Dermcidin (DCD) was found in isolated human skin sweat glands with antimicrobial effect, and was defined as a kind of new small molecule antimicrobial peptide. It was a part of human sweat glands in the skin as the immune system's innate defense. With the studies of DCD, its extensive biological functions are gradually discovered. Since 2010, a number of studies have shown that DCD may be a new risk factor for atherosclerosis. And the role of DCD in ischemic heart disease has drawn increasing attention in particular its relationship with insulin secretion and glycemic control, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and hypertension, platelet aggregation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In those experiments, it was also confirmed that aspirin had antagonistic and reverse effects on various biological functions of DCD. Further research on the role of DCD in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to the prevention, early warning, prognosis evaluation and treatment breakthrough of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of combination of vascularized fibular head epiphysis and peroneal neurovascular reverse flap repair defects of bone and skin in lateral malleolus in children.Methods Eight children with defects of bone and skin in lateral malleolus were recruited from May,2009 to September,2014.The age of children was ranging from 4 to 12 years old.Four children were injured by wheel twist,2 children were injured by traffic accident,1 was injured by machinery,and 1 was crashed with heavy object.The size of soft-tissue defect was ranging from 3 cm × 5 cm to 7 cm × 9 cm.The flap and bone healing along with ankle joint function scoring were evaluated.Patients were reviewed every 4 to 6 weeks during one year after their surgery,and they were reviewed every 6 months one year later.Results Secondary repair were conducted in all children.The curative effect got well after follow up for 6 months to 2 years(mean,12 months).The flap and fibular head epiphysis were well developed.The ossification of fibular head epiphysis did not found.According to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle function evaluation criteria,the results were excellent in 5 cases,good in 2 cases and poor in 1 at 10 months after operation.The shape and function of ankle joint were good,with one exception.The average motion degree of ankle joint was (68±5.12)°.Conclusion Combination of vascularized fibular head epiphysis and peroneal neurovascular reverse flap repair defects of bone and skin in lateral malleolus in children is effective.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of 4 183 Da peptide of dermcidin protein in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted.Serum samples were drawn from 161 patients with acute coronary syndrome [ACS,including 46 patients with unstable angina (UA),23 with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction,and 92 with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction],111 subjects for routine physical examination,including 45 patients with hypertension history,42 with coronary heart disease,22 with diabetes,and 54 patients with non-ACS (including pulmonary embolism,aortic dissection aneurysm,arrhythmia,myocarditis,coronary myocardial bridge,pleurisy,pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum,rib fracture,reflux esophagitis,peptic ulcer,and pancreatitis) to serve as controls.4 183 Da peptide of dermcidin protein was assessed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technology,and myeloperoxidase [MPO,determined by point-of-care testing (POCT) and enzyme linked i mmunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively],high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP),myoglobin (MYO),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ),and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) were quantitated with biochemical analysis.The power of the biomarkers above for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis for ischemic heart disease were judged by comparison of their sensitivity and specificity.Results ① It was showed by one-way ANOVA that 4 183 Da peptide was higher in ACS group than that in control group (relative abundance:22.05 ± 16.97 vs.15.52 ± 14.09,P =0.001),but no difference was found between ACS group and non-ACS group (relative abundance:22.05 ± 16.97 vs.19.99 ± 17.63,P =0.416).② The specificity and sensitivity of the 4 183 Da polypeptide and MPO for predicting ACS and UA were compared with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).It was showed that the 4 183 Da polypeptide had predictive values for ACS and UA,and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.625 and 0.651 (both P ＜ 0.01),but MPO was not found to have predictive value (AUC was 0.440 and 0.336,respectively,both P ＞ 0.05).③ It was showed by the values of multi-markers in differential diagnosis of ACS and non-ACS disease that the specificity and sensitivity of 4 183 Da peptide in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and non-ACS disease were less than those of MYO,cTnⅠ,H-FABP,markers of myocardial damage,which AUCs were 0.569 vs.0.796,0.833,0.838,and equal to MPO (POCT/ELISA) and hs-CRP,AUC of which was 0.569 vs.0.505 (POCT)/0.477 (ELISA) and 0.545.But both the value of 4 183 Da peptide and MYO,cTnⅠ,H-FABP in the differential diagnosis of UA and non-ACS disease was not found,where AUC was 0.456,0.525,0.658,0.568.Conclusion 4 183 Da polypeptide,a fragment of dermcidin protein,may have association with the onset of ischemic heart disease,and may be helpful in the early diagnosis of ACS.

