OBJECTIVE:To prepare chloramphenicol and ephedrine nasal gel and establish its quality control method.METHODS:Gel was prepared with chloramphenicol and ephedrine hydrochloride as principal agents and with carbomer-940 as base.The contents of the principal agents were determined by HPLC and the stability of the gel was investigated as well.RESULTS:The preparation was transparent colloid.The linear ranges of chloramphenicol and ephedrine hydrochloride were 62.5～1 000 and 31.25～500 ?g?L-1(r=0.999 9),respectively,with average recovery rates at 99.64%(RSD=0.5%)and 99.57%(RSD=0.7%),respectively.Storing under room temperature,no obvious change was noted for the property of the sample at 12 months.CONCLUSION:The preparation technique of the gel is simple and feasible,and its quality is stable and controllable.

Objective To explore the effects of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) gene on the cytotoxic activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against cholangiocarcinoma cells. Methods CIK-ICOS cells were obtained by stable transfecting ICOS genes into CIK cells through the adenovirus vector whereas untransfected and EGFP-transfected CIK cells were treated as controls. The proliferation and apoptosis of different CIK cells, as well as their cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma cells in the three groups were detected. The expressions of IFN-T, IL-2 and TNF-α in the supernatant of different CIK cells were measured by ELISA. SCID mice with cholangiocarcinoma were randomly divided into CIK group, CIK-EGFP group, CIK-ICOS group and normal saline group. The cytotoxic activity of CIK-ICOS cells against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vivo was observed. Results CIK-ICOS cells displayed better proliferation than CIK cells and CIK-EGFP cells. At day 20 and 23 of culture, the apoptosis rate of CIK-ICOS cells was 0.69% and 0.89%, respectively, while that of the CIK cells was 2.90% and 4.92%. The cytotoxic effect of CIK-ICOS cells at different E: T ratio against cholangiocarcinoma cells was significantly stronger than that of CIK cells and CIK-EGFP cells (F=13.37, 6.46, 25.51, P<0.05). The concentration of IFN-γ in CIK-ICOS cultured supernatant was (49.50±4.73)μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in the cultured supernatant of CIK cells [(30.53±3.73)μg/L] and CIK-EGFP cells [(30.12±2.64)μg/L](F=38.89, P<0.05). The growth of cholangiocarcinoma was significantly slower in CIK-ICOS group than that in CIK group and CIK-EGFP group, whereas the necrosis area of tumor was larger and the CIK cells in CIK-ICOS group was more than those in the other two groups. Conclusions CIK cells had the function of killing cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. After ICOS genes were transfected into CIK cells, the survival time of CIK cells in vitro was prolonged and the proliferation of CIK cells was enhanced, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ was increased so that the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo was enhanced.

Objective To investigate the value of functional MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast diseases.Methods Sixty-five patients with 68 lesions were enrolled in this study. Conventional T_1 WI and T_2 WI scan,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI,diffusion weighted imaging and ~1H single voxel MR spectroscopy were performed consequently.All lesions were verified by pathology,including 4 cases of breast adenosis,22 fibroadenomas,2 chronic inflammations,3 cysts,33 infitrating ductal carcinomas,1 intraductal carcinoma and 3 cystosarcoma phyllodes tumors.Morphological features,maximum enhancement ratio,time-intensity curve,apparent diffusion coefficient and Choline peak were analyzed. Results The detection rates of T_1 WI and T_2 WI were 14.7%(n=10)and 51.5%(n=35).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of dynamic contrast.enhanced MRI for the malignant tumor were 94.6%, 71.4% and 76.5% respectively.Retrospective study showed that diffusion weighted imaging,with the b value from 800 s/mm~2 to 1000 s/mm~2,could be used to differentiate various types of breast lesions.~1H signal voxel spectroscopy had a sensitivity of 51.4%,specificity of 82.6%,and accuracy of 67.6% for the malignent.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy could reach 97.3%,90.0% and 92.6% respectively by combining conventional scan,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and MR spectroscopy.Conclusion Functional MRI,with high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy,can be used widely in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions.

This paper is to build a finite element model of brain with a real brain shapeon which simulation studies of electrical impedance tomography EIT in the brain is based. A curve of a real brain shape is simulated with the curve-fitting methods and EIT in the brain is finished with finite-element methods and Equipotential Lines Back-Projection algorithm.The locationarea and amplitude of the change of the resistivity are reconstructed accurately. But the image quality has to be further improved.This paper provides a basis for clinical applications of EIT in brain.

