left eyes were compared.
●RESULTS: The differences between Uyghur and Han college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, lens thickness, vitreous cavity length and axial length were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ). The difference between Uyghur male college students and Uyghur female college students in anterior depth, axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant ( P<0. 05). The difference between Han male college students and Han female college students in axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant ( P<0. 05). The difference between the right and left eyes was statistically insignificant ( P > 0. 05 ). The differences between Uyghur male college students and Han male college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, vitreous cavity length, axial length and lens thickness were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The differences between Uyghur female college students and Han female college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth and axial length were statistically significant (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: Compared with Uyghur college students, Han college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with female college students of same race, the male college students are longer in axial length and smaller in keratorefractive power. Moreover, Uyghur male college students are deeper than Uyghur female college students in anterior depth. Compared with Uyghur male college students, Han male college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with Uyghur female college students, Han female college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, and longer in axial length. There is no difference between the right and left eyes.

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy, the natural de-velopment, and changes after laser photocoagulation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Twelve cases with congenital optic disc pit. Methods Records of 12 patients with congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy were reviewed. Clinical examination includes optical coherence tomography (OCT), color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography (FA). The data was analyzed with the exist-ing theory of pathogenesis of the disease. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and morphology of macupopathy. Results All the patients were noted to have serous maculopathy associated with optic disc pit. Serous detachment of neuro-retina was found in two pa-tients, schisis of neuro-retina in two patients, and both serous detachment and schisis of nearo-retina were observed in other patients. Two patients were associated with choroidal coloboma. Four patients were treated with laser photocoagulation, in which 3 patients had vision improved. Conclusions Schisis and detachment of neuro-retina are the important morphologic changes of congenital optic disc pit with maculopthy. Proper understanding of the relationship between the development of the disease and these changes will be helpful to study its pathogenesis. Patients may benefit in part from laser photocoagulation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 233-236)

Objective: To probe into the relation of nutritional status with serum lipids levels in children. Methods: The levels of serum lipids, dietary intakes and physical indices were investigated for 316 children aged 7～11 years in Beijing Chao Yang District. Results: 36.21% of energy was from fat. Of 60.1% children the daily intakes of cholesterol were equal to or more than 300 mg. The intakes of cholesterol were positively associated with TC and apoB levels. Energy percentage from carbohydrate was also positively related with HDL C level. On the other hand, the levels of TC, HDL C and apoAI in cholesterol high intake group were more than control group. The TC, TG, LDL C, apoB and Lp(a) levels in overweight/obese children were more than normal and underweight children, and the lipids levels increased with overweight degree. In boys the waist hip ratios were positively associated with TC, TG, LDL C and apoB levels, negatively with HDL C level. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity (especially abdominal obesity) and unreasonable diet were related closely with dyslipidemia in children. It could be used in early diagnosis for high risk children of dyslipidemia.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction and provide a method to study the potential basis and the changing of the chemical component for it in different compati- bility.Methods An HPLC method was established with Shimadzu ODS column(150 mm?4.6 mm, 5?m),the mobile phase was methanol-water-0.1% phosphoric acid(0.01 mol/L potassium phosphate monobasic,pH 2.8)as gradient elution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was 260 nm.Through comparing and analyzing the relative retention time of this decoction and of its composi- tion which are positive and negative control fingerprints,the main chromatographic peak origins were con- firmed;The correlated chromatographic peaks were identified by contrasting chromatographic peak reten- tion time and adding reference substances to the sample.Results All tested samples contained the 32 common peaks,the relativity of them were analyzed and 11 peaks were indicated.The similarity of ten batches of samples exceeded 0.92.Conclusion This method shows sensitive and good repeatability,all of the contents are separated well.It is used to determine Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction and its relative prepara- tions.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of standardized protocol,including prenatal diagnosis,perinatal management and treatment,on babies with meconium peritonitis.Methods A standardized protocol with prenatal diagnosis,perinatal management,treatment and follow-up on congenital anomaly was founded by Capital Institute of Pediatrics and several other obstetric hospitals.Thirty neonates diagnosed as meconium peritonitis prenatally from March 15,2006 to August 27,2012 were intervened according to this protoccl.The data of diagnosis,treatment after birth and prognosis were analyzed.Results (1) Prenatal diagnosis:Abnormal meconium peritonitis relative signs were found by ultrasound in all of these 30 cases.Among them,23 cases presented with intestine dilation,15 with polyhydromnios,nine with ascites,four with abdominal cystic mass and four calcification.(2)Diagnosis after birth (n=27):The most common imaging findings in abdominal X-ray were distention (27 cases),dilated intestine with air-fluid levels (22 cases) and calcification (11 cases).The most common imaging findings in ultrasound were obvious intestinal dilation (19 cases),cystic mass (7 cases) and calcification (7 cases).(3) Operation:Except for three cases without symptoms,the other 27 infants received operation at averagely 42 hours after birth (12 h-5 d).Besides the basic treatment as removal of the fuci and dissection of adhesion,peritoneal drainage was performed in one infant,two-stoma enterostomy in seven infants,inverted T-shape enterostomy in eight infants and primary intestinal anastomosis in 11 infants.Among these 27 cases,24 cases were cured,2 cases refused following treatment after surgery and one case was lost to follow up.Conclusions Standardized protocol with prenatal diagnosis,perinatal management and earlier intervention might improve the prognosis of meconium peritonitis.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of movement disorders,so as to improve their diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clini?cal data of patients with movement disorders that admitted in the dystonia and Botox outpatient department were analyzed. Results Cases of involun?tary movement were significantly more than the primary dystonia,and case of primary hemifacial spasm was dominant(163 cases,61.05%). Among the 66 cases of primary dystonia,blepharospasm was ranked the first(19 cases),the second was spasmodic torticollis(18 cases),and the third was Meige syndrome(12 cases).There was no statistical significance in the gender distribution among primary hemifacial spasm,blepharospasm,spas?modic torticollis and Meige syndrome. Instead,there was statistical significance in the treatment methods(P<0.05),and there was statistical signifi?cance in the mean treatment and onset age(P<0.05). Of the 163 cases with primary hemifacial spasm,the mean onset age was 44.22±12.22 years, and the ratio of men to women was 1∶2.4. There were statistical significances in the mean onset age and duration among the patients with different severity degrees(all P<0.05). Conclusion Primary hemifacial spasm,blepharospasm,spasmodic torticollis and Meige syndrome are the com?mon disease in outpatient department. The primary hemifacial spasm is dominant,women are more than men,and the onset age and/or duration are proportional to the severity degree.