Epidemiological surveys show that folic acid can prevent prostate cancer, but fortified folic acid may increase the risk of the malignancy. The physician data queries from the National Cancer Institute of the USA describe folate as protective against prostate cancer, whereas its synthetic analog, folic acid, is considered to increase prostate cancer risk when taken at levels easily achievable by eating fortified food or taking over-the-counter supplements. We review the current literature to examine the effects of folate and folic acid on prostate cancer, help interpret previous epidemiologic data, and provide a clarification regarding the apparently opposing roles of folate for patients with prostate cancer. A literature search was conducted in Medline to identify studies investigating the effect of nutrition and specifically folate and folic acid on prostate carcinogenesis and progression. In addition, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database was analyzed for the trends in serum folate levels before and after mandatory fortification. Folate likely plays a dual role in prostate carcinogenesis. There remains some conflicting epidemiologic evidence regarding folate and prostate cancer risk. However, there is growing experimental evidence that higher circulating folate levels can contribute to prostate cancer progression. Further research is needed to clarify these complex relationships.
Dietary Supplements ; adverse effects ; Disease Progression ; Folic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology ; Food, Fortified ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; chemically induced

G mutation of SLC26A4, the parents and the second child were carriers of the same mutation, while the fetus had a wild-type form. Conclusion It is feasible to identify deafness related genes by screening for GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutation, thus providing correct prenatal diagnosis and avoiding deaf delivery of baby.

Objective To establish an enterovirus 71(EV71) infection model of tree shrew primary renal cells.Methods Tree shrew primary renal cells were obtained by trypsin digestion.After subculture and purification,EV71 virus was used to infect these primary cells.The culture supernatant of these EV71-infected cells was collected for virus titer detection at 1,2,4,6 and 8 days post-infection.The cells were collected for detection of EV71 VP1 protein by Western blot assay.Furthermore,the expression and location of VP1 protein in the infected cells were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.Vero cells were taken as positive control to evaluate the infectivity of EV71 virus to tree shrew primary renal cells.Results Morphologically,the cultured cells were proved to be majorly consisted of the primary renal cells after subculture and purification.The obtained primary cells were infected by EV71 virus.The virus titer was up to 1.3×106 TCID 50/mL during 48-96 h post-infection,proving that EV71 virus infected and proliferated in the tree shrew primary renal cells.Western blot showed that the viral VP1 protein was detected from infected primary cells at 2 to 8 d post infection.VP1 protein was also observed in the cytoplasm at 2 to 6 d post infection by indirect immunofluorescence.Compared with Vero cells,the infectivity of EV71 virus to tree shrew primary renal cells and its proliferation were confirmed.Conclusions Based on the successful establishment of cell culture of tree shrew primary renal cells,the infectivity to the obtained cells and proliferation of EV71 virus in the cells are confirmed.The model of EV71 virus-infected tree shrew primary renal cells is initially established.

Objective To investigate the clinical application and manifestation of dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating true progession from pseudoprogression in patients with gliobastomas.Methods Twenty five glioma patients were treated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and enrolled in this study.All patients were underwent DCE-MRI using a 1.5T scanner.Fifteen patients were confimmed by secondary pathology or clinical and imaging follow-up of patients with gliomas true progession (TP),10 patients were pseudoprogress (PP).Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare perfusion parameters between two groups (TP and PP),were used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to clear if these parameters can be the indicators to differentiate true progession from pseudoprogression.Results Ktrans (volume transfer constant),Ve (fractional volume of extravascular extracellular) values between TP and PP glioma groups were statistically significant,K and Ve values were significantly higher in the TP group than in the PP group (P ＜ 0.05).The areas under the ROC curve are 0.990 and 0.847,respectively.Kep (efflux rate constant) value,Vp (fractional volume of plasma) value in the identification of glioma TP group and PP group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DCE-MRI can be used to identify glioma TP and PP,Ktrans value and Ve value have clinical significance.