HPS1-D, an active polysaccharide,was isolated and purified from Hedysarum polybotrys. HPS1-D was obtained after treated with Savage method and H2O2, and purified with DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Then physicochemical property analysis, GC, methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR method were used to study chemical structural of HPS1-D. The conformation was primarily analyzed with GPC-MALLS method and Congo red reaction. The anti-complementary activity of HPS1-D was evaluated with the hemolysis assay. HPS1-D was a heteropolysaccharide and consisted of D-glucose, L-arabinose, (7.2:1.3). HPS1-D proved to be a neutral sugar, with 1, 4-and 1, 4, 6-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues in backbone ,and 1, 5-and 1, 3, 5-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residues in branches. HPS1-D has a random coil state conformation with monodisperse mass distribution in 0.9% NaCl solution. And HPS1-D had triple-helix conformation in concentrate of NaOH solution. Anti-complementary activity of HPS1-D was closed to its positive control heparin.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Humans

Objective To investigate the relationship between MRI rating of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) within cholinergic pathway and vascular dementia in Binswanger's disease.Methods 41 patients with Binswanger's disease undergone inspection of MRI. On 4 selected axial images, the severity of WMH in the cholinergic pathways was rated on a 3-point scale for ten regions identified with major anatomical landmarks. The cholinergic pathways hyperintensities scale (CHIPS) were developed by Bocti based immunohistochemical tracings of the cholinergic pathways. Subjects underwent neuropsychological testing with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) to assess cognitive domains of interest (attention, episodic memory, executive functions). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to compute association between CHIPS score and DRS score.Results The total score of DRS, the scores of DRS attention subscale and memory subscale were 105.6±18.2, 29.5±4.2 and 11.3±3.2 respectively. The score of CHIPS was 35.6±13.7. After accounting for age and education in a multiple linear regression model, the CHIP ratings were associated with impaired performance on the DRS ( r=-0.43, P<0.05).Conclusion The MRI rating of WMH within cholinergic pathway has strong correlations with cognitive performance in patients with Binswanger's disease.

This study is to determine the content of three alkaloids and establish the HPLC fingerprint of "Jianlian" Nelumbinis Plumula. The HPLC method of content determination was as follows: Thermo C18 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was conducted with acetonitrile-sodium dodecyl sulfonate solution-acetic acid (56: 43: 1) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The monitoring wavelength was set at 282 nm and the column temperature was 35 degrees C. The method of HPLC fingerprint was as follows: Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was conducted with gradient elution of methanol and water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1), the monitoring wavelength was set at 282 nm and the column temperature was 35 degrees C. Similarities evaluation and hierarchical clustering analysis were applied to demonstrate the variability of 12 batches of "Jianlian" Nelumbinis Plumula samples. The results demonstrated that 11 batches showed good similarity on chemical constituents. The method could well display the chemical information of "Jianlian" Nelumbinis Plumula. It was simple, reliable and could be used for the chemical quality control of "Jianlian" Nelumbinis Plumula.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the risk factors and study the methods of prevention and treatment for the ruptures of aneurysms in keyhole minimally invasive approaches.

METHODSFrom 1999 to 2005, 115 cases of intracranial aneurysms were divided into 2 classes according to the risk factors of aneurysm rupture. Forty-three cases of lower risk underwent microsurgical procedures as keyhole approaches, including pterional approach in 20 cases, supraorbital approach in 18 cases, interhemispheric approach in 5 cases. Seventy-two cases, rest of microsurgical procedures, were performed as conventional craniotomy, including pterional approach in 31 cases, supraorbital approach in 11 cases, interhemispheric approach in 7 cases, pterional-supraorbital in 10 cases, pterional-interhemispheric in 6 cases, supraorbital-interhemispheric in 4 cases, pterional-supraorbital-interhemispheric in 3 cases.

RESULTSSix aneurysms leaked and 3 ruptured (rupture rate 7.0%) treated with keyhole approaches during operations. No one died by keyhole approaches. Eighteen aneurysms leaked and 9 ruptured (rupture rate 12.5%) treated with conventional approaches during operations. Two patients died by conventional approaches.

CONCLUSIONSKeyhole approaches as a time-saving, trauma-reducing procedure could improve the postoperative outcomes, but these approaches still exist probability of aneurysm rupture. It is possible that keyhole-bone flap becomes a limitation to deal with huge or ruptured aneurysms. And it is important to make a specially preventive strategy for aneurysm rupture.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods

AIMTo discuss the genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated populations of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and to find the reason for forming the genuineness of Radix Paeoniae rubra (Chishao) and Radix Paeoniae alba (Baishao).

METHODSForty three representative samples of P. lactiflora from 11 localities were analyzed by RAPD method with 21 random primers. According to RAPD results, the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of P. lactiflora were detected by the percentage of polymorphic sites (PPB), the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).

RESULTS(1) At species level, the PPB of P. lactiflora was 85.26%, the Nei's gene diversity (Ht) was 0.166. The PPB in wild population (WP) was 77.61%, which was more than that (54.96%) in cultivated population for medicine (MP), and that (61.76%) in cultivated population for ornament (OP). (2) AMOVA showed that 29.50% of the genetic diversity resulted from differentiation among populations. Pairwise Phist distance (0.3632) between WP and MP was furthest, while that (0.0973) between MP and OP was closest, indicating population differentiation was significant (P < 0.001). (3) In general, cluster analysis revealed that the samples of P. lactiflora were divided in wild and cultivated groups (except for 39). In WP, individuals of Duolun were separated from those of other localities. In MP, the clusters of samples corresponded well with their own habitats.

CONCLUSIONIn addition to environmental factor, genetic differentiation should be the main cause for the genuineness of "Chishao" and "Baishao". Because of over collection and worse habitat, P. lactiflora in Duolun, whose root is the famous Chinese Geo-herbal--"Duolun Chishao", is progresively rare. So, it should become the endangered germplasm resource to protect.

DNA, Plant ; analysis ; Genetic Variation ; Paeonia ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; growth & development ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Species Specificity