Objective To analyze and summarize the imaging features of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 9 patients with EHE who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between June 2012 and June 2016 were collected.Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.Number,size,location,shape,density or signal and enhancement method of lesions,with or without lesions fusion and relationship between lesions and vessels were analyzed by 2 imaging doctors.Lesions in left lobe of liver,right lobe of liver and caudate lobe of liver were respectively counted.Real number was a standard as less than 5 lesions and more than or equal to 5 lesions was represented as ≥ 5.Observation indicators:(1) overall imaging features of EHE;(2) MRI findings of EHE;(3) CT findings of EHE;(4) treatment and pathological features of EHE and results of follow-up.Patients received the corresponding treatment after imaging examinations.Follow-up using outpatient imaging examinations was performed to detect tumor recurrence and stable condition of patients up to December 2016.Results (1) Overall imaging features of EHE:of 9 patients with EHE,6 received plain and enhanced scans of MRI,3 received plain and enhanced scans of CT (1 combined with MRI),1 received enhanced scan of CT.Lesions in right lobe of liver were more than that in left lobe of liver,and there were fewest lesions in caudate lobe of liver.Lesions were round or similar-round shape,with a maximum diameter of 2.5-6.1 cm and an average diameter of 3.6 cm.Four patients had total 2-5 lesions and less than 5 lesions in each lobe of liver,without lesions fusion,including 1 with halo sign and capsule retraction sign and 1 with halo sign.Of other 5 patients,2 had more than or equal to 5 lesions in each lobe of liver and 3 had more than or equal to 5 lesions in 2 lobes of liver;4 had halo sign,lollipop sign,capsule retraction sign and a tendency of lesions fusion,1 had halo sign and capsule retraction sign.The halo sign,lollipop sign,capsule retraction sign and a tendency of lesions fusion were 7/9,4/9,6/9 and 4/9 in 9 patients,respectively.(2) MRI findings of EHE:6 patients received plain and enhanced scans of MRI.① Four patients had clearhalo sign on T2 weighted imaging (T2WI),in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase.Three patients had slightly central hyperintensity and thick ring of slightly peripheral hyperintensity on T2WI.There were slightly central hyperintensity and thin ring of slightly peripheral hypointensity in 1 patient,and the halo sign was seen by enhanced scan.There were central hyperintensity and peripheral hypointensity in 2 patients,and the halo signs were clearly seen in hepatobiliary phase.Some patients were combined with multiple manifestations.② There were no obvious halo sign on T2WI,annular enhancement in arterial phase by enhanced scan,no obvious halo sign in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase in 2 patients.There were hypointensity on T1WI and isointensity-hyperintensity on DWI in 6 patients.(3) CT findings of EHE:plain scan of CT in 4 patients showed slightly hypodense shadow,without calcification.Enhanced scan of CT in 3 patients showed that obvious halo-like enhancement was seen in portal vein phase and halo rings were less obvious than that by MRI examination.(4) Treatment and pathological features of EHE and results of follow-up:of 9 patients with EHE,4 underwent surgical resection based on lesions ≤5 and surgical specimens were detected by pathological examination,5 underwent interventional treatment and pathologic examination with biopsy.Gross specimen examination showed that lesions were solid and stiff,with greyish white section plane and infiltrative margin.Tumor cells consisted of epithelioid cells under the microscopy,without atypia and with rare mitotic figures,and vacuoles were seen in cytoplasm.Immunohistochemistry showed CD31 and CD34 were positive.Nine patients were followed up for 6-54 months.During the follow-up,4 patients with surgery had no recurrence and 5 patients with interventional therapy remained stable condition.Conclusions Imaging manifestations of hepatic EHE are the more typical when lesions of EHE became more.Hepatic EHE has a tendency of lesion fusion,halo sign,capsule retraction sign and lollipop sign.Imaging manifestations on T2WI with fat suppression,in portal vein phase and hepatobiliary phase are helpful to improve the diagnosis of hepatic EHE.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of treatment of renal anemia by combination of Bushen Jianpi Recipe (BJR, a Chinese experience recipe for supplementing Shen and supporting Pi) and low dosage erythropoietin (EPO), and the influence of treatment on change of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) so as to explore the possible mechanism of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating renal anemia.