Aim To investigate the effect of sphingo-sine kinase 1 (SphK1 )on unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and ex-plore the possible mechanism.Methods The CD-1 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham-op-eration group(Sham),PF-543 treatment control group (Sham +PF-543),model group(UUO)and PF-543 treatment group(UUO +PF-543).On 1 ,3,7 and 1 4 d after operation,eight mice were selected randomly from each group and sacrificed.The protein expressions of SphK1 ,mature TGF-β1 ,FN,ColⅠ,LC3,Beclin1 ,Atg5 and Atg1 2 were observed by Western blot.The histo-logical changes were examined by Masson′s trichrome stain.Immunhistochemistry was performed to measure the levels of expression of SphK1 ,FN and Col Ⅰ. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the autophagic body.Results SphK1 expression and autophagy were both upregulated in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis induced by UUO. Meanwhile, in-creased mature TGF-β1 and deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)were observed in tubulointerstitial areas compared with sham-operated mice.After intraperito-neal injection with the SphK1 specific inhibitor PF-543 in UUO mice,enhanced expression of SphK1 and acti-vated autophagy were significantly abrogated.Howev-er,aggravation of renal fibrosis was detected when SphK1 inhibitor PF-543 was applied to suppress SphK1 expression in UUO mice.Conclusion SphK1 activa-tion is renoprotective through the induction of autoph-agy in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.

ood long-term efficacy for cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension was a useful treatment for these patients.

Background Pupillary light reflex has been widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of visual system and nervous system diseases.However,in animal experiments,functional evaluation of the visual system and nervous system needs more advanced technology and are affected by many factors.Objective This study was to explore the use of the dynamic pupillometer in evaluating pupillary light reflex and to discuss the influence of brightness of stimulate on relevant curve parameters in C57BL/6 mouse.Methods Ten healthy SPF male C57BL/6 mice were collected in this experiment.White light of five luminance levels (2,8,32,128,256 cd/m2) was used to stimulate the mice following a 2-hour dark adaptation.The stimulation was given at the 60-second intervals,for a duration of 100 ms at every stimulation.An infrared camera and video capture card were used to capture digital images during the measuring process in a scotopic environment,at a speed of 60 frames per second.Measuring outcome was saved in the*.AVI format.A software that was developed by our group was used to determine pupil diameter and output pupillary light reflex curve offline.Pupil initial diameter (R1),constriction amplitude (CA),constriction velocity (CV),latency (T1),time for maximum velocity (T2),time for maximum constriction (T3),time for maximun con-striction to 10.1％ R1 re-dilation (RT)and re-dilation velocity (RV)were assessed,and the correlations between luminosity and measuring parameters were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation.The use of animals followed the Regulations for thd Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results R1 values showed no statistically significant difference among the 5 different luminosity groups(F=1.117,P=0.361).A positive linear correlation was found between stimulating luminosity and CA(r=0.508,P＜ 0.01),but negative correlations were seen between stimulating luminosity and CV or RV (r=-0.625,-0.609,P＜0.01).T1 and T2 values in the 5 different luminosity groups were not statistically significant (F =0.202,P =0.936 ; F =1.584,P =0.195).The different levels of stimulating luminosity showed positive linear correlations with T3 and RT values (r =0.791,0.609,P＜ 0.01).Conclusions The dynamic pupillometer can quantitatively measure the pupillary light reflex of C57BL/6 mice.The pupillary light reflex dynamic curve parameters of mouse were affected by stimulus luminosity levels.These outcomes offer a basis for the application of the dynamic pupillometer system for measuring pupillary light reflex in animal models.