METHODSPatients with renal anemia were randomly divided into two groups, the ICWM group and the control group, symptomatic and supporting treatment such as dialysis, supplementing of ferrous, foliac acid and vitamin B12, was given to both groups. Additionally, to the ICWM group, 50 IU/kg of EPO subcutaneous injection for twice every week, and oral intake of BJR, one dose per day taken in two parts, were given, and to the control group, EPO alone, 50 IU/kg by subcutaneous injecting, 3 times per week, was given. The therapeutic course for two groups was 3 months. Blood levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), TNF-alpha were measured before treatment and the therapeutic effect was observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the levels of Hb and Hct increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.01), comparison between the two groups in Hb and Hct after being treated for 3 months showed significant difference (P < 0.05). The serum level of TNF-alpha was markedly higher than normal range in both groups before treatment, it significantly lowered after treatment in the ICWM group (P < 0.05), but unchanged in the control group.

CONCLUSIONCombination of BJR and EPO could significantly inhibit the production of TNF-alpha, this may be an important factor for ICWM in effectively improving sensitivity to EPO.

Adult ; Anemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Chronic Disease ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Erythropoiesis ; drug effects ; Erythropoietin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of lamivudine (LAM) on serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 66 CHB patients at baseline and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after LAM treatment respectively. And 20 healthy volunteers served as healthy control. The comparision of pretreatment and post-treatment was done using t test and numberation data were analyzed by non parametric rank sum test. Results In HBeAg positive patients, the serum level of IFN-γ was (21.03±4.44) ng/L in complete response group, which was higher than partial response group [(13.85±3.92) ng/L] and non-response group [(10.63± 3.11) ng/L] (t=7.56,t=11.87, both P<0.01). Take that IFN-γ is 15.66 ng/L as boundry patients with high baseline IFN-γ level showed much higher complete response rate (31.0% vs 8.7%, x2 =8.391, P<0.01) and lower non-response rate (13.8% vs 52.2%,x2=4. 256, P<0.01) than those with low baseline IFN-γ levels. After LAM treatment, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios in complete response patients were approximate or even higher than those in healthy group, whereas the IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratios of patients with partial response and non response were lower than those in healthy group. In HBeAg negative patients, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios increased slowly but didn't reach the same levels of healthy group. Conclusions It is suggested that LAM treatment can increase IFN-γ release and reduce IL-4 release in CHB patients. The response type to LAM therapy is associated with the recovery of T helper cell (Th) 1/Th2 balance post-treatment and pretreatment IFN-γ levels.

Over the past three decades, more and more antisense drugs have been approved for marketing or clinical trails. Antisense technology has become the focus of pharmaceutical research due to its unique advantages in treating diseases and strong clinical development potential. There is a big difference from traditional small molecule chemical drugs, and macromolecular protein biological drugs. Antisense drugs are a very independent drug form. Antisense drugs were initially used to treat diseases with single gene mutations, but recently they have gradually begun to be used for the treatment of common diseases. Rational antisense drug design is crucial for disease treatment based on genetics. This paper reviews the latest progress in the field of action mechanism, chemical modification and delivery strategy of antisense drugs, and analyzes the current intractable problems. It is believed that with the resolution of these problems, the research of antisense drugs can reach a new